국가긴급권과 제주 4.3. 민주항쟁

백윤철(Baek, Yun-Chul) 한양법학회 2018 漢陽法學 Vol.29 No.3

The Constitution is the supreme law on the rights and obligations of the people and the organization and their actions, and the governing body is responsible for ensuring the people`s basic rights to enhance them or enhance them. Therefore, the modern welfare state, active people`s basic rights is the current constitution based on principles of national or state of war or equivalent in biophysical science, I need to ensure the maximum. The economy occurs, such as Great Depression, president and governing body and protect the Constitution, in order to protect the Constitution as a means of existence can invoke a national emergency power. These national emergency power, while ensuring the full basic rights of the people in the event of an urgent situation to the fast must end as soon as possible. The long-term right is necessary to preserve the existence of the state and constitutional order in the event of emergency situations, such as wars, civil wars, and economic crisis that can not be dealt with by ordinary constitutional government bodies. The fact that a constitutional impediment can be solved by the normal method set by the Constitution distinguishes it from emergencies. Staatsnotrecht extraordinary powers of the president or not, Depending on the means of protecting the basic rights of the Constitution limited exceptions can not and can be. Today, the nature of national emergency power to extraordinary powers of the president without emergency safeguards or the protection of the constitution will make themselves understood in terms.to exist. And it looked at the martial law, one of the country`s oldest nations, and its representative countries discussed France and Germany as the countries in Britain, the United States, and the legal system of the continent. This time Lee during the war, the president the name of the National Security is about the measures and, for the exercise, process and for the legitimate extent. National emergency power in the discussion is important to look at, food, and about how many civilians and innocent people were slaughtered by this, it is. Under the guise of being stability of the United States Army Military Government with the extension of the Lee Seung-man administration was be a national emergency power. Looking at the recent Jeju 4.3. Democracy Movement, I think it is a timely topic to discuss the nation`s long-term fiscal authority. I would like to take a broad look at the nation`s long-term power and discuss important issues during the Jeju 4.3.. 4.19. Revolution of 1960, the Lee Seung-man administration is resignation, the government to second base after his apology, compensation for victims, but 5.16 coup d’État, Jeju-city, Jeju-do, Korea by 4.3. The democratic resistance Incapable of speech military regimes in honor of Jeju`s residents, this is not revive, Kim Dae-jung, No Mu-hyeon and Moon Jae-in the truth and truth by the president. Fame of Jeju`s residents, and recovery, but still the spiritual and physical damage compensation to be desired. I believe that a full compensation and honor recovery should be made for this.

헌법상 환자의 의료정보에 대한 권리에 관한 연구 - 미국의 HIPAA프라이버시규칙을 중심으로 -

백윤철(Baek Yun-Chul) 한국헌법학회 2005 憲法學硏究 Vol.11 No.3

The focus of this thesis is the protection of personal medical information in America. The HIPAA in America is important guide. The HIPAA regulations are transforming how providers and insurers think about the individually identifiable health information they create and receive every minute of every day. The notices and acknowledgments called for by the regulation are also awakening patients and insureds to the path information about them takes as they are cared for and seek payment for that care. The Practical Guide to HIPAA Privacy and Security Compliance is designed to help you understand what HIPAA is about, what it requires, what you can do to work toward compliance, and ho you can maintain compliance on an ongoing basis. We have designed this thesis as the one-stop, "how-to" reference for real-world HIPAA privacy and security advice that you can immediately apply to your organization's unique and specific situation. This thesis describes the HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules and compliance tasks in easy-to-understand language. We do not focus on technical and legal theory and jargon but rather lay out what you actually need to do according to the final HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules to become compliant. HIPAA is very complex. Privacy and security are also very complex. Given that, we do not claim to have coverage in this thesis on every possible topic or nuance related to these subjects. Our goal, though, is to provide you with guidance on the HIPAA requirements and more commonly discussed topics. We also provide you with a number of checklists and other reference materials that will help you got started down the compliance path and point you in the right direction for references and resources when you need them in the future.

