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터널 라이닝에 작용하는 합리적인 잔류수압 적용방안 검토
정국영,김지엽,김지훈,문훈기,Jung, Kuk-Young,Kim, Ji-Yeop,Kim, Ji-Hun,Moon, Hoon-Ki 한국터널지하공간학회 2011 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.13 No.6
지중에 건설되는 터널은 대부분 지하수위 하부에 위치하므로 지하수 처리문제는 터널의 장기운영에 있어 매우 중요하다. 배수형 터널의 경우 수리기능이 원활하면 라이닝에 수압이 작용하지 않으나 장기 운영으로 인해 배수시스템의 열화가 진행되면서 라이닝 배면에 잔류수압이 작용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 배수재 및 배수공 폐색 조건에 따른 터널에 작용하는 수압분포를 ICFEP프로그램을 활용하여 수치해석적으로 고찰하고 현재 적용중인 잔류수압과의 비교 분석을 통해 라이닝에 작용하는 합리적인 잔류수압 적용 방안을 검토하였다. Control of ground water is one of the most important factors for long-term operation of tunnel because most tunnels are located under the ground water level. In case of a drainage tunnel, there is no pore water pressure on the lining when the drainage system is properly working. After long-term operation, however, residual pore water pressure can be developed on the lining due to the deterioration of the drainage system. In this study, the water pressure distribution under obstruction condition of drainage material and conduit on the tunnel is numerically investigated using the ICFEP program and compared with the current value being applied to the residual water pressure for rational application plan of residual water pressure on the tunnel linings.
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The effects of pycnogenol on antioxidant enzymes in a mouse model of ozone exposure
이민성,박무균,장안수,문국영,배다정 대한내과학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.28 No.2
Background/Aims: Ozone is an environmentally reactive oxidant, and pycnogenol is a mixture of f lavonoid compounds extracted from pine tree bark that have antioxidant activity. We investigated the effects of pycnogenol on reactive nitrogen species, antioxidant responses, and airway responsiveness in BALB/c mice exposed to ozone. Methods: Antioxidant levels were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from BALB/c mice in filtered air and 2 ppm ozone with pycnogenol pretreatment before ozone exposure (n = 6) were quantified colorimetrically using the Griess reaction. Results: Uric acid and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly higher in BAL fluid following pretreatment with pycnogenol, whereas γ-tocopherol concentrations were higher in the ozone exposed group but were similar in the ozone and pycnogenol pretreatment groups. Retinol and γ-tocopherol concentrations tended to increase in the ozone exposure group but were similar in the ozone and pycnogenol pretreatment groups following ozone exposure. Malonylaldehyde concentrations increased in the ozone exposure group but were similar in the ozone and pycnogenol plus ozone groups. The nitrite and total NO metabolite concentrations in BAL fluid, which parallel the in vivo generation of NO in the airways, were significantly greater in the ozone exposed group than the group exposed to filtered air, but decreased with pycnogenol pretreatment. Conclusions: Pycnogenol may increase levels of antioxidant enzymes and decrease levels of nitrogen species, suggesting that antioxidants minimize the effects of acute ozone exposure via a protective mechanism.
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