A Formal Semantics of Deictic Locative Perspective

남승호 사단법인 한국언어학회 1995 언어학 Vol.0 No.17

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기점과 착점 논항의 통사-의미 구조에 대한 유형론적 연구

남승호 한국언어학회 2009 언어 Vol.34 No.3

This is a typological study on the syntax and semantics of Goal and Source expressions in natural language. The paper, extending the proposals of Nam (2005), identifies and accounts for the syntactic and semantic asymmetry between Goal and Source arguments. The kernel of the asymmetry is that the Goal argument is "closer" to the verb than the Source is. The paper illustrates this asymmetry from three different but related points of view: (i) The paper illustrates three basic forms of Goal and Source arguments: Adpositional phrases, verbal affixes, and independent verb phrases. (ii) Syntactically, Goal phrases are relatively free in scrambling and preposition incorporation whereas Source phrases are subject to severe restrictions in movement and incorporation. (iii) Semantically, Goal phrases, unlike Source phrases, are interpreted as a predicate extensor as well as a predicate modifier, and further, Goal phrases may extend the event structure of the modified predicate by specifying a location change, and so the events get interpreted as telic.

한국어 이동 동사의 의미구조와 논항교체

남승호 서울대학교 어학연구소 2003 語學硏究 Vol.39 No.1

This paper defines `movement verbs' as those which denote an event of location change, and characterizes their lexical semantic structures consisting of event-, argument-, case- and qualia- structures. The paper classifies and accounts for the argument alternations of the verbs in terms of underspecification of event structure. Events of location change involve a moving object and its trajectory:the former is denoted by AGENT or THEME argument and the latter is denoted by a locative argument (SOURCE, GOAL, DIRECTION, or PATH). The paper illustrates six types of argument structures of movement verbs, which include transitive verbs as we1l as intransitive ones. We assume that the aspectual meaning of the verb is determined by the event structure, particularly the HEAD-feature of the event (Pustejovsky 1995). Assuming eight different simplex/complex event structures, the paper illustrates seven argument alternation patterns of motion verbs, and accounts for their polysemous nature in terms of underspecification of HEAD-value.

처소논항 교체의 의미론 : 자동사와 형용사를 중심으로 Focused on intransitive and abjectival constructions

남승호 서울대학교 어학연구소 2002 語學硏究 Vol.38 No.1

This paper proposes a semantic typology of intransitive verbs and adjectives in Korean which involve locative alternation: (ⅰ) sound emission predicates, (ⅱ) light emission predicates, and (ⅲ) predicates of full occupancy. The paper further notes that the typology is closely related to and supported by their argument structures and their frequency in alternating constructions: i.e., [LOCATION-nominative] vs. [LOCATION-locative]. The paper claims that (ⅰ) only [LOCATION-nom] construction implies holistic effect; (ⅱ) the other argument NP in [LOCATION-nom] construction is interpreted as 'Cause' (but not as 'Instrument') of the event of the sentence; (ⅲ) another locative alternation between [LOCATION-ey] and [LOCATION-eyse] is allowed only in case the predicate lexically denotes an atelic aspectuality; (ⅳ) if a [+human] nominal occurs as [LOCATION-nom], the NP is interpreted as a thematized location and the VP is an individual level predication of the thematized NP; and (ⅴ) another similar but different locative alternation with a source NP can also be analysed in terms of causative event structure. The paper formally characterizes the lexical meaning of locative alternation predicates in terms of event structure, argument structure, case structure, and qualia structure (Pustejovsky, 1995). The same analysis can be extended to transitive locative alternations.

