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文首彦 단국대학교 미소연구소 1988 미소연구 Vol.2 No.-
The relationship between Republic of Korea and the Soviet Union is rapidly improving. Recently, direct trades were opened between the two countries, and joint enterprises were started to set up. Meaningful dialogues between them also started to be exchanged. Gorbachev’s perestroika is a major direct factor behind the improvement of the relationship. As we understand, under General Secretary Gorbachev and perestroika, the Soviet Union is changing. Not only revolutionary transforming Soviet economy and society, but Gorbachev also initiated for a necessary reform in Soviet foreign policy with the emphasis of “new political thinking.” The new thinking in foreign policy signifies a re-evaluation of Soviet policies based on a correct understanding of the realities of the world. The general tendency of previous Soviet foreign policy was widely self-criticized by the current Soviet leadership for lacking initiatives and for being conducted out of tough with the fundamental vital interests of the country. It seems that the “new thinking” brought about new basis of Soviet foreign policy. The current Soviet leaders refuse to take the traditional view of the “ultimate stagnation of imperialism.” Instead, they emphasize capitalism’s ability to survive. Capitalism’s ability to adapt to the new environment has been reassed. Even capitalism is considered as a system which is able to build a stable world free from confrontation. As a result, peaceful coexistence has been much more seriously emphasized as a basic concept for contemporary mutual cooperation between two world systems, capitalism and communism. The radical improvement of South Korean-Soviet relationship coincidentally with the diplomatic normalization of Sino-Soviet relations might hurt U.S. strategic position in balancing Soviet presence in Northeast Asia, Not only for its pursuit of democratization, but also for bolstering the improvement of its relationship with the Soviet Union, it is necessary for South Korea to redefine and reevaluate its relationship with the United States to demonstrate enhanced independence. However, in improving its relationship with the Soviet Union, South Korea should take careful measures not to break the balance of power in Northeast Asia. Soviet approach to South korea might be judged as serious measures motivated by Soviet interest in enhancing stability and cooperation around Northeast Asia where the untapped land of Siberia lies. Given the fact that the U.S. -centered foreign policy of the Soviet Union is deeply rooted, unbalanced power vaccum might cause Soviet “hegemonism” in the area, intended to improve Soviet position in its competition with the United States.