방전플라즈마소결법으로 제조된 $ZrB_2$-ZrC 복합체의 결정립 방위분포 및 결정입계의 특성

심승환,김경훈,심광보,Shim, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Kyoung-Hun,Shim, Kwang-Bo 한국세라믹학회 2001 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.38 No.10

새로운 소결법인 방전플라즈마소결법(SPS: Spark Plasma Sintering)으로 제조된 $ZrB_2$-ZrC 복합체의 결정립 방위분포 및 결정입계의 특성을 EBSP(Electron Back-Scattered Pattern)법으로 분석하여 상압소결법(PLS, Pressureless Sintering)에 의한 시편과 비교하였다. 방전플라즈마 소결법으로 제조된 시편의 $ZrB_2$ 결정립은 상압소결된 시편과는 다르게 (0001)면이 시편표면에 수직한 배향(normal direction)을 나타냈으며, ZrC 결정립은 두 경우 무질서한 배향을 나타냈다. 결정입계 특성 분석에서 low angle $(<15^{\circ})$의 분포는 상압소결법인 경우 전체 입계 중 약 10%, 방전플라즈마 소결법은 8%로 두 소결체에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, CSL(Coincident Site Lattice) 입계의 분포에서는 방전플라즈마 소결법으로 제조된 복합체에서 $\Sigma$ 3,5,7,9,11의 CSL 분포가 상압소결법에 비해 높은 분율을 나타냈다. The grain orientation distribution and grain boundary characterization of $ZrB_2$-ZrC composites sintered by a SPS(Spark Plasma Sintering) method, a new sintering technique were analyzed by the EBSP technique and then their crystallographic results have been compared with those of a sintered specimen using a PLS(Pressureless Sintering) method. In the $ZrB_2$-ZrC composite manufactured by SPS, (0001) planes of $ZrB_2$ were oriented in the direction normal to the specimen surface. In the case of PLS, those of $ZrB_2$ were oriented normal to the electron beam. In both cases of PLS and SPS, ZrC grains had the randomly oriented grain structure. The grain boundary characterization showed that low angle grain boundaries in the PLS and SPS processed materials constituted about 10% and 8% of the total number of boundaries, respectively, represented the only slight difference between the proportion of low angle grain boundary. However, in the distribution of CSL(Coincident Site Lattice) boundaries, it was shown the higher proportion of CSL boundaries with $\Sigma$ 3,5,7,9, 11 in the SPS processed material.

방전 플라즈마 소결법으로 제조된 silicon boride 세라믹스의 열전 특성

심승환,이대웅,채재홍,심광보,Shim, Seung-Hwan,Lee, Dae-Woong,Chae, Jae-Hong,Matsushita, Jun-Ichi,Shim, Kwang-Bo 한국결정성장학회 2005 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Silicon boride ($SiB_6$) is very promising for use as thermoelectric materials at high temperature because of its high melting point and relatively large Seebeck coefficient. In the present work, spark plasma sintering (SPS) was applied for preparing dense $SiB_6$ ceramics, and their thermoelectric properties were investigated, together with their microstructural evaluation. The SPS process was found to be effective in densifying a $SiB_6$ ceramic, typically 99 % of the theoretical density at low temperature of $1500^{\circ}C$. In comparison with $SiB_6$ specimen prepared by hot-pressing, the SPS-processed specimen exhibited the significantly improved Seebeck coefficient, resulting in the higher power factor.