헌법상(憲法上) 개인정보자기결정권(個人情報自己決定權)에 관한 연구

백윤철 ( Yun Chul Baek ) 법조협회 2002 法曹 Vol.51 No.5

通信의 自由와 電子的 侵害

백윤철(Baek Yun-Chul) 한국헌법학회 2004 憲法學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

The focus of this thesis is the protection of 'Secret of the Information Communication about the Electricity Communication' in Korea Recently, personal information incidents such as wiretapping, hacking and cyber terror etc. have become worse and its scope is gradually expanding As a result, the incident effect of national critical information and communication infrastructure is threatening national economy as we]] as national defense. and government officials continue to maintain that the code division multiple access (CDMA) method of encrypting data makes bugging mobile phones impossible But m the meantime it's become known that the government also went and recommended to government agencies and regional government bodies that they start using a special kind of mobile phone device, one that can't be listened to by third parties This demonstrates the government's duplicity. Back in March, when he Was receiving an official report from the Ministry of Justice, President Roh Moo-hyun directed prosecutors to "make It perfectly clear" as to whether such eavesdropping is possible The prosecution went so far as to engage in a rare on-site Visit to the National Intelligence Service, and called in experts to carry-out laboratory tests. To this day, however, it has not given any sort of responsible explanation about what the possibilities and dangers are. If wiretapping has occurred, then those involved should be found and punished If not, then it should at least put the people's fears to rest. When the wiretapping which makes use of personal informations about Information and Communication Network or Information System is acted on the important Information System that makes basis of these national critical information and communication infrastructures, serious damages in dusorder of the nation's livelihood or social and economic activity, danger of the nation life etc. have some apprehension The constitution guarantees freedom of communication as a basic fight Intrusions on this cannot be overlooked simply for the vague reason that there are investigations into communist activity

프랑스 합헌성 우선문제에 관한 연구

백윤철(Baek, Yun-Chul) 한국토지공법학회 2019 土地公法硏究 Vol.87 No.-

프랑스에서는 1789년의 대혁명에 의해 국민주권과 권력분립의 원리가 확립됨에 따라 위헌법률심사제는 부정되다가 제5공화국헌법의 헌법재판소에 의한 법률, 조약, 의회의사규칙 등에 사전적 합헌성심사를 할 수 있게 되었다. 즉, 이는 법률이 공포되기 전에 그위헌 여부를 심사하여 위헌으로 판단되는 경우에는 그 공포와 시행을 유보하는 제도를 말한다. 법률이 일단 시행된 후에 무효로 되면 그 법적 안정성을 해칠 수 있기 때문에 이제도를 채택하는 의의가 있다. 그러나 이러한 제도는 2008년 7월 23일 시행된 대폭적인 제5공화제 헌법의 수정과 더불어 위헌항변에 의한 법률의 사후적 합헌성 심사가 도입되 었다. 이를 사후적 위헌법률심사 내지 합헌성 우선문제라고 한다. 이에 의해 프랑스에서는 법률의 헌법성 심사에 두 가지 방법이 존재하게 되었다. 즉 기존의 사전심사와 이 개정에 의해 도입된 사후심사가 그것이다. 하지만 이 사후심사는 위헌항변에 의거한 방법이 라고는 하지만, 말하자면 미국형의 부수적 위헌 심사제와는 다르다. 즉, 프랑스의 사전적위헌법률심사가 2008년 7월 22일 헌법 개정으로 2010년 3월 1일부터 법률에 대한 사후적규범통제가 가능하게 되었다. 새로이 신설된 헌법 제61-1조는 기존의 사전합헌심사제도와 더불어 현재 시행중인 법률에 대한 위헌심판절차를 규정하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 QCA를 도입하게 된 역사를 검토하고 그 도입의 의의를 고찰함과 동시에 이 제도의 개요를 설명하고자 한다. In France, the unconstitutional law review system was denied as the principle of national sovereignty and separation of power was established by the Great Revolution of 1789. In other words, as a result of the revolution, sovereignty was transferred to the people, and in reality, the body exercising it was the parliament, and the judicial body s examination of the Parliamentary Law was naturally against the principle of national sovereignty and separation of powers. On top of that, the Constitutional Court could not be recognized because the court had a conservative nature that hindered social reform and the judge was distrusted that he was making arbitrary trials. If the law is declared null and void once it is put into effect, there will be not much social confusion involved. To this end, a pre-qualification review can be made on laws, treaties, and rules of association under the Constitutional Court of the Fifth Republic of France. In other words, this refers to a system that examines the unconstitutional nature of a law before it is promulgated, and thus withholds its fear and enforcement if it is deemed unconstitutional. It is meaningful to adopt the system because once the law is enacted and nullified, it could undermine its legal stability. However, such a system was introduced in addition to the drastic amendment of the Fifth Republic Constitution, which took effect on July 23, 2008, to review the post-constitutional constitution of the law. This is referred to as a matter of post-constitutional review or constitutionality priority (QPC). This led to the existence of two methods in the review of the constitutionality of laws in France. The existing pre-examination and the post-examination introduced by the amendment. However, although this review is said to be a method based on the unconstitutionality, it is different from the U.S.-type secondary system. In other words, France s preliminary review of unconstitutional laws was made possible with the amendment of the Constitution on July 22, 2008, enabling the post-regulatory regulation of laws from March 1, 2010. Article 61-1 of the newly established Constitution stipulates unconstitutional judgment procedures for the current law in force, along with the existing pre-constitutional review system. In this paper, we will review the history of introducing QCA and review the significance of its introduction, while explaining the outline of this system.

