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심정지 환자에서 기관 내관의 위치 확인을 위한 방법으로 연속 파형 이산화탄소 측정법과 초음파의 비교: 전향적 관찰 연구
노종갑,조영순,김호중 대한응급의학회 2012 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.23 No.5
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and timeliness of using tracheal ultrasound for examination of endotracheal tube placement in cardiac arrest patients. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study,conducted at the emergency department of a university teaching hospital. Patients underwent emergency intubation due to cardiac arrest. Airway ultrasonography was performed during emergency intubation with the transducer placed transversely at the trachea over the suprasternal notch. Quantitative waveform capnography was used as the criterion standard for confirmation of tracheal intubation. The main outcome was the timeliness between airway ultrasonography and capnography. Results: A total of 16 patients and 19 intubations were included in the analysis. The endotracheal tube was placed in the trachea in 16 intubations and in the esophagus in three intubations. The overall sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for confirmation of tracheal intubation was 100%, respectively. The capnography application time after intubation was 17.5(10.0~32.5) seconds. The capnograpny confirmation time after application was 30(10~120) seconds. The ultrasound confirmation time for endotracheal tube placement after application was 5(4~5) seconds. Conclusion: When patients were in a low pulmonary blood flow state, such as cardiac arrest, capnography confirmation of endotracheal tube placement was not rapid and needed a lot of times. Ultrasound confirmation was very rapid and accurate, and was not affected by pulmonary blood flow. Ultrasound confirmation of endotracheal tube placement is more useful in the emergency department.
응급의료센터 기관내 삽관 환자의 적절한 커프(cuff) 압력 유지를 위한 무저항 주사기(Loss of Resistance Syringe)의 적용
김혜미,조영순,노종갑,김호중 대한응급의학회 2012 대한응급의학회지 Vol.23 No.6
Application of a Loss of Resistance Syringe for Obtaining the Adequate Cuff Pressures of Endotracheal Intubated Patients in an Emergency Department Hye Mi Kim, M.D., Jong Kab No, M.D., Young Soon Cho, M.D., Ho Jung Kim, M.D. Purpose: The endotracheal tube cuff pressure must be kept within the optimal range. This study compared the usefulness of the conventional pilot balloon palpation technique using a 10 cc disposable syringe and passive release technique using a Loss of Resistance (LOR) syringe for obtaining adequate intracuff pressures of endotracheal intubated patients in an emergency department. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study,conducted at the emergency department of a university teaching hospital. Patients who required endotracheal intubation in an emergency department were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: one group who underwent the pilot balloon palpation technique using a conventional syringe (group A, n=40) and the other group who underwent the passive release technique using a LOR syringe technique (group B, n=40). The amount of air that infused into the cuff and the cuff pressure were measured. Results: The mean cuff pressures of groups A and B were 41.0±23.7 cmH2O and 23.7±16.5 cmH2O, respectively. The mean cuff pressure of group A were significantly higher than group B (p=0.002). The mean air volume that infused into the cuff of groups A and B were 8.6±2.6 ml and 7.6±2.4 ml, respectively, showing no significant difference (p=0.688). The proportion of the optimal cuff pressure (Normal range: 22-32 cmH2O) of group A (9/40, 22.5%)was higher than that of group B (3/40, 7.5%). Conclusion: The range of air volumes and pressures for cuff inflation varied and it may not be possible to obtain the appropriate pressure using the LOR syringe technique. The endotracheal tube cuff pressure must be kept within the optimal range using a pressure monitor control inflator.