하라 다미키(原民喜) 「여름꽃」 시론

서재곤 일본어문학회 2017 일본어문학 Vol.78 No.-

Tamiki Hara was born when the imperialism of Japan substantially started after the country’s victory of the Russo Japanese War. Hara had the sense of inferiority about his own name Tamiki as well as the fact that the Hara family became rich due to their business concerning military materials. Perhaps because of this, Hara wrote up Natsu no Hana, a literary work depicting the tragedy resulting from the explosion of atomic bombs, immediately after Japan was defeated. The literature of atomic bombs constitutes a unique literary genre which exists only in Japan, a sole country where atomic bombs were actually dropped. In the process of creating literary works, Tamiki Hara and other writers of the atomic bomb literature had to endure the “double agony of radiation exposure,” which includes not only the actual exposure to radiation but also the process whereby they need to remember the tragic history. Furthermore, they were concerned with the fear of death and with the sense of guilty arising from the fact that they alone survived the war. The main character of Natsu no Hana miraculously survived the war despite the explosion of an atomic bomb, and decided to write about the unimaginable tragedy and agony of those who died or was seriously injured by atomic bombs and the town of Hiroshima which was instantly devastated entirely. In this writing process, Hara got angry with people’s “stupidity” and wrote about the terrible situation of “Shin Jigoku” (new hell) in a single poem. In order to achieve the literary condensation of radiation exposure and to express it, Tamiki Hararesorted to the genre of poetry and the katakana notation. 原民喜は、日露戦争に勝利した後、本格的に日本が帝国主義の道を歩き始める時に生まれた。「民喜」という自分の名前と、原家が軍事物資の納品で富を築いたことに対する負い目を感じていた。そのせいかもしれないが、原は、敗戦後、いち早く被爆の惨状を描いた「夏の花」を書き上げ、発表しようとした。 原爆文学は世界で唯一の被爆国である日本にしか存在しない特殊な文学ジャンルである。原民喜をはじめ、原爆文学者たちは自己体験の作品化の過程の中で、再び、過去の辛い記憶を思い出さなければならないという<二重の被爆の苦痛>に耐えなければならなかった。それだけでなく、いつ、自分に訪れるかもしれない死の恐怖と自分だけ生き残ったという罪悪感に苛まれていた。 「夏の花」の主人公は、原爆の爆発の時、奇跡的に生き残り、死者と被爆者たちの想像を絶する悲惨な姿と苦痛、一瞬にして壊滅した広島の町を書き残す決心をする。その過程で、人間の「愚劣」に対する怒りを感じ、「新地獄」の惨状を一篇の詩にまとめる。被爆というモチーフの文学的凝縮と表出のため、詩というジャンルとカタカナという表現媒体が必要であった。

鮎川信夫研究 - 「死」の表象を中心に -

서재곤 일본어문학회 2009 일본어문학 Vol.46 No.-

本稿では現代日本の代表詩人である鮎川信夫の詩に現れている「死」の表現様相について考察した。 まず、いわゆる「15年戦争」とからむ戦争体験が彼の詩的基層を成していた。死が日常化しつつある状況の中で、<死への馴致による死と生の混在>という詩的方法が確立されていた。 次に、戦争で死んだ死者たちの象徴として「M」と死にそこなった自分という構図の中で、<死者の代行者としての自己定位>が行われていた。また、鮎川が「戦争で死んだM」のことを繰り返し書き続けたのは、一種の 「フラッシュバック」であり、そして「死」をテーマにした詩を創り続けたのは、「死の衝動」のデフォルメであった。 しかし、鮎川の「死への傾斜」には個人の死の集合体としての文化という彼特有の文化観が反映されており、それをモノローグしようとするとき、一番有効な詩的戦略が「死の衝動」による戦争体験の言説化、つまり、<あの時>へのフラッシュバックであった。

정상 및 병적상태의 말초신경 조직에 대한 Lectin의 결합에 관한 조직화학적 연구

서재곤,최종상,이대일 고려대학교 의과대학 1990 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.27 No.1

Lectins have been used extensively in the study of normal and pathologically altered cells. However, report of lectin binding to human peripheral nerves is hard to find and to establish whether lectin histochemistry could be applied to differentiate the normal and pathologically altered nerve tissues, a study using 9 lectins-Concanavalin A(Con-A), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin( DBA), Helix pomatia agglutinin( HPA), Maclura pomifera agglutinin(MPA), Peanut agglutinin(PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I( RCA-I), Soybean agglutinin(SBA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I(UEA-I), and Wheat germ agglutinin( WGA) was performed. Tissues used were obtained from surgical specimens from patients with gastric ulcer, acute suppurative appendicitis, empyema of gallbladder, ischemic necrosis of jejunum, traumatic neuroma, neurilemmoma, and neurofibroma. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Con-A, RCA-I, and WGA showed positive reactions onto normal, traumatic and proliferative nerve fibers and epineurium. 2. MPA showed positive reaction onto the epineurium of the normal and neurofibroma, the ganglion cells in the jejunum of ischemic necrosis. 3. Con- A, MPA, RCA-I, and WGA showed positive reaction to the ganglion cells.