보도연맹사건에 관한 연구

백윤철(Baek, yun-chul) 세계헌법학회 한국학회 2009 世界憲法硏究 Vol.15 No.2

국민보도연맹사건은 년 1945 일본으로부터 해방된 이후 남북이 각각 서로 다른 이데올로기에 의하여 갈리면서 발생한 가장 대표적인 사건이라 할 수 있다. 이 보도연맹사건의 배경을 파악하기 위한 그동안 연구가 상당히 많이 진전되고 축 적되었으나, 보도연맹사건에 있어서 당시 우리 사회가 안고 있던 정치적·사회적 배경에 대해서 심층적 분석은 그리 많지 않다. 특히 보도연맹사건은 6·25전쟁 전후 복잡한 정치현실과 전쟁이란 특수상황 속에서 발생한 사건이란 점에서 관 점과 시각에 따라 다양한 분석이 가능하다는 점이 있다. 그리고 국민보보연맹사건은 국민의 기본권 특히 헌법상 기본권보장에서 문제가 되는에 본 논문에서는 이에 대한 관계를 기술하였으면, 국민보도연맹사건은 여러 연구에서 이승만 정부 를 중심으로 그 배경을 분석하였다.이런 분석에 의하면 사건의 배경으로 이승만 정부의 좌익 세력에 대한 강력한 부정적 의식과 당시에 여전히 남아있던 일제시대의 유산, 그리고 유교적 전통사회의 영향 등에서 찾고 있다. 그렇지만 이 사건의 배경은 그런 정신적 요소보다는 현실적으로 당시 우리 사회가 안고 있었던 정치적 상황에 의하여 나타난 문제가 제일 컸다고 할 수 있다. 또한 현실적으로 이념적으로 나뉜 상태에서 상대방에 대한 경계심을 내부에 활용하려는 것도 무 시할 수 없는 상황이었다. 하지만 무엇보다도 민주주의를 기반으로 민주국가를 건설한 대한민국과 사회주의와 공산주의를 근간으로 하는 북한과의 대립에서 민주주의를 수호하기 위하여 좌익세력을 척결하는 것이 무엇보다도 요구되었다는 것이 보도연맹사건의 중요한 배경이었다고 볼 수 있다. The Bodo League Massacre was a massacre that occurred in the summer of 1950 during the Korean War. Estimates vary of the death toll, while police records estimate around 10,000 deaths, the truth commission has said there may be more and according to Prof. Kim Dong-Choon, Commissioner of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, at least 100,000 people were executed for the suspicion of supporting communism. In the run up to the Korean War the first president of South Korea, Syngman Rhee had about 30,000 alleged communists in his jails, and had about 300,000 suspected sympathizers enrolled in an official "re-education" movement known as the Bodo League. When Kim Il-sung's communist army attacked from the North in June of 1950, starting the Korean War, retreating South Korean forces and anti communist groups executed the alleged-communist prisoners, along with many of the Bodo League members. Discoveries in 2008 in Daejon, South Korea (among other sites) of trenches of executed children, leftist civilians and Communist sympathizers have opened a long silent chapter of South Korean history unknown to most South Korean civilians. South Korea's Truth and Reconciliation Commission documented testimonies of those who are still alive and took part in the executions, including former Daejon prison guard Lee Joon-young. As the country addressed a long suppressed part of its history which took place between 1950-51 reports were released in various articles that General Douglas MacArthur called the killings "An internal South Korean matter" at that time. Besides images now revealed of the unopened execution trench sites, the National Archives in Washington D.C. released declassified photographs of U.S. soldiers at execution sites including Daejon, confirming American military knowledge and involvement.

