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      • KCI등재

        고령 쾌빈리 유적으로 본 대가야의 식생과 생업에 대한 검토

        남도인 한국문화유산협회 2021 야외고고학 Vol.- No.42

        이 글은 고령 쾌빈리 433-11유적에서 확인된 남북수로와 습지에서 출토된 유기물 자료 등을 통해 대가야의 식생과 생업에 대하여 접근하였다. 그 결과, 식생과 생업을 결정짓는 가장 큰 요인은 기후와 자연지형이고 여기에 중심지역으로 집중된 인구수 증가와 함께 인위적인 시설물 설치 등을 꼽을 수 있다. 유적의 서쪽으로 주산이 있고 동쪽으로는 낙동강의 지류인 대가천이 북에서 남으로 흘러 충적지가 넓게 형성되어 있다. 유적 중앙부는 습지지역으로 일정 기간 물이 얕게 잠겨 있고 각종 식물들이 분포하는 특징과 함께 인간거주 주변에 형성되어 있어 다양한 자료를 포함한다. 또 습지는 자연적으로 형성된 것으로 확인되며, 남북방향의 인공수로가 조성되어 그 내부에 포함된 유기물 분석자료는 당시 식생과 생활환경 변화를 반영하여 유용한 자료가 된다. 분석된 자료와 주변 유적의 자료를 결부시켜 당시 상황을 유추하면 삼국(대가야)시대는 현재와 비슷한 기후이고 동쪽 안림천과 회천의 충적지에 벼와 보리, 기장, 딸기, 포도, 달래 등의 자생종과 함께 박과 매실 등의 외래종 식용식물을 재배하였다. 다만 복숭아의 경우 과수원 형태로 유적 주변에서 다수 재배했을 가능성이 높아 보인다. 아울러 소, 돼지, 말, 닭 등의 사육도 주변에서 이루어졌고 육식과 함께 민물생선인 누치와 바다생선인 대구와 청어류, 두드럭고둥 등의 조개류도 섭취하였다. 일부 물품은 교역을 통해 충당하였고 소나 돼지의 경우 일부는 생식한 것으로 판단된다. 한편 대가야 전성기에는 궁성지 주변 도시계획 일환으로 다양한 목적을 가진 남북수로를 인위적으로 건설하여 외(外) 해자 혹은 운하로 이용하다가 멸망과 함께 방치되어 자연적으로 소멸하게 된 것으로 추정된다. 물론 자연재해의 영향에 의한 변화일 가능성도 있으므로 향후 이 지역의 고고학 자료가 좀 더 풍부지면 명확하게 밝혀질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This article approached the vegetation and livelihood of Daegaya through the data of organic matter excavated from the north and south waterways and wetlands identified from the 433-11 ruins of Kwaebin-ri, Goryeong. As a result, the biggest factors that determine vegetation and livelihood are climate and natural topography, and the increase in the number of people concentrated in the central area and the installation of artificial facilities can be cited. To the west of the ruins is Jusan Mountain, and to the east, Daegacheon Stream, a tributary of the Nakdonggang River, flows from north to south, forming a wide alluvial area. In addition, it is confirmed that wetlands were formed naturally. An artificial waterway in the north-south direction was created, and the organic material analysis data included therein are useful data reflecting changes in vegetation and living environment at the time. If the analyzed data and the surrounding ruins are combined to infer the situation at the time, the Three Kingdoms (Daegaya) era has a similar climate to the present In the alluvial area of Hoecheon Stream in the east, foreign edible plants such as gourd and plum were grown along with native species such as rice, barley, millet, strawberry, grape, and wild chive. However, in the case of peaches, it seems highly likely that many peaches were cultivated around the ruins in the form of orchards. In addition, cattle, pigs, horses, and chickens were raised nearby, and shellfish such as freshwater fish Nuchi, sea fish Daegu, herring, and hives were consumed along with meat. Some items were covered through trade, and in the case of cattle and pigs, some are believed to have been Reproduction. Meanwhile, it is estimated that during the heyday of Daegaya, inter-Korean waterways with various purposes were artificially constructed and used as foreign waters or canals as part of urban planning around the palace site, but were left unattended with destruction and naturally disappeared. Of course, there is a possibility that it may be a change due to the influence of natural disasters, so it is expected to be clarified when the area’s archaeological data becomes richer in the future.

      • KCI등재

        Specially Programmed Respiratory Muscle Training for Singers by Using Respiratory Muscle Training Device(Ultrabreathe)

        남도,임재열,안철민,최홍식 연세대학교의과대학 2004 Yonsei medical journal Vol.45 No.5

        Respiratory muscle training is one of the major methods for enhancing the vocal function. Singers who must use their voice most frequently are well aware of the importance of respiration. However, most of them do not know precisely how to exercise their abdominal respiration. Using a respiratory training device, singers are expected to gain more efficiency in their vocal enhancement. The aim of the study was to examine the pulmonary function, the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and the maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and the maximum phonation time (MPT) in five female voice-majors students after undergoing specially programmed respiratory muscle training for 2 months. All the voice-majors had an average of 4.8 years of formal classical voice training. A respiratory muscle training device (UltrabreatheⓇ), Tangent health Care Inc., England) was used to train the respiratory muscle. None of the pulmonary function test variables had changed after respiratory muscle training. However, the MIP, MEP, and MPT were significantly increased higher after the respiratory muscle training. This suggests that the specially programmed respiratory muscle training can improve the respiratory muscle strength and vocal function without increasing the pulmonary function.

      • KCI등재

        Countertenor 1인의 Modal Register와 Falsetto Register에서의 공기