西條八十の戦争詩研究

서재곤 일본어문학회 2020 일본어문학 Vol.90 No.-

The present article analyses the war poems which had been produced by Yaso Saijo until the time when Sino-Japanese war occurred. Firstly, “Byakkotai” (included in Shonen Sishu) was written to encourage loyalty of boys as future soldiers to the nation. Secondly, KokuminShishu was published at the time when a military conflict was about to begin in earnest in mainland China. The poems included in this poem book describe the awareness of the citizens of “Sacred Japan” about “dignity” and “the children of the emperor.” Furthermore, the poem book also includes the poems which reveal the contemporality between the movement of dedicating “Aikokugo” to the nation and the battels in Manchuria. Finally, Saijo joined an army three times, and this experience gave birth to Shonen AikokuShishu and Senka-niUtau. In these works, Saijo not only describes the ceremony where the soldiers entered Nanking after Battle of Nanking but also mentions the episodes of military horses, dogs, and pigeons to conceptualise them as loyalty to the nation. Also, some of his works are propagandistic, representing the attitude of children in the wartime and the resolution of bereaved families. Furthermore, his works display a prototype of “war poem” during Asia-Pacific War, employing difficult Chinese expressions and admiring suicide attacks. 本稿では西條八十の日中戦争期までの戦争詩を考察した。 まず、東アジアが激動の時代を迎えようとする時期に刊行された『少年詩集』の「白虎隊」は、将来の予備兵力である少年たちの国への忠誠心を鼓舞するために書かれたものである。 次に、『国民詩集』は中国本土での武力衝突が本格化する中で刊行された。「聖日本」の国民たる「矜持」と「天皇の赤子」としての自覚が詠まれていた。さらに、愛国号献納運動と満州での戦闘の様子という同時代性を浮彫りにする作品も含まれていた。 そして、西條の3度の従軍から生れたのが『少年愛国詩集』と『戦火にうたふ』である。南京入城式と兵士たちの活躍談を作品化しているだけでなく、軍馬․軍犬․軍鳩のエピソードも、祖国への忠誠に昇華させようとしていた。また、戦時下での子供の心構えと、遺族の覚悟というプロパガンダー的作品も見られた。それだけでなく、難解な漢語の使用と自爆攻撃の讚美という、アジア太平洋戦争期の「戦争詩」の原型も見られた。

日中戦争勃発後の日本詩壇研究 - 詩誌「日本詩壇」の戦争特集号を中心に -

서재곤 일본어문학회 2018 일본어문학 Vol.83 No.-

In this article, we explore the effects of the Japan-China War on the Japanese poetry circle, focusing on the analysis of the special issue in war of Nihon Shidan, published in November 1937. This special issue consists of two parts: “authors’ thoughts on the wartime” and “war-featured poems.” In the former part, the authors admit that the war became “people’s experience” and stimulated people’s “emotion.” Their opinions, however, vary with regard to the “cultural significance” of the war, the symbolic “agony” of the time, the possibility that it may become “the new impulse of creation,” and so on. They, however, agreed that the war-featured poetry may lose the eternity of art and may also become “temporary literature,” “cheap, ideological war-featured poetry,” and “trivial sophistication.” Next, the depiction of battlefield scenes as well as the dead and injured during the war constituted the most important themes for poetry. Furthermore, it is suggested that simulated experiences through the popular visual medium of the time, called “news movie,” served as a basis for the creation of war poetry. We find a number of poems which portray the everyday affairs where people were sent to battlefields and also some poems which were created from the perspective of women. 本稿では日中戦争が日本詩壇に及ぼした影響を、1937年11月に刊行された詩誌「日本詩壇」戦争特集号を中心に考察した。「日本詩壇」戦争特集号は「戦時に際しての感想」と「戦時を主題とせる詩篇」の2部からなっていた。「戦時に際しての感想」パートでは、戦争が「国民全般の体験」になって人々の「感情」を刺激している現状を執筆者達は認めていた。しかし、戦争の「文化的意義」、時代の「苦悩」としての象徴性、「新しい創造のインパルス」になれる可能性など、何を基軸にすべきかについては、認識の差が見られた。しかし、時流に便乗しようとして芸術としての永遠性を失い、「一時的文学」「安つぽいイデオロギーの戦争詩」「安易なソフイステイケイシヨン」になる危険性については同じく警告を発していた。 次に、戦場風景の描写と戦闘中の死亡と負傷は戦争詩の最も重要な素材であった。また、「ニュース映画」という當時流行りの視覚媒体による疑似体験が戦争詩創作の基盤になっていたことが証明された。日常化する召集と出征風景を描いた詩が多かったし、難解な漢語を多用している詩も、女性独自の視線のものも含まれていた。

