知母 成分의 硏究 : 지모 성분의 연구

박종희 부산대학교 1978 論文集: 自然科學篇 Vol.26 No.-

百濟 遷都 地名 ‘枳慕蜜地’와 俗地名 ‘모질매’

박종희 원광대학교 마한백제문화연구소 2018 馬韓, 百濟文化 Vol.32 No.-

‘枳慕蜜地’에서의 ‘枳(~支~只)’는 [*ki]~[*kʌ]~[*ko]의 변이 관계를 나타내고, ‘慕(~牟~馬)’는 [*mo]~[*ma]~[*mʌ]의 변이 관계를 나타내므로 ‘枳慕~支牟~只馬~古馬’ 등은 이표기임을 알 수 있다. 그런데 다음 기록은 ‘馬’를 ‘古馬’와 대응시키고 있다. 馬邑縣 本百濟古馬彌知縣 景德王改名 今遂寧縣(삼국사기 권36 잡지5 지리3). 위의 ‘馬’는 訓을 차용한 것이고, ‘古馬’는 音을 차용한 것이다. ‘馬邑’은 ‘大邑, 雄邑’을 의미하므로 ‘古馬’의 의미는 ‘大, 雄’과 같게 된다. 이로 미루어 ‘古馬~只馬~枳慕~支牟’ 등의 의미도 ‘大, 雄’으로 추론할 수 있다. 또한 중국측 사서에는 ‘固麻’를 ‘格們’의 전음으로 본다. ‘격문(格們)’이란 ‘도회지(대도시, 대처)’ 또는 ‘서울’ 즉 수도(首都)를 가리키는 것으로 ‘固麻’를 비롯해서 ‘枳慕~支牟~只馬~古馬’ 등은 ‘大’의 의미를 갖는다. ‘枳慕蜜地’의 후행 요소 ‘蜜(密)地’는 [*mʌlj-ti]로 재구할 수 있다. 이때 [lj]가 모음화하면 [*mʌj-ti]가 되므로 ‘蜜地’는 ‘彌知[*mʌj-ti]’와 동음성을 보인다. 이것은 고대국어 한자음에서 ‘未, 米, 彌’ 등의 한자음이 중세국어와 같은 [mi/미]가 아니라 [mʌj/ᄆᆡ], [mɨj/믜], [məj/메], [maj/매] 등에 가까운 音(김무림 2015: 116-8)이었다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 또한 ‘知, 地, 遲, 至’의 고대국어 한자음은 모두 [ti/디]로 재구할 수 있다. [l/ㄹ]이 지닌 [+continuantclassic] 자질이 후행 모음의 자질과 이화를 일으키면 [t/ㄷ]으로 변해 ‘彌里[*mʌj-li/ᄆᆡ리]’는 ‘彌知[*mʌj-ti/ᄆᆡ디]’로 변하게 된다. 그리하여 ‘蜜(密)地~彌知~彌里~彌離’ 등은 이음동의어 관계를 이룬다. 아울러 현대국어의 潮水名에서 ‘한매-한물, 두매-두물, 세매-세물’(도수희 2005: 176) 등과 같이 북방인 어청도에서는 ‘-매’이고, 남방인 흑산도에서는 ‘-물’인 점도 ‘買, 未, 米, 彌’와 ‘勿, 蜜(密)’의 고대 음가 및 관련성을 보여주는 실례가 된다. 馬邑縣 本百濟古馬彌知縣에서 ‘彌知’가 ‘邑’으로 개칭되었음을 알 수 있다. 즉, ‘邑 = 彌知~蜜(密)地~彌里~彌離~密’이 된다. ‘彌里 鄕之小者’(遼史 卷116)라 한 것을 보면, ‘枳慕蜜地’의 일반적인 의미는 ‘大邑, 雄邑’이 된다. 시대에 따라 聚落의 규모가 커지거나 작아져 의미가 확장되면 首都, 城, 村(일어 mura), 要塞 등의 의미도 가지게 되었을 것이다. ‘枳慕蜜’과 속지명 ‘모질매’의 음운론적 관련성은 첫째, 어두 음절에서의 도치 현상을 들 수 있다. 왜냐하면 고지명 표기에서의 도치(臨津縣 本高句麗津臨城 景德王改名 今因之(三國史記 地理 二) 현상은 흔히 볼 수 있기 때문이다(도수희 1975: 61). 두 번째는 ‘-蜜(密)’과 ‘-매’의 음운론적 관련성이다. ‘-蜜(密)’의 고대 한자음은 [*mʌlj]([*ᄆᆞᆯ])~[*mʌj]([*ᄆᆡ])로 재구되며, 그 의미는 ‘邑’으로 추정되었다. 따라서 ‘枳慕+蜜/慕枳+蜜’의 구성을 이루어 ‘大+邑’의 의미를 갖는다. 세 번째는 k-구개음화와 관련된 것이다. 전설 고모음 앞의 연구개 파열음이 동일 환경의 경구개-치경 파찰음과 음향적으로 유사해서 청자들이 쉽게 혼동한다는 사실(Guion 1998)은 밝혀진 바 있다. 연구개음의 구개음화는 단일한 음 변화에 있어서 조음적 요인 및 음향적·인지적 요인이 모두 중요하다는 사실을 보여 준다(박종희‧권병로 2011). [ʧ]와 비슷한 스펙트럼 정점의 진동수를 가지는 전설 고모음 앞의 [k]는 인지적으로 [ʧ]와 ... ‘枳慕密地’ was the well known place name where the King Mu of Paek Je Dynasty had trnsferred the Capital from PuYeo. In this paper I would like to investigate the phonetic value of the several Chinese characters in the Old Korean relating with this place name. In general ‘枳(~只~支)’ represented the variants which had the phonetic value of [*ki~*kʌ~*ko] and 慕(~牟~馬) represented the variants which had the phonetic value of [*mo~*ma~*mʌ]. Therefore I would presume that ‘枳慕~支牟~只馬~古馬’ etc. had been used as a different transcriptions at the old times. Among these, ‘古馬彌知’ was correspondent with ‘馬邑’ in the place name reformed by the King Kyung Deok at the time of Unified Sylla Dynasty. In this case ‘馬’ represented the meaning of ‘big’ or ‘large’ which modified the following noun ‘邑’(town, city) and so ‘馬邑’ was intended to record for the meaning of a ‘big town’. According to this analysis I would like to interprete that ‘古馬彌知’ was used to represent ‘a big town/city’ or ‘a large community’. In the Chinese records ‘固麻’ was correspondent with Old Korean ‘古馬’ and then it referred to ‘格們’ in the Manchuria historical records. At the Keum Dynasty, ‘格們’ meaned to ‘a big town’. So I should ascertain that they all had the same meaning of ‘big’ or ‘large’. ‘密’ could be reconstructured as the [*mʌlj/*mɨlj/*ᄆᆞᆯ/*믈] which was the same as the phonetic value of ‘彌, 未, 米’ etc. Because [*mʌlj/ᄆᆞᆯ] had experienced a vocalization to [*mʌj/ᄆᆡ] and then it became to [mæ/매] by the monothongization. Vowel harmony variants [*mɨlj/믈] was changed to [*mɨ] by [j] deletion or [*mi] by [ɨ] deletion. ‘地, 知, 遲, 至’ etc. could be also reconstructured as [*ti/디] which was historically changed to [ci/지] by the palatalization in Modern Korean. The feature [+continuantclassic] of the [l/ㄹ] would be dissimilated with the following vowel feature [+continuant] and then [l/ㄹ] should become to [t/ㄷ] having a feature [+continuant]. Therefore ‘密地~彌知~彌里~彌離’ etc. could be composed of synonyms. These variants like [mʌj~mɨj~mɨ~mʌ~mi] and [mæ] were respectively distributed according to their regional and social situation. For example the name of tides was divided into two group depending on the location of South and North. In the South ‘한물, 두물, 세물, …’ were widely used on the other hand ‘한매, 두매, 세매, …’ were used in the North. The different forms of ‘물’ and ‘매’ were used at present. The ‘물’ was originated from the ‘密’ and ‘勿’ which had the same phonetic value as that of ‘水/water’. On the other hand the ‘매’ was originated from ‘彌, 未, 米, 買’ which had the same phonetic value [*mʌj]. These synonymous ‘密地, 彌知, 彌里, 彌離’ etc. had the same meaning as a ‘邑, 城, 村, 首都, 聚落’. The frequency of a velar and a palatal-alveolar was more similar before a front vowels other than back vowels. Moreover in the casual speech style the frequency of a [k] and [c] was appeared more similar before a front high vowel other than non-front high vowels. The acoustic similarities of [k] and [c] would be showed up their perceptive similarity. Consquently a hearer seemed to confuse [t] with [c] easily before a front high vowels. ‘枳慕[*kimo/기모]’ was frequently confused with the [*cimo] and would become to [*moci] by the syllable inversion of [*cimo] in Old Korean. The result of syllables movement still survive within the modern place name ‘모질매’ where the site of the Paek-Je Royal Palace was located at Ik-San.

