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권중구 ( Joong Goo Kwon ),박경식 ( Kyung Sik Park ),박정호 ( Jung Ho Park ),박재명 ( Jae Myung Park ),박철희 ( Cheol Hee Park ),이광재 ( Kwang Jae Lee ),박효진 ( Hyo Jin Park ),이종철 ( Jong Chul Rhee ) 대한소화기학회 2011 대한소화기학회지 Vol.57 No.2
Traditional symptom-based therapies of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are directed at the relief of individual IBS symptoms, but they are often of limited efficacy in addressing the entire symptom complex. Combinations of drugs to target bothersome symptoms are suggested as the first-line pharmacologic treatment. Increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of IBS has resulted in the development of several new therapeutic approaches. Thirteen consensus statements for the treatment of IBS were developed using the modified Delphi approach. Exclusion diets have modest efficacy in improving symptoms in some IBS patients. Symptom-based therapies with dietary fiber, bulking agents, laxatives, antispasmodics and laxatives are effective in the improvement of some individual symptoms, e.g. dietary fiber and bulking agents for constipation, laxatives for constipation, antispasmodics for abdominal pain and discomfort, antidiarrheals for diarrhea. 5HT3 receptor antagonists and 5HT4 receptor agonists are effective in the relief of global IBS symptoms and individual symptoms such as abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits. A short term course of nonabsorbable antibiotics may improve global IBS symptoms, particularly in patients with diarrhea- predominant IBS. Some probiotics appear to have the potential benefit in improving global IBS symptoms. Selective C-2 chloride channel activator is more effective than placebo at relieving global IBS symptoms in patients with constipation-predominant IBS. Both tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are equally effective in relieving global IBS symptoms, and have some benefits in treating abdominal pain. Certain types of psychologic therapy may be effective in improving global symptoms in some IBS patients. Further studies are strongly needed to develop better treatment strategies for Korean patients with IBS. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2011;57:82-99)
일본 보수정치세력의 동아시아를 둘러싼 갈등 -1960년대와 1990년대의 비교-
박철희 ( Cheol Hee Park ) 현대일본학회 2011 日本硏究論叢 Vol.33 No.-
이 논문은 1960년대와 1990년대에 자민당 정치세력 내부에서 동아시아를 둘러싼 정치적 갈등을 비교분석한다. 일본의 보수와 혁신세력간 기본적인 갈등이 미일동맹과 자위대를 둘러싼 안보이슈였다면, 보수세력인 자민당 내부의 외교노선 갈등은 동아시아를 둘러싼 문제를 중심으로 전개되었다. 1960년대에는 중국과의 국교정상화문제를 둘러싸고 자민당세력 내부의 갈등이 벌어졌다. 미일동맹에 중점을 둔 사토정권에 대해, 보수 리버럴의 색채를 띤 아시아·아프리카연구회는 중국과의 국교정상화를 지속적으로 제기하였다. 아시아·아프리카연구회의 흐름에 동조한 다나카의 승리로 일본은 중국과 국교정상화를 추진하였다. 이에 반발하여 후쿠다파를 중심으로 결성된 것이 반공과 민족주의에 기반을 둔 타이완중시파인 세란카이였다. 1990년대에는 아시아와의 역사화해를 추진하던 보수리버럴과 사회당, 사키가케 연합에 대해, 자민당내 보수우파가 야당인 신진당내 보수세력과 연계하면서 보수 대연합을 주장하였다. 이들은 함께 종군위안부문제와 야스쿠니신사 참배문제를 전면에 내세워 동아시아국가들의 사죄요구에 반발하였다. 국정선거의 결과 사회당이 약화되자, 자민당내 주도권은 사회당과의 연립유지파로부터 보수파 연합세력으로 넘어갔다. 이같은 분석은 보수파 내부 갈등의 근저에 동아시아문제가 놓여있었다는 사실을 밝혀준다. 또한, 동아시아국가들과의 갈등관계가 외교문제를 넘어서서 국내정치와 직접적으로 연동하고 있다는 사실도 알려준다. 아울러, 1990년대가 되면 자민당 내부 갈등을 넘어서서 여야를 아우르는 보수파간 연합을 통해 일본정계 전반이 보수화하는 계기가 마련됨을 알 수 있다. This article analyzes contending perspectives on East Asia among Japanese conservative political forces in the 1960s and 1990s. Security issues constituted a major ideological cleavage that divides the conservatives and progressives in Japan. Meanwhile, East Asian issues composed a main policy divide within the conservative circle. In the 1960s, China issue was a divisive issue within the LDP. Against Sato`s pro-American stance, Asia-Africa Study Group advocated the idea of normalizing diplomatic relations with China. Competition between Tanaka and Fukuda reflected this cleavage. After Tanaka`s victory, Japan normalized ties with China, while Fukuda supporters organized Seirankai in favor of Taiwan. In the 1990s, softliners within the LDP and progressive coalition partners pursued historical reconciliation with East Asian neighbors. However, conservative right within the LDP opposed this scheme. Raising comfort women and Yasukuni shrine visit issue as ideological common ground, they attempted a grand conservative coalition. As the JSP weakens, forces arguing the conservative coalition became a main stream within the LDP. This analysis makes it clear that contending perspectives on East Asia composed a major cleavage line within the conservative political forces. Also, this analysis suggests that East Asian issues have been politicized further in the 1990s. Furthermore, this analysis shows that the entire Japanese political stream has turned to be more conservative after the conservative rights across parties coalesced together.
박철희 ( Chulhee Park ),김정민 ( Jung Min Kim ),경민규 ( Min Gyu Kyung ),이영호 ( Young Ho Lee ) 국군의무사령부 2023 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.54 No.1
Objective The importance of microsurgery is being emphasized for treatments of severe trauma or combat injuries. We constructed a low-fidelity microsurgical training program that can be applied and operated at all times in military hospitals. Then we conducted the study on its effectiveness and appropriate time interval of it. Method A low-fidelity microsurgery training program using a microsurgery microscope, artificial vessels, and chicken thigh blood vessels was formed. Nine military surgeons participated and performed the one-year program with three different time intervals. The training time intervals were 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months, respectively. The differences in performance after the program were analyzed. Results This microsurgery simulation training program was evaluated to significantly improve and maintain military surgeons' microsurgery proficiency. There was no significant difference of performance results between the 2-month interval program(26.87%) and the 4-month interval program(27.10%). On the other hand, the performance of the 6-month interval program(12.02%) was far below those of the other two. Conclusion To perform regularly the simplified low-fidelity microsurgery simulation trainings using nonliving objects is helpful in improving and maintaining military microsurgeons' skill and proficiency. In addition, it is appropriate in terms of time efficiency to conduct such training at intervals of 4 months.