관절 깁스 및 등속성 트레이닝에 따른 우수선수의 근력,파워,근지구력의 변화

방상식 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.5

投擲選手의 等速性 大腿筋力, 筋파워 및 筋持久力 에 관한 硏究

洪淳模,房廂植 韓國體育大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to suggest a new direction in muscular training by comparing specific throwing events that determine the performance factors; isokinetic strength, muscular power, and muscular endurance. The study was conducted on three groups of athletes (shotputters, discuss throwers and javelin throwers-eight athletes per group), and resulted in the following conclusions: 1. Muscular Strength o There was no statistical difference among the three groups with regard to isokinetic strength(60˚/sec), but the group of shotputters showed greatest superiority with regard to absolute strength whereas the group of discuss throwers showed greatest superiority with regard to relative strength. 2. Muscular Power o There was no statistical difference among the three groups with regard to muscular power at medium speed (180˚/sec). shotputters showed greatest superiority in absolute muscular power, whereas. o The group of shotputters showed greatest superiority of muscle power at high speed (240/sec) with regard to absolute power, whereas thee javelin throwers showed greatest inferiority in the left extensors(P<.05). the group of discuss throwers showe suoerior PTAE(peak torque acceleration energy) in quadriceps, while the group of hotputters showed superior PTAE in hamstrings. The group of javelin throwers showed lowestenergy expenditure rate (P<.01). 3. Muscular Endurance o Shotputters showed greatest superiority in total work capacity, while javelin throwers showed highest total work ratio for extensors)P<.01). o Shotputters showed greatest superiority in average power, whereas javelin throwers showed greatest inferiority. o With regard to endurance ratio, Shotputters showed greatest superiority of right extensors and left flexors, while javelin throwers in right flexors and left extensors. 4. Ratio of hamstrings to quadriceps o. The Shotputters showed superior hamstrings/quadriceps ratio of both legs at low speed, and the right leg ratio was superior at medium and high speeds(P<.05). One must plan a program of muscle training for each specific throwing event, and one must endeavour to promote the improvement of the hamstrings as well as the quadriceps.

스포츠생리학 : 국내 및 외국현지 시차적응훈련이 선수 컨디션 조절에 미치는 영향

방상식(BangSang-Sik) 한국체육학회 2000 한국체육학회지 Vol.39 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training to overcome the time difference (desyncronization) has on athlete's conditioning in domestic and foreign settings, in preparation for the 2nd International Military Sports Council(CISM : Conseil International du Sport Militaire, Croatia 6-18 August 1999). Its secondary purpose is to disseminate the method and results of training to overcome the time difference for the first time. The tested group of 106 players were divided into individual event adjusting domestically, ballgame events adjusting domestically, and the group adjusting overseas. The following was the results of 11 days of tournament period and 7 days of adjusting period domestically and overseas to overcome -7 hours difference. The domestic group slept well from the day one, but in terms of depth, they recovered fully after 6 days, whereas the overseas group fell into deep sleep after 2 days. As for the appetite, domestic group recovered after 3 days and overseas group lost their appetite early on. As for physical condition and mood swing, domestic group took 4∼5 days and additional 2 days once they arrived overseas. However, the overseas group took 7 days to recover physical condition, and 3 days to gain normal mood. For the fliker test to measure fatigue of physiological central nervous system, domestic group took 7 days. In general, the domestic group took 6 days to recover normal condition in case of 7 hour difference, and additional 2 days once they arrived overseas. The overseas group took 7 days to fully recover. The Korea national team ranked 5th in the world with 10 gold, 4 silver, and 4 bronze medals in International Military Sports Council, defeating tough competitors.

운동역학 : 요부 근력운동이 추간반 수핵탈출증 수술환자의 요신전근 기능에 미치는 영향

방상식(SangSikBang),김건도(GunGoKim),한길수(GilSooHan) 한국체육학회 1999 한국체육학회지 Vol.38 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lumbar strengthening training on the eccentric strength of hernia-operated patients. Fifteen subjects (7 males and 8 females) underwent training twice per week. The training consisted of 15-20 repetitions of a full range of motion variable resistance lumbar extension exercise to volitional fatigue and periodic maximal isometric contractions taken at seven angles (degrees) through a full range of motion. After the four-week and eight-week training period, subjects completed a maximum isometric strength test at seven angles (degrees) through a 72° range of motion (0°, 12°, 24°, 36°, 48°, 60° and 72°)of lumbar flexion using Medx lumbar extension machine. Results show improvement in lumbar extension strength at low degrees after 8 weeks : 0°, 12°, and 24° for males and 0°, 12°, 24° and 36° for females. Increase in females` lumbar extension strength at 0° was already observable after four weeks. Data on body weight ratio indicate vital increase in strength at major degrees except at 72° for males and at 60° and 72° for females. Even after only 4 weeks of training, improved strength was already noted for males at 0° and 12° and at 0°, 12° and 24° for females. Finding suggest that lumbar strengthening training provides an alternative for developing the extension strength of hernia-operated patients. However, additional training is necessary to increase the lumbar extension strength at high degrees of lumbar flexion.

