시설공사 입찰단가를 활용한 실적단가의 산정 방안에 관한 연구

강상혁,박원영,송순호,서종원,Kang, Sang-Hyeok,Park, Won-Young,Song, Soon-Ho,Seo, Jong-Won 한국건설관리학회 2006 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.7 No.5

우리나라의 공공 건설공사 예정가격 산정 근거로 사용되어 온 표준품셈은 다양한 시공환경, 공법, 기술수준 등에 따른 공사비의 변동을 현실적으로 반영하지 못하여 부실시공이나 과다비용의 산정과 같은 문제점이 대두되었다. 이에 정부는 표준품셈을 2004년부터 점차 축소하는 대신 실적공사비 제도를 단계적으로 도입키로 했다. 본 논문에서는 과거 낙찰되었던 계약단가 뿐 아니라 모든 입찰단가 자료를 활용하여 실적단가를 산출하기 위한 일련의 절차 및 방법론을 제시하였다. 본 절차에서 주요하게 다룬 사항은 신뢰성 있는 데이터 확보를 위해 저가입찰 등과 같은 전략적 입찰단가 추출에 대한 분석기준이다. 과거의 입찰단가 자료의 기술통계 결과를 바탕으로 두 차례에 걸쳐 전략적 입찰단가로 의심되는 통계적 이상치를 제거하고, 시간에 따른 보정을 통해 현가화하여 현재 활용가능한 실적단가를 산출하였다. 또한 입찰방식 및 예상낙찰률에 따른 입찰단가의 변동특성을 분석 악하여 실적단가 보정을 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 제안된 일련의 분석 및 산출 과정을 거쳐 현실성 있고, 시장성을 보다 충분히 반영할 수 있는 합리적인 예정가격의 산정이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. It was found that Korean Standard of Estimate which has been used as the only basis of cost estimate of public construction projects had some side effects such as jerry-build construction and over-estimation because it failed to reflect the current price and the state-of-the-art construction methods in a changing construction environment. Therefore, the government decided to gradually introduce historical construction cost into cost estimate of public construction projects from 2004. This paper presents analytic criteria and a process model for deducing more current and reasonable historical construction cost for contract items from not only previous contract prices but also all of the other bid prices that were not contracted. The procedure of estimating actual unit cost proposed in this paper focuses on the removal of abnormal values including strategically too low or high prices and the time correction. In addition, basic research is conducted for the correction of actual unit cost through the analysis of fluctuation of bid price depending on bidding types and rates of successful bid. It is anticipated that the effective use of the proposed process model for estimating actual unit cost would make the cost estimation more current and reasonable.

나노 입자를 이용한 PCB 기반 후막 가스 센서

박성호,이충일,송순호,김용준,Park, Sung-Ho,Lee, Chung-Il,Song, Soon-Ho,Kim, Yong-Jun 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2007 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This paper presented a low-cost thick film gas sensor module, which was based on simple PCB (Printed Circuit Board) process. The proposed sensor module included a $NO_2/H_2$ gas sensor, a relative humidity sensor, and a heating element. The $NO_2/H_2$ gas and relative humidity sensors were realized by screen-printing $SnO_2,\;BaTiO_3$ nano-powders on IDTS (Interdigital Transducer) of a PCB substrate, respectively. At first 1% $H_2$ gas flowed into the sensor chamber. After 4 min, air filled the chamber while $H_2$ gas flow stopped. This experiment was performed repeatedly. The Identical procedure was used for the $NO_2$ detection. The result for sensing $H_2$ gas showed the increase of voltage from 0.8V to 3.5V due to the conductance increase and its reaction response time by hydrogen flow was 65 sec. $NO_2$ sensing results showed 2.7 V voltage drop due to the conductance decrease and its response time was 3 sec through a voltage monitoring. 간단한 PCB 공정을 기반으로 하여 저가형의 후막 가스 센서 모듈을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 센서 모듈은 $NO_2/H_2$ 가스 센서와 습도센서, 그리고 히터를 포함한다. $NO_2/H_2$ 가스와 상대 습도 센서들은 각각 $SnO_2$와 $BaTiO_3$ 나노 입자들을 PCB 기판에서의 IDT(interdigital Transducer)에 프린팅 함으로써 제작되었다. 처음에 1% $H_2$ 가스를 센서 쳄버에 공급하고 4분 후 $H_2$가스 공급을 멈추고 공기를 주입시켰으며, 이러한 동작을 반복적으로 수행하였다. 마찬가지로 $NO_2$로 감지하도록 같은 동작을 실행하였다. $H_2$ 가스에 대한 결과는 도전성의 증가로 인하여 0.8V에서 3.5V로 증가함을 볼 수 있었으며, $H_2$ 가스를 주입한후의 반응 시간은 65초였다. $NO_2$ 가스의 경우는 도전성이 감소함으로써 2.7 V의 전압강하가 일어 났으며, 반응시간은 3초였다.

