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      • KCI등재

        Effect of the end-of-life care law on life-sustaining treatment in emergency patients with advanced malignancy: a retrospective before-after study

        송은곤,김경수 대한응급의학회 2020 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

        Objective: This study examined the effects of the new law on life-sustaining treatment (LST) in emergency patients with advanced malignancy. Methods: This was a retrospective before-after study performed at a single hospital. The enrollment criteria were as follows: patients who visited the emergency department during the study period, age ≥18 years, Korean Triage and Acuity Scale 1-2 to enroll severely ill patients requiring LST, solid malignancy with metastasis, and admitted to the study hospital. The after group was defined as those enrolled in May 2018, and the before group was defined as those enrolled in May 2017. The primary outcomes were defined as LST, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Secondary outcomes were defined as each component of the primary outcomes, hospital length of stay, cost, and mortality. Results: Ninety-seven patients were enrolled (before group [n=46], after group [n=51]). LST was provided more frequently in the after group (19.6% vs. 47.1%, P=0.004). The ICU admission rate was higher (19.6% vs. 43.1%, P=0.013), and mechanical ventilation was applied more frequently (6.5% vs. 21.6%, P=0.044) in the after group. Furthermore, the median hospital length of stay (six-day vs. 11-day, P=0.016) was longer, and the median hospital cost was higher (3,777 USD vs. 7,882 USD, P<0.001) in the after group. Hospital mortality did not differ (19.6% vs. 35.3%, P=0.084). Conclusion: New end-of-life care law increased the rate of LST in emergency patients with advanced malignancy regardless of the improved survival rate.

      • KCI등재

        코로나-19 대유행의 만성화 후 응급실에 내원한 발열 환자의 특성

        이윤제,송은곤,표창해,박현경,박근홍,김한범,함은미,박진형,김지선,강샛별,곽문환,최동선,김지현 대한응급의학회 2023 대한응급의학회지 Vol.34 No.3

        Objective: This study examined the characteristics of patients visiting the emergency department (ED) with fever after the chronification of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the medical records of patients who visited the ED with fever from May 1 to October 31, 2021, and the corresponding period in 2019. This study was conducted at a single center in Seoul, Korea. Results: There was no statistical difference in the comorbidities of the patients of the two groups: the AC (after the COVID- 19 pandemic) group and the BC (before the COVID-19 pandemic) group. As for the level of consciousness at the time of ED arrival, there was a significantly larger decrease in consciousness (verbal response or less) in the AC group than in the BC group (P=0.002). In the case of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), the proportion was higher in the AC group in the moderate-risk and high-risk groups (P=0.003). The median time from symptom onset to ED arrival was 15.7 hours in the BC group and 13.8 hours in the AC group, and there was no significant difference (P=0.137). When leaving the ED, the AC group had a higher admission rate to the ward and intensive care unit than the BC group. There was no statistical difference in the in-hospital mortality between the two groups (2.9% and 2.4%, respectively; P=0.62). Conclusion: Patients who visited the emergency room with fever after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic showed a similar time from symptom onset to ED arrival compared to patients who visited before the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, there was no difference in in-hospital mortality among these patients compared to those with fever before the COVID-19 pandemic.

      • KCI등재

        코로나바이러스감염증-19 환자에서의 예후 평가에 있어 조기경고점수와 ROX index, CURB-65의 유용성

        고진철,김지선,표창해,박현경,박근홍,김한범,함은미,박진형,송은곤,강샛별,곽문환,최동선,김지현 대한응급의학회 2023 대한응급의학회지 Vol.34 No.1

        Objective: Early identification of COVID-19 in patients is important to prevent significant worsening of the disease. This study was undertaken to verify whether MEWS (Modified Early Warning Score), NEWS(National Early Warning Score), ROX index, and CURB-65, which are early diagnostic tools for severe respiratory diseases, could be applied to patients visiting the emergency room for COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients who visited an emergency medical center from September 1 to October 31, 2020, and from January 1 to February 28, 2021. Based on the vital signs and blood tests during the emergency room visit, severity evaluation tools and early diagnostic tools for severe cases were used and compared according to their area under the curve (AUC) values. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, while the secondary outcomes were intensive care unit admission rate and the need for mechanical ventilation based on these four tools (MEWS, NEWS, ROX index, and CURB-65). Results: A total of 667 patients were analyzed. No significant difference was determined between the non-survivor group and survivor group in the MEWS values (P=0.13), but statistically significant differences were observed for NEWS (5 vs. 1, P<0.05), CURB-65 (2 vs. 1, P<0.05), and ROX index (16.61 vs. 23.1, P<0.01). The AUC value of NEWS for death prediction indicated a good predictive power at 0.80, while that of MEWS showed a low predictive power at 0.57, which was statistically significant. Moreover, the AUC values of CURB-65 and ROX index did not differ significantly from values obtained for NEWS. Conclusion: As early diagnostic tools for predicting death in COVID-19 patients, NEWS, ROX index, and CURB-65 showed excellent discrimination ability, whereas MEWS showed statistically and significantly lower discrimination ability.

      • KCI등재

        Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Korea

        조재홍,함은미,표창해,박현경,박근홍,김한범,박진형,이유성,김지선,송은곤 대한응급의학회 2022 대한응급의학회지 Vol.32 No.6

        Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2, is a global concern. This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics, demographics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department (ED) and explore clinical predictors of in-hospital mortality. Methods: This single-center, retrospective, observational study used 1,003 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who went to the ED and were admitted to the hospital between February 28 and September 30, 2020. Results: The median age of the included patients was 55 (37-68) years, and 533 were women (53.1%). Severe COVID- 19 was noted in 173 patients (17.2%); seven patients (0.7%) received mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate was 2.1%. Multivariable Cox regression analysis found the risk factors associated with in-hospital death of patients (age >70 years [hazard ratio (HR), 27.411; P<0.001], albumin level <3.5 g/dL [HR, 12.273; P<0.001], CURB-65 [confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, 65 years of age and older] score ≥3 [HR, 10.137; P=0.002] and platelet count <100×109/L [HR, 3.281; P=0.024]) on admission. Conclusion: Age>70 years, hypoalbuminemia, CURB-65≥3 and thrombocytopenia on admission were independent risk factors for mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Early detection of these predictors and application of CURB- 65 score in the ED may provide guidance for appropriate risk stratification at triage and disposition of patients at increased risk of poor prognosis.

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