일제치하에서 계엄법

백윤철 ( Yun Chul Baek ) 국제헌법학회,한국학회 2012 世界憲法硏究 Vol.18 No.2

본 논문의 일제시대의 계엄과 한국의 광복가 더불어 시행되었던 계엄에 관한 논문이다. 일본의 계엄은 프랑스의 국가긴급권을 받아들여 계엄이라는 제도를 만들었다. 계엄(戒嚴)이라는 용어는 일본인이 만든 용어로 그 어원은 正字通의 “敵將至設備曰戒嚴”(적이 바야흐로 쳐들어옴에 방비를 굳게함을 일컬어 계엄이라 한다)에서 유래한다. 일본은 프랑스의 국가긴급권을 모방하여 정도가 덜 심각한 긴급사태(전쟁상태)인 臨戰地境과 정도가 심각한 긴급사태(합위상태)인 合圍地境으로 하여 1882년 계엄령을 제정하였다. 臨戰地境戒嚴하에서는 지방행정사무 및 사법사무 중 군사에 관한 사건에 한하여 계엄사령관이 관장하고, 合圍地境戒嚴이 선포되었을 때에는 모든 지방행정사무와 사법사무를 관장하는 권한을 가졌다. 특히 군사에 관하여 민사사건과 공공의 안녕을 해치는 특정범죄에 대해서는 군법회의에서 재판을 하도록 하였고, 합위지경 내에 법원이 없거나 관할법원과의 통로가 단절되었을 때에는 민사나 형사의 구별 없이 군법회의에서 재판하도록 규정되어 있었다. 1882년 일본의 계엄령은 태정관 공고 제36호로 제정되어 1886년 칙령 제74호로 개정되었다. 당시 계엄법이 법률이 아닌 명령의 형태인 계엄령으로 제정된 것은 1889년 명치헌법 이전에는 입 법부가 없었으므로 모든 법률적 사항은 행정명령의 형식으로 선포되었기 때문이다. 따라서 1882년의 계엄령은 계엄법과 같은 의미를 가졌었고 당연히 법적 효력을 가진 규범이었었다. 이러한 일본의 계엄령과 우리 나라의 독립과 더불어 1948년 대한민국의 정부수립과 제헌헌법의 제정으로 국가의 틀을 형성하여 새롭게 출범하였을 때 과거 일제법령의 효력을 인정할 것인지여부에 대하여 입법자는 제헌헌법 제100조에서 그 근거규정을 마련하였다. 본 논문은 일제하에서 적용되었던 계엄령에 대한 효력 유무에 대한 논문이며, 우리 나라의 계엄에 관한 초기 법령체계에 관한 논문이다. Material Law a nation`s emergency competence has worked out as a means in history to maintain national peace and social order. Such function and values are still valid nowadays, and the basic aim of the law is not defaced. and This paper is about The Martial Law under the Japanese Imperialism. Material law has security and meaning for maintain public order of the country when the country is dangerous. Martial law is the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis-(usually) only temporary-when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively, when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law becomes widespread. In most cases, military forces are deployed to subdue the crowds, to secure government buildings and key or sensitive locations, and to maintain order. Generally, military personnel replace civil authorities and perform some or all of their functions. In full-scale martial law, the highest-ranking military officer would take over, or be installed, as the military governor or as head of the government, thus removing all power from the previous executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Martial law has also been imposed during conflicts and in cases of occupations, where the absence of any other civil government provides for an unstable population. Examples of this form of military rule include post World War II reconstruction in Germany and Japan as well as the southern reconstruction following the U.S. Civil War. Typically, the imposition of martial law accompanies curfews, the suspension of civil law, civil rights, habeas corpus, and the application or extension of military law or military justice to civilians. Civilians defying martial law may be subjected to military tribunal.