비판적 사고를 통한 배움의 의미

심승환 ( Seung Hwan Shim ) 한국교육철학학회 2008 교육철학연구 Vol.41 No.-

공자의 교육사상에 나타난 배움(學)과 사고(思)의 관계에 대한 고찰

심승환 ( Seung Hwan Shim ) 한국교육철학학회 2010 교육철학연구 Vol.47 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between learning and thinking in the educational thought of Confucius. Learning and thinking are very important concepts in education, so to study them and to highlight their relationship are necessary to educational theory and practice. Confucius is the founder of Confucianism and a great educator who has influenced Korean education. Therefore, it is significant to Korean education to study the relationship between learning and thinking through the educational thought of Confucius. This study examines the meaning of learning through goals, subjects and methods of it. Then it inquires the substance of thinking as discernment and inference, practice and building the moral person. Finally, it synthesizes them and highlights the relationship between learning and thinking. The relationship between learning and thinking is, first, to have the same goal of building the moral person and cooperate for it, second, to relates each other through practice by modeling moral behaviors and reflecting, third, to share the necessary partnership as the two sides of the Golden Mean. The relationship suggests the cooperative methods of learning broadly, willing sincerely, questioning critically and thinking practically, and it presents important implications to the Korean educational practice. First, learning broadly suggests going beyond fixed textbooks and the preparation of the college entrance examination. We should strengthen liberal curriculum such as literatures, philosophy and history. Students should utilize various materials and think them critically. Second, willing sincerely means to build a strong foundation of the will to learn voluntarily. The relationship between learning and thinking begins from the reflection of Why do I learn?. The self-reflection of the reason of learning causes inner motivation and strong power to learn incessantly and pleasantly. Third, questioning critically means to examine subjects of learning critically and creatively. Teachers should guide students to question Why? How? Other aspects? in every subject. The critical and creative thinking ability will help good performances of projects in societies. Forth, thinking practically means to relate new knowledge with the former knowledge and to apply general theories to a particular situation. Teachers should help learners to understand subjects through their own experiences and viewpoints.

테일러의 자아 이론에 근거한 도덕적 자아정체성 교육의 방향 고찰

심승환 ( Shim Seung-hwan ) 안암교육학회 2024 한국교육학연구 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning and educational direction of self-identity based on the moral values of the community today, when individualistic, relativistic, and instrumentalist values are prevalent. To this end, it critically analyzes the values and self-concept of modern society, focusing on the theory of Charles Taylor, the philosopher of communitarianism. Then it examines the meaning of moral self-identity based on the horizons of significance and narrative perception, and suggests specific directions for self-identity education based on this. The horizons of significance includes one’s own underlying history, civic obligations, and demands from the community and environment, and the recognition of true identity is based on this perception of moral horizon. In order to find and realize the authentic self, it is necessary to go beyond the narrow and temporary self-contained view of the self, such as self-fulfilling, and to gain insight into the wide network and temporal continuity on which the self is based. The education of self-identity should lead one to reflect on the wide range of relationships on which one's life is based, and to reflect deeply on the meaningful (value) direction and the direction of realization in those relationships, rather than simply staying in the search for an individual's aptitude and career path. In this context, based on Taylor’s theory, this study proposes multidimensional self-identity reflection education in the dimension of self-interpretation, relationship, community, and comprehensive dimensions.

위기의 시대 공생과 어울림의 교육철학

심승환(Seung-hwan Shim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2024 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.24 No.10