Soft Tissue Balancing of Varus Arthritic Knee in Minimally Invasive Surgery Total Knee Arthroplasty: Comparison between Posterior Oblique Ligament Release and Superficial MCL Release

서재곤,문영완,조병철,김양태,박상훈 대한슬관절학회 2013 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: To assess proper soft tissue balancing of the varus arthritic knee between posterior oblique ligament (POL) release group and superficial medial collateral ligament (SMCL) release group. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 186 patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery (MIS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from January 2011 to December 2011. Eighty-three patients were in the group of SMCL release and 103 patients were in the POL release group. We intended to use a 10 mm polyethylene insert (PE) during TKA, and retrospectively compared the actual thickness of PE between POL release group and SMCL release group. Results: The mean PE thickness was 10.59±1.3 mm (range, 8 to 15 mm) in POL group and 11.88±1.8 mm (range, 10 to 18 mm) in SMCL group (p=0.001). We found a significant difference in the mean PE thickness between POL release group and SMCL release group. Conclusions: POL and deep MCL releases in MIS-TKA would be beneficial for varus deformity correction in the osteoarthritic knee.

Augmentation with Transcortical Wiring of an Onlay-type Prosthesis for a Defi cient Patella during Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

서재곤,문영완,임승재,Ji-Soon Lim,Sang-Min Kim 대한정형외과학회 2012 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.4 No.2

The management of patellae with a severe bony deficiency during revision total knee arthroplasty is a challenging problem. However, using a technique of augmentation with transcortical wiring of an onlay-type prosthesis allowed the authors to revise adefi cient patellae successfully. After making the decision to revise the existing patellar component, the procedure was found to betechnically straightforward. Furthermore, the procedure does not require sophisticated instruments, only an onlay-type prosthesis,cement and wires. This technique entails fi xing wires to the three pegs of the patellar component, passing the wires through drillholes in the anterior cortex and, after compression of a cemented prosthesis, augmenting the fi xation by twisting the wires anteriorly. We believe that stable fi xation and painless articulation will be obtained with the described technique for defi cient patellae.

萩原朔太郞の<エレナ>考 - 聖・淫の両性具有性を中心に -

徐載坤 한국일본학회 2000 日本學報 Vol.45 No.-

전전(戰前)의 하라 다미키 연구

서재곤 일본어문학회 2018 일본어문학 Vol.81 No.-

In this article, we target hardly researched Hara Tamiki’s pre-war works that were produced in his practice-period (especially, those works included in “family fanzines” or kazoku doujinshi), and explore how the prototype of his works had been formed and what effects it had upon the literary world since then. Firstly, when Hara was a primary school student, he started to write diaries spontaneously and also to be engaged in activities of “family fanzines” (or kazoku doujinshi), which led him to enter the literary world. In particular, the works produced while he was engaged in family fanzine activities constitute the prototype of Hara’s literature, deeply underlay by his reminiscent memory of festivals as a child, where the living and the dead coexisted. Hara also depicted the world of different dimensions, where his deceased family members revive and behave in the same manner as they did when they were alive. The theme of his works was even extended to the self-segregation, or doppelganger.

How to Minimize Rotational Conflict between Femoral & Tibial Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty –The Use of Femoro-Tibial Axial Synchronizer (Linker)–

서재곤,박상훈,문영완,김상민 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between rotationalaxes of femur and tibia with the use of Linker. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out from August 2009 to February 2010 on 54 patients (106 knees), who were diagnosed with simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty. With the use of postoperative computed tomography scans, it was investigatedhow much the rotational angle of femoral and tibial components matched. Results: The tibial component was internally rotated for the femoral component at an angle of 0.8°. The femoral component was externally rotated for the surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA) at an angle of 1.6 (range: from 4.8° of internal rotationto 7.9° of external rotation, SD=2.2°), and the tibial component was externally rotated for the surgical TEA at an average angle of 0.9 (range: from 5.1° of internal rotation to 8.3° of external rotation, SD=3.1°). Conclusion: The femoro-tibial synchronizerhelped to improve the orientation and positioning of both femoral componentand tibial component, and also increase the correlation of the rotational axes of the two components.