[일반논문] 美國의 個人情報保護

백윤철(Baek Yun-Chul) 한국토지공법학회 2003 土地公法硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Purpose of Private Information Acts and restricted variations among international judicial system. In particular, significant differences between America and Europe. The focus of this thesis is the protection of personal information in America.

英國의 國家緊急權

백윤철(Baek, Yun-Chul) 한국토지공법학회 2014 土地公法硏究 Vol.66 No.-

우리나라에 국가긴급권을 다룬 논문은 많이 있으나, 영국에 대해서 상세한 다룬 논문은 없는 것 같다. 그리하여 영국의 국가긴급권을 다룬 논문이다. 국가긴급권은 어느 나라에도 존재하는데, 선진제국 중에 영국의 국가긴급권의 살펴보는 것은 의미가 있는 것이라 하겠다. 영국은 성문헌법전이 없는 불문헌법국가로 보통법(common law)에 의한 관례상의 긴급권과 의회제정법에 의한 긴급권이 존재할 뿐이다. 영국에서 국가긴급권은 영국헌정사의 2대 지주인 의회주권(Sovereignty of Parliament)과 법의 지배(rule of law)원칙에 의하여 그 발동요건과 내용이 결정되므로 대륙의 긴급권과는 차이가 있다. 이러한 원칙에 근거하여 의회는 국가비상조치에 대하여 책임면제법(Indemnity Act)을 제정하기도 하였으며, 1914년의 국토방위법(Defence of the Realm Act)과 1920년의 비상대권법(Emergency Power Act)을 비롯하여 1942년의 국민동원법(National Service Act), 1957년의 긴급법(Emergency Law〈Repeal〉Act) 등이 제정하는 등, 광범위하게 국가긴급권에 관한 수권법을 제정하였다. A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that announces that the country is in a state of emergency. This means that the government can suspend and/or change some functions of the executive, the legislative and or the judiciary during this period of time. It alerts citizens to change their normal behaviour and orders government agencies to implement emergency plans. A government can declare a state of emergency during a time of natural or man-made disaster, during a period of civil unrest, or following a declaration of war or situation of international/internal armed conflict. Justitium is its equivalent in Roman law. It can also be used as a rationale for suspending rights and freedoms, even if those rights and freedoms are guaranteed under the Constitution. Some countries do not have an embedded Constitution such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Israel. Legislation covers a state of emergency in these countries. Under the protocol of the ICCPR, rights and freedoms may be suspended during a state of emergency, for example, a government can detain citizens and hold them without trial. All rights that can be derogated from are listed in the International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights. Some sources argue that non-derogable rights cannot be suspended.[ In the United Kingdom, the British Sovereign, the Privy Council, or the Prime Minister is able to proclaim emergency regulations under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 in case of any seriously fatal threats to their human welfare, their human society, and their environment such as; warfare or terrorism. These regulations last for seven days unless confirmed otherwise by Parliament. A state of emergency had been last invoked in 1974 by Prime Minister Edward Heath in response to increasing industrial action.

프랑스 지방분권법제에 관한 연구

백윤철(Baek Yun-Chul),이광진(Lee Kwang-Jin) 세계헌법학회 한국학회 2007 世界憲法硏究 Vol.13 No.1