자연과학편 : 레슬링 선수(選手)의 등속성(等速性) 대퇴근력(大腿筋力), 근(筋)파워 및 근지구력(筋持久力)에 관한 연구(硏究)

방상식(SANGSIKBANG) 한국체육학회 1992 한국체육학회지 Vol.31 No.2

The purpose of this study was to suggest a new direction in muscular training by finding essential factors of isokinetic strength, muscular power and muscular endurance etc. This was done by comparing the isokinetic strength of groups of wrestlers(3 groups. 10 athletes per group), and we came to the following conclusions : -There was no significant difference among the three groups with regard to isokinetic strength(60˚/sec), but the group of wrestlers from the Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS) showed greatest superiority in relative strength of hamstrings(P<.05). Furthermore. there was a significant difference from group to group with regard to the leg angle of peak torque occurrence(P<.05). -There was no significant difference among the three groups with regard to isokinetic muscular power(180˚/sec). but there was a significant difference with regard to maximal muscular power. Furthermore, the group of athletes from the Korean National College of Physical Education(KNCPE) showed greatest superiority with regard to peak torque acceleration energy(P<.05). -With regard to isokinetic muscular endurance(180˚/sec, 50rep.), the group from the Korea Armed Forces Athletic Corps(KAFAC) showed greatest superiority in the total work capacity of the quadriceps, and the group from CIS showed greatest superiority in muscular endurance ratio(P<.05). -The hamstrings/quadriceps ratio of the group from CIS was 60∼65%(P<.05), whereas for the two Korean groups it was 55∼60%. -The correlation of isokinetic strength to isokinetic muscular power was γ=.89 for the hamstrings and γ=.81 for the quadriceps. Wrestlers require continuous quadriceps training(60˚/sec). Furthermore, their training program must provide the ability to reach the isokinetic training speed of 180˚/sec and 240˚/sec which is what will be required during an wrestling match.

인문 · 사회과학편 : 고공강하 (高空降下) 숙련도(熟鍊度)가 반응속도(反應速度) , 폐기능(肺機能) 및 불안(不安) 심박수(心搏數)에 미치는 영향(影響)

방상식(SangSikBang) 한국체육학회 1992 한국체육학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Weight training 이 근력 및 근섬유 형태 변화에 미치는 영향

방상식,이근일,김학렬,김양수,김창근,원신희,안효작 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1991 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Eight healthy males performed moderate training program 3days per week for 10weeks. Strength was measured before and after weight training program using a Cybex Ⅱ isokinetic dynamometer set an angular velocity at 60???S?? muscle strength, 180???S?? muscle power, 180????S??50 repetition muscle endurance, respectively. Isotonic one repetition maximum (1RM) was measured before and after training program. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after training from vastus lateralis muscle. Obtained muscle sample serially was cutted with 10??m thick and stained for myofibrillar ATPase with preincubation at pH 10.3, 4.6, and 4.37 for identifing type Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb and Ⅱc fibers, resectively. Peak power output was 424 watt and increased by 10.5% after the weight training. Weight training resulted in significant increase one repetition maximum for each types of exercise. Weight training resulted in significant hypertrophy of all types : type Ⅰ (24%), typeⅡa(30%), typeⅡa(9.4%), typeⅡc(35%). In addition, the training resulted in a decrease capillaries of type Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb fibers with a concomitant increase in type Ⅱc fibers, suggesting that moderate weight training may lead to muscle hypertrophy and possible fiber type conversions.