단일 채널 DPF를 이용한 SiC와 Cordierite의 PM 포집 특성 비교 연구

최주환(Ju Hwan Choi),송순호(Soon Ho Song),전광민(Kwang Min Chun) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The objective of this study is to compare SiC with Cordierite through analyzing correlation between the particulate mass and pressure drop at the same condition. Also the hydrodynamic resistance factor was used to describe the characteristics of the SiC and Cordierite DPF filtration process using a single channel. The hydrodynamic resistance factor (κχρ) has been regarded as the most important parameter in the modeling of DPF since the soot mass deposited within DPF can be expressed as a linear equation of the pressure drop and κχρ. The hydrodynamic resistance factor can be obtained by the one dimensional Darcy's law. And partial flow system which controls temperature and flow rate independently and measures soot mass directly was designed. From the experiment, SiC causes less pressure drop and more permeability than Cordierite. Hydrodynamic resistance factors obtained by measuring pressure drop and soot mass, can be used to compare soot loading property in SiC and Cordierite DPF.

단일 채널 DPF를 이용한 PM 포집량과 배압간의 특성 연구

윤찬식(Chan sik Yoon),송순호(Soon Ho Song),전광민(Kwang Min Chun) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The objectives of this research are to elucidate the filtration process and to provide a correlation between the particulate mass and pressure drop. The accumulated particulate mass is the most important parameter to determine the start of DPF regeneration. In this study, measurements and analysis of the soot mass and pressure drop were performed to achieve the research objectives. Particulate mass was measured using a tissuquartz glass fiber filter and the pressure drop was measured using the single channel DPF system which was specially designed to control flow rate and temperature independently. The soot mass and the pressure drop, which was calculated for the cake layer of particulates and the ceramic wall by the one dimensional Darcy뭘law, were used to obtain the hydrodynamic resistance factors and the pressure drop of cake layer due to soot mass deposited on unit area. From the results, the pressure drop was observed to increase as the approach velocity increased and was expressed as a function of soot mass, approach velocity and DPF geometry.

2단 분류층 가스화기에서 합성가스 생성을 위한 석탄 슬러리 가스화에 대한 수치 해석적 연구

서동균(Seo, Dong-Kyun),이선기(Lee, Sun-Ki),송순호(Song, Soon-Ho),황정호(Hwang, Jung-Ho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2007 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

Oxy-gasification or oxygen-blown gasification, enables a clean and efficient use of coal and opens a promising way to co₂ capture. The coal gasification process of a slurry feed type, entrained-flow coal gasifier was numerically predicted in this paper. The purposes of this study are to develop an evaluation technique for design and performance optimization of coal gasifiers using a numerical simulation technique, and to confirm the validity of the model. By dividing the complicated coal gasification process into several simplified stages such as slurry evaporation, coal devolatilization, mixture fraction model and two-phase reactions coupled with turbulent flow and two-phase heat transfer, a comprehensive numerical model was constructed to simulate the coal gasification process. The influence of turbulence on the gas properties was taken into account by the PDF (Probability Density Function) model. A numerical simulation with the coal gasification model is performed on the Conoco-Philips type gasifier for IGCC plant. Gas temperature distribution and product gas composition are also presented. Numerical computations were performed to assess the effect of variation in oxygen to coal ratio and steam to coal ratio on reactive flow field. The concentration of major products, CO and H2 were calculated with varying oxygen to coal ratio (0.2-1.5) and steam to coal ratio(0.3-0.7). To verify the validity of predictions, predicted values of CO and H2 concentrations at the exit of the gasifier were compared with previous work of the same geometry and operating points. Predictions showed that the CO and H2 concentration increased gradually to its maximum value with increasing oxygen-coal and hydrogen-coal ratio and decreased. When the oxygen-coal ratio was between 0.8 and 1.2, and the steam-coal ratio was between 0.4 and 0.5, high values of CO and H2 were obtained. This study also deals with the comparison of CFD (Computational Flow Dynamics) and STATNJAN results which consider the objective gasifier as chemical equilibrium to know the effect of flow on objective gasifier compared to equilibrium. This study makes objective gasifier divided into a few ranges to study the evolution of the gasification locally. By this method, we can find that there are characteristics in the each scope divided.