목적 본 연구에서는 오늘날 사회와 교육이 당면한 위기의 근본적 요인을 고찰하고 이를 극복하기 위한 공생과 어울림의 교육의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 방법 이를 위하여 Honneth, Rosa, Noddings, Fromm의 주요 문헌을 고찰하고 이를 바탕으로 연구자 나름의 이론적 방향을 제시하였다. 인정, 울림, 배려, 사랑 등 관련 선행연구의 주요 개념 분석과 비판적 해석을 바탕으로 이 시대에 필요한 공생과 어울림의 교육적 개념을 탐색하였다. 결과 오늘날 위기의 주요 원인은 가정, 학교, 사회에서의 무시 및 가속화에 따른 소외 현상과 이로 인한 상호 존중과 배려, 협력 가치의 약화임을 확인하였고, 이를 극복하기 위해서는 보호, 책임, 존중, 이해를 바탕으로 한 공생과 어울림의 인격을 키우는 교육이 필요함을 고찰하였다. 결론 오늘날 사회와 교육이 당면한 위기를 극복하기 위해서는 인간뿐만 아니라 자연과 사물을 포함한 세계와의 관계에서 자기중심주의와 분리주의를 지양하고, 상호 이해와 공감을 바탕으로 적극적인 배려와 사랑을 실천하면서 상호적응하며 상호성장해나가는 유기체적 공생과 어울림의 교육을 모색하여야 한다. Objectives This study attempted to examine the fundamental factors of the crisis facing society and education today and to suggest the direction of education of symbiosis and harmony to overcome them. Methods To this end, the main literature of Honneth, Rosa, Naddings, and Fromm were reviewed, and based on this, the researcher's own theoretical direction was suggested. Results It was confirmed that the main causes of today's crisis were alienation due to neglect and acceleration at home, school, and society, and the resulting weakening of mutual respect, consideration, and cooperation values. Conclusions In order to overcome the crisis facing society and education today, it is necessary to avoid self-cen-teredness and separatism in relation to the world, including nature and things, as well as humans, and to seek ed-ucation of organic symbiosis and harmony that mutually adapt and grow while practicing active consideration and love based on mutual understanding and empathy.

Whitehead의 유기체 철학에 근거한 유기체적 교육의 방향

심승환(Seung-hwan Shim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2024 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.24 No.2

목적 이 연구는 Whitehead의 유기체 철학의 기본적 특징을 바탕으로 입시와 경쟁에 치우친 한국교육의 현실 문제를 극복하고 생동력 있고 조화로운 삶의 지혜를 함양하는 유기체적 교육의 방향을 모색하고 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 방법 이를 위하여 Whitehead의 원전 및 관련 문헌을 연구하여 유기체 철학의 기본 개념과 핵심 이론을 파악하고 이에 근거하여 유기체적 교육의 목적, 내용, 방법을 고찰하였다. 결과 유기체 철학은 모든 부분이 상호 관련되며 또 전체적으로 연결되므로, 이에 근거한 교육은 학습내용과 학습자의 삶이 유기적으로 연결되며 학습자를 둘러싼 교육자, 학습 소재, 동료 학습자의 관계 맺음과 상호작용을 중심으로 삶의 지혜를 구성하는 방향이 되어야 함을 확인하였다. 결론 유기체적 교육은 학습자의 삶에의 적용을 목적으로 교육내용이 유기적으로 연결되며, 지적 사고력과 미적 감각, 일반성과 전문성이 조화되며, 학습자의 자발적이고 자유로운 지적 탐색과 정밀하고 검증된 지식이 조화되고, 학습자 주변의 사람, 사물, 자연 등 다양한 존재들과 공생, 조화, 협력을 추구하는 인성을 함양해야 한다. Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore and present the direction of organic education that overcomes the real problems of Korean education, which is biased toward entrance examination and competition and culti-vates the wisdom of a vital and harmonious life by examining the basic characteristics of Whitehead's organism philosophy and education. Methods To this end Whitehead's nuclear power plant and related literature were studied to understand the basic concepts and core theories of organism philosophy, and based on this, the purpose, content, and method of or-ganic education were considered. Results Since all parts of organism philosophy are interrelated and connected as a whole, it was confirmed that education based on this should be a direction in which learning content and learner's lives are organically con-nected and life wisdom should be constructed around the relationship and interaction between educators, learning materials and fellow learners surrounding learners. Conclusions In organic education, educational content should be organically connected for the purpose of applica-tion to learners' lives, intellectual thinking and aesthetic sense are harmonized, generality and professionalism are harmonized, learners' voluntary and free intellectual search and precise and verified knowledge are harmonized, and people, objects, and nature around learners should cultivate personality that pursues symbiosis, harmony, and cooperation.