스포츠 생리학 : 체조교실 참여가 어린이들의 운동능력 발달에 미치는 영향

방상식(SangSikBang) 한국체육학회 1997 한국체육학회지 Vol.36 No.4

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of participation in gymnastics exercise training class on motor ability in children. An experimental group of 100 and control group of 100 consisting of 10 males and females ranging from 7 to 11 years of age were the subjects of study. The experiment was designed was according to a factorial ANOVA participation×sex×age difference. The duration of this study was one year. The results are as follows: The experimental group showed more improvement than the control group in the events of muscular strength, power, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and coordination. Agility was enhanced in two of three events and muscle strength showed no notable enhancement. After the participation in the program, the events in which males showed notable enhancement compared with females was left grip strength. The events in which males showed superiorty over females before and after the program were the standing long jump and vital capacity. Females showed considerably low competence in sit-ups, the 50m dash, and the rolling. However, after participation the discrepancies between males and females were almost non- existent. On the other hand, males showed inferiorty to females in the 400m run and trunk flexion but performance evened out after participation. The events where there were no discrepancies between males and females were right grip strength, Sargent jump, side step, shuttle run, whole body reaction time, and trunk extension. The characteristics per age group varied considerably in physical aspects due to participation in the program. The respective age groups in the experimental group showed superiorty over the control group in muscular strength, power, flexibility, and coordination. Eleven year olds, 10 year olds, and 7·10·11 year olds in the experimental group showed superiorty over the control group in muscle strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance respectively.

短期 合宿訓練 PROGRAM이 專門體力 發達에 미치는 影響

洪淳模,房廂植,申範徹 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1989 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this research is to make a conductive role to Selecting new elite throwers and providing basis data for their scientific training through analyzing the effect of the shortterm camp training for the discus throwers along with the development stage of physique and special physical fitness. The number of subject throwers were 22 male and 31 female persons and the training was done twice a year from 1984 to 1988. And the period of every training lasted 20 days. The result of this research is as follows. 1. Physique a) In height, the average height was 180.5±6.33㎝ for male and 167.1±2.86㎝ for female. In case of world’s best throwers, it was 193.9±4.51㎝ for male and 180.1±3.96㎝ for female. b) In body weight, the average was 88.2±9.35㎏ for male and 68.7±5.19㎏ for male and 68.7±5.19㎏ for female. In case of world’s best throwers, it was 114.1±9.27㎏ for male and 90.0±4.92㎏ for female. c) In stretch of arms, it was average 186.3±6.23㎝ for male and 170.0±3.45㎝ for female It indicates that development aspect is in direct ratio to height. d) In calf girth, it was average 45.6±2.48㎝ for male and 41.2±0.69㎝ for female. This indicates rate for male, and little increase rate for female.

기능성 근 밸런스 트레이닝이 남자 대학 투척 선수들의 근 안정성에 미치는 영향

홍영표,이영선,방상식 한국스포츠학회 2019 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.17 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of functional balance training(FBT) on physical fitness, isokinetic strength and power of knee and core for male throwers in university. For the purpose, eleven men's throwers from university were divided into two groups (Con; n=5, Ex; n=6) and further functional balance training was conducted for the Ex group after common training (12 weeks). The results of showed that in a Ex group where functional balance training was performed, the flexor muscle strength of the left and right leg was shown to have increased significantly compared to the previous test, and in the case of the left flexor muscles, it also showed a significant difference from the Con group. The core also showed significant increases in flexor muscular strength and power of the Ex group compared to the previous test. As a result of this study, functional balance training for throwers is seen to have a positive effect on the performance of the competition by increasing the muscular strength and power of the flexor in relation to the muscular stability of the lower body and core. 투척 종목은 근력과 근파워에 기반한 운동수행력을 겨루는 경기로 하체와 코어의 파워와 함께 근 밸런스에 기반한 안정성과 관련이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대학 남자 투척 선수들을 대상으로 종목 특성을 고려한 기능성 근 밸런스 트레이닝을 실시하여 기초체력, 코어 및 하체의 등속성 근력, 근파워 수준을 살펴보았다. 목적을 위해 대학 남자 투척 선수 11명을 대상으로 크게 통제(Con, n=5) 및 운동(Ex, n=6)집단으로 구분 후 공통적인 훈련 이후에 운동집단을 대상으로 추가적인 기능성 근 밸런스 트레이닝을 실시하였다(12주). 실험결과, 기초체력의 경우 기능성 근 밸런스 트레이닝을 실시한 운동집단에서 제자리멀리뛰기(순발력)가 사전에 비해 유의하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 등속성 근력의 경우 운동집단에서 좌,우 하체의 굴근 근력이 사전에 비해 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났으며, 좌측 굴근의 경우 통제집단과도 유의한 차이를 보여주고 있다. 코어의 경우에도 운동집단의 굴근 근력 및 근파워가 사전에 비해 유의하게 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과, 투척 선수들을 대상으로 한 기능성 근 밸런스 트레이닝은 하체와 코어의 근 안정성과 관련한 굴근의 근력 및 근파워를 증가시켜 경기수행력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다.