바이오가스를 이용한 가스엔진 발전기의 발전효율 및 질소산화물 배출 특성

이경택(Lee, Kyung-Taek),차효석(Cha, Hyo-Seok),전광민(Chun, Kwang-Min),송순호(Song, Soon-Ho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

Concern for new and renewable energy is growing globally. Biogas is one of the alternative fuels and consists of methane and carbon dioxide. It is difficult to achieve efficient engine operation due to a lower heating value of biogas compared to that of natural gas. In order to improve generating efficiency, finding an optimum point of ignition timing and excess air ratio is important. From this fact, generating efficiency and pollutant emissions of 2300cc gas engine generator operated by biogas as functions of ignition timings and excess air ratios were investigated in this study. As a test result, the generating efficiency of the gas engine generator using biogas was 27.34 % in the condition of the BTDC of 16? and the excess air ratio of 1.4.

Lab-scale 반응기에서 RPF 열분해 가스의 가스화에 의한 합성 가스의 생성에 대한 연구

배수우(Bae, Su-Woo),서동균(Seo, Dong-Kyun),강필선(Kang, Pil-Sun),송순호(Song, Soon-Ho),류태우(Yu, Tae-U),황정호(Hwang, Jung-Ho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2007 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

This paper provides RPF (Refuse Plastics Fuel) gasification characteristics for generating synthesis gas in gasfying reactor which was design in lab-scale. This research is carried out as an immediate work for making pyrolysis gas from RPF into energy resource. This study is consisted of experimental and numerical. The numerical study was accomplished from RPF pyrolysis data, and predicted the maximum operating conditions by STANJAN and FLEUNT. Based on results of STANJAN, it is found that the maximum point of O₂/O_{2,stoich}=20{sim}30, which is used as injection point of O₂. Experiment results shows that CO and H₂ were increased but THC was decreased as temperature was increased. It is estimated that the cracking of cracking of THC into CO and H2 is happened at a high temperature. It is observed that as steam was injected, production of CO and H2 were increased, then, H2 is dependent on the amount of injectionsteam.

입찰단가에 기초한 실적공사비 산정방안

강상혁(Kang Sang Hyeok),서종원(Seo Jong Won),박원영(Park Won Young),송순호(Song Soon Ho) 대한토목학회 2006 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.10

디젤 연료 개질 반응 시 공간속도에 따른 수소 발생에 관한 실험적 연구

조윤범(Yoon Beom Jo),전광민(Kwang Min Chun),송순호(Soon Ho Song) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

The goal of this study is to assess the hydrogen production rate according to the SV (space velocity) while the CPOX (Catalytic partial oxidation) reforming is activated. The reforming catalyst , 1 wt% Rh/CeO ₂-ZrO ₂, was coated on the honeycomb ceramic monolith substrate. The catalyst substrate volume was 0.9L. The partial flow rate of the exhaust gas through the reformer was set at 100, 150, 200, 300, 400LPM, respectively. The partial flow gas temperature at the catalyst was set about 250℃. The injected fuel which would be mixed with the partial exhaust gas flows into the catalyst. The most effective hydrogen production rate was proved to happen when the partial exhaust gas was 100LPM at C/O=1. As the SV has increased, the hydrogen production rate has decreased and the catalyst temperature has increased.

1982~1984년의 임상검체에서 분리한 Aeromonas hydrophila 61예

김대근 ( Dae Keun Kim ),박종윤 ( Jong Yoon Park ),송순호 ( Soon Ho Song ),최철석 ( Cheol Seok Choi ),이기림 ( Gi Rim Lee ),박기순 ( Ki Sun Park ),이원 ( Won Lee ) 대한임상검사과학회 1985 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.17 No.1

Aeromonas hydrophi1a is found in natural water source and is recognized increasingly in focal and systemic infection in man. During 36 months from January 1982 to December 1984, Aeromonas hydrophila are isolated from 61 patients. We analysed and reviewed c1inical or Laboratory data on 61 cases. The summarizations are as follows: 1. Most of Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated from traumatic acquired or infected wounds. 2. Most of patients had the underlying diseases such as malignant diseases, hepatobiliary diseases or Chronic debilitating diseases. 3. Most of the cases were isolated with others Gram negative bacilli. 4. The most of the antibiotic antimicrobial agents, such as amikacin, minocycline, gentamicin, sisomycin and tobramycin were highly sensitive but most of strains were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin and carbenicillin.