‘심리명사+ 오다/가다’의 직시적 비대칭성

남승호 사단법인 한국언어학회 2017 한국언어학회 학술대회지 Vol.2017 No.6

경험의 유형과 증거성: 지각과 인식을 중심으로

남승호 사단법인 한국언어학회 2020 한국언어학회 학술대회지 Vol.2020 No.12

『입보리행론』(Bodhicaryāvatāra)에 사용된 산스끄리뜨 운율 연구

남승호 인도철학회 2019 印度哲學 Vol.0 No.56

Bodhicaryāvatāra of Śantideva is dated around 8 C.E. and since then it has been a very popular Mahāyāna text both in the country of origin ― India and in distant China. Once it reached Tibet it came to be accepted as a standard text deliberating on the basic tenets of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Over the years it remains a much-acclaimed work that promulgates Mahāyāna principles in a mellifluous and poetic style. A lot of research has been done on the text especially in Europe and in America. Another reason for its enduring popularity is the author’s skillful use of diverse meters in Sanskrit. Perhaps he adopted this ornamental style to grip the attention initially of the listener and later the reader and make their first interaction with the text an unforgettable experience. The varied meters only enhance the sublime content of the book and not detract it. In the hands of this master craftsman the meters become an effective means to help the followers, monks and lay people of the mundane world, to emotionally connect with the profound truth of Bodhicitta and the 6 Paramitas. Virtues which one need to practice to attain the level of perfect Buddhahood for the sake of suffering sentient beings. In my article, the area of focus is the Chanda or Sanskrit prosody used by Śantideva. In India, to study the Vedas one must study the 6 limbs of the Vedas called the 6 vedāṅgas as they help one to accurately understand the holy texts. One of the 6 vedāṅgas is Meter or Prosody(Chandas). Buddhist scholars, following the Sanskrit tradition also used meters(Chandas) in their works which enhanced the musical and aesthetic appeal of their compositions. I shall discuss the kinds of Meters used by Śāntideva in his text Bodhicaryāvatāra. My purpose is to establish how Sanskrit prosody or meter assisted in the oral transmission of the Bodhicaryāvatāra. To show how the Chandas add to the efficacy in transmission of the Buddhist knowledge. It will also be my attempt to show how knowledge of meter can be useful in determining the correct meaning of the words in a text when one is working with various manuscripts (pertaining to a particular text) in order to compose a critical edition of the text. 샨띠데바가 지은 『입보리행론』은 8세기에 인도에서 저술된 이후 인도뿐 아니라 티벳, 중국 등 대승불교권에 걸쳐 널리 전파되어 유행하였고, 오늘날에도 서구와 유럽의 많은 언어로 번역된 후 보급 되어 연구되고 있다. 그 이유는 이 책이 대승불교 철학의 핵심을 담은 입문서로서의 역할을 충실히 수행하였기 때문이다. 또한 게송을 지을 때 쓰인 산스끄리뜨 운율이 텍스트의 메시지를 담는 그릇으로서의 역할을 수행하면서 샨띠데바의 진리에 대한 철학적 통찰과 진리에 이르는 실천 수행법을 전달하는 매개체의 역할을 훌륭히 수행하고 있기 때문이다. 산스끄리뜨 운율이 주는 리듬감과 간결성은 어려운 경전들을 외워나가고 그 의미를 음미하고 이해해 나가는 데에 아주 효과적인 장치가 된다. 또한 간결하기 때문에 반복적으로 소리를 내어 암기하기에도 아주 좋다. 기록 문자가 발달하지 않았던 시대에 운율학의 발전 또한 필연적이었고, 이것을 배움으로 해서 학생들은 텍스트의 철학적인 면 외에 운율을 적용해 나가는 수학적인 면과 또한 운율의 리듬이 불러일으키는 정서적인 면도 동시에 접할 수 있게 되는 것이다. 운율의 지식은 필사본의 교정본을 만들 경우, 글자가 지워져서 잘 보이지 않거나, 또는 여러가지 판본들 중에서 다른 글자가 있을 때, 적합한 글자를 결정할 때도 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.

비정규전 시 현지 정보원 모집 및 관리방안 연구

남승호 한국국가안보국민안전학회 2022 한국국가안보·국민안전학회지 Vol.14 No.-

본 연구는 비정규전 시 가장 해결하기 어려운 현지 정보원 모집 및 관리를 위한 전략적 대안제시와 대책마련을 제시하였다. 현재 비정규전을 위한 현지 정보원 모집 및 관리의 중요성은 입증되었으나, 현지 정보원 모집 및 관리에 대한 명확한 자료 역시 극히 제한적이다. 따라서 6·25전쟁 당시 육군 첩보부대 정보원 모집 및 관리 사례를 통해 국가 및 상급 부대에서 정보원 제공이 제한될 경우에 대비하여 현지 정보원 모집 및 관리방안을 제시하였다. 지금까지의 연구결과를 종합하여 비정규전 시 현지 정보원 모집 및 관리방안을 위한 시사점은 세 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 비정규전에서 현지정보원 모집도 중요하지만 어떻게 관리 하는가 주요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 북한의 사회구조와 현 북한의 정세를 우선적으로 고려해야 하며, 주민계층 분류를 인지해야 한다. 셋째, 현지에서 정보원을 모집하였다 하더라도 현지정보원 대화기술, 질문기술, 모집절차, 관리방안 등 숙달되어야 하며, 각종 우발상황을 가정하여 이에 따른 준비가 필요하다. 현지정보원은 비정규전을 위해 필요한 존재들이다. 성공적인 비정규전을 위해 정보원 모집 및 관리의 중요성을 알고 국가차원에서 현지 정보원 모집을 위한 대책을 강구하여야 한다. This study suggested strategic alternatives and countermeasures for recruiting and managing local informants, which are the most difficult to solve during irregular warfare.Currently, the importance of recruiting and managing local informants for irregular warfare has been proven, but clear data on the recruitment and management of local informants are also extremely limited. Therefore, through the case of recruitment and management of intelligence agents for the army's intelligence units during the Korean War, a plan for recruiting and managing local intelligence agents was presented in case the provision of information sources was restricted in the state and higher-level units.In particular, in this study, for the recruitment and management of local informants during irregular warfare, understanding of North Korean residents' class classification, information source recruitment and dialogue and questioning techniques, and information source recruitment procedures and management methods were presented.

사건 구조와 논항 실현

남승호 사단법인 한국언어학회 2016 한국언어학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.6

Directional Locatives in Event Structure: Asymmetry between Goal and Source

남승호 사단법인 한국언어학회 2005 언어학 Vol.0 No.43

This paper focuses on the syntactic and semantic asymmetry between Goal (e.g., into the store) and Source locatives (e.g., from the store), which have not been properly contrasted but classified as directional locatives in the literature. Based on their syntactic and semantic asymmetry, the paper argues that these locatives have distinct underlying base positions in extended VP-structure and different semantic scope/contribution in event structure. This paper claims: (i) Goal PPs are generated under the lower VP2, and they semantically compose a core event (result state) denoted by the lower VP2; (ii) Source PPs are generated under the higher VP1, and semantically modify the process sub-event. Source locatives do not compose a core event. This paper identifies an interface principle between syntax and semantics of Goal/Source locatives, and further argues that the interface principle accounts for the non-directional readings of Goal/Source phrases in natural language.