아우구스티누스의 <고백록>을 통한 만남과 나눔의 영성교육 고찰

심승환 ( Shim Seung Hwan ) 한국교육철학학회 2017 교육철학연구 Vol.39 No.4

The study explores the meaning of spiritual education of encounter and sharing through Augustine's Confessions. Augustine presents a concrete picture of the encounter with the self in the Confessions. He reflects on his origins and direction with his finitude, discovering the spirits of truth and purity, the passion of truth inquiry, and true will, as well as on his sinful tendencies and weaknesses, indulgences and falsehoods. He also shows the matureness of spirituality through illustrating various encounters and sharing of stories with others in Confessions. He is inspired by the spiritual awakening of others through relationships and interactions with his mother, friends, disciples, mentors, and the Bible, and experiences insights into eternity with the limitations of himself and this world. Finally, through his encounter with God, he realizes his weakness and God's ability to illuminate and heal from within. And this spiritual awakening leads to a passion to share and teach the joy of his enlightenment to many others and readers. This viewpoint of spiritual education of Augustine suggests deep internal reflection on the modern education, which is based on usefulness and convenience, and the importance of various dimensional relations and exchanges.

인간 본성(本性)의 교육적 의미에 대한 고찰 -합리성, 자연성, 본래성의 통합적 관점에서

심승환 ( Seung Hwan Shim ) 한국교육철학학회 2012 교육철학연구 Vol.34 No.2

Studies and discussions of human nature are necessary and crucial to human lives and education, since human beings become good when they know their own nature or full realization, However, educational practices and educators nowadays ignore the fundamental question, and they only try to perform immediate tasks such as accomplishments in examinations, This study starts from the problem, There have been many thoughts regarding human nature, but most of them focused on one part of human nature that is a complex body of reason, sensibility and will. Studies examining the complex, totality of human nature with regard to education are rare. This study examines rationality of human beings through Plato, Kant, and liberal education theories. They argue that reason is the highest capability controlling emotions and will, and education should aim to realize human rationality through knowledge and logical thinking. It examines naturalness through Confucius, Mencius and Rousseau. They show that ``Ren(仁)`` or ``amour de soi`` is based on good nature of human being and they can be realized through observing the good self and sympathizing with others. This study examines authenticity through existentialism and Taylor. They argue that modern people lose their true selves and follow ordinal customs. In order to become authentic, human being should listen to conscience and choose their own ways with will to conscience or will to power, Through the examination, it discovers what the fundamental nature of human is and what the ideal state of human through education is, Rationality, naturalness and authenticity are all fundamental natures of human and the three natures foster one another to become whole person, Conclusion shows the three nature should be fostered in balance according to persons and situations, and we should focus on authenticity in the age of the collapse of sincerity and seriousness. It suggests death education and in-depth dialogue in order to recover authenticity in relation with rationality and naturalness.

다문화교육과 민주시민교육의 관련성 고찰

심승환(Shim Seung Hwan) 한국교육사상학회 (구 한국교육사상연구회) 2014 교육사상연구 Vol.28 No.3

The background of this study is the necessity of a new educational approach in the context of social changes and problems that cultural exchanges increase and many different values and positions of diverse social communities, races, organizations collide in multicultural, plural and global age. This study observed main issues and arguments of multicutural education and democratic citizenship and then discovered core relations and similarities between the two, finally showed the necessity of multicultural citizenship education in facing modern social changes and problems. First, multicultural education and democratic citizenship education both need the realization of equality in which all members of society are not discriminated and participate in decision making processes and educational practices. Second, both, challenging instrumental reason, value communication of different opinions and the process of deliberation rather than simply pursuing results. Finally, both aim to harmonize values and social practices of various communities and autonomous criticism and rational decision making ability. Today, the goal of education in pluralistic society should be the realization of multicultural education society in which members who achieve multicultural personality and deliberation ability mutually understand, communicate and learn different positions and opinions.