계획된 행위이론을 적용한 실습중 사고예방 교육 프로그램 개발 - 치기공학과 학생을 중심으로 -

박종희,Park, Jong-Hee 대한치과기공학회 2011 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.33 No.1

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to provide information about safe actions during the practice of dental technology, promote belief in safe actions among the students of dental technology, and reinforce their knowledge about how to act safety. Methods: Open questions were asked to 120 sophomores majoring dental technology to understand the target group's belief about safe actions. Following the instructions by Ajzen & Fishbein, the collected data were grouped according to similar beliefs. Those beliefs of the highest frequency were given a priority and got to represent the belief level of the target group. Even with belief changes, however, they would not be able to practice safe actions if they had no knowledge about how to do safe actions. For desirable behavioral changes among the students, the students were then asked to discuss the current state of safety accidents and issues focusing on the materials and processes used in the practice and give presentations regarding the subjects to identify risk factors. Then the identified risk factors were used to devise the program contents so that the students could practice safe actions through accurate behavioral approaches and belief changes by educating them about how to act safely by the practice processes and the involved materials and devices. Results: Not only do the students of Dept. of Dental Technicians have difficulties with the complex practice processes while practicing to make dental prosthesis, but they are exposed to the risk of accidents as they're poor at dealing with the materials and devices. Although there is a definite need for accident prevention education programs before practice, the reality is that the school doesn't the schoosuch education. Based on the judgment that an education program designed to reinforce belief for behavioral changes would generate effgrams results, an education program was developed by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB). Along with their beliefs, the current state of accidents n. Basepractice, demand for safety education, and practice level of safe actions were used to device the contents of accident prevention education and to develop an accident prevention education program for dental technology. Conclusion: The study presents an accident prevention education program developed to reinforce dental technology students' beliefs and knowledge and to help them do safe actions during practice.

2 Key Bridge에 대한 연구

박종희 대한치과기공학회 2000 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.22 No.1

전북방언 모음조화의 불투명성 : 부사형 어미 '-아/어-의 교체를 중심으로

박종희 국어국문학회 2003 국어국문학 Vol.- No.134

The first vowel of the adverbial endings was generally harmonized with the stem final vowel when it was composed of the monosyllabic morpheme in Modem Korean. However when the stem was composed of the polysyllabic morpheme, the opacity of the vowel harmony appeared. In other words, at the cases of the more than bisyllabic stem, the last vowel of the stem did not dominate the harmony of adverbial endings on the contrary the first vowel of the polysyllabic stem did. This abnormal phenomenon like these was analysed by many Korean linguists at the several times before. Nevertheless those results of studies did not agree with among them. In this study the sympathy constraint was incurred in order to explain this peculiar process in Korean. When the first vowel of the stem was a light vowel especially, this sympathy constraint played a important role so that the opacity of the vowel harmony appeared at the surface.

21C 치과 기공과 교육의 방향에 대한 연구

박종희 대한치과기공학회 1999 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.21 No.1

ㅂ계 합용병서의 음운론적 고찰

박종희 한글학회 2000 한글 Vol.- No.247

중세국어 특수어간 교체의 음운론적 해석

박종희 국어국문학회 1997 국어국문학 Vol.- No.119

일부 노인들의 가철성 틀니 사용 실태 및 만족도 조사

박종희,박지원 대한치과기공학회 2012 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.34 No.3

노동조합의 통제권의 법적 기초와 사법심사의 범위

박종희 한국노동법학회 1999 노동법학 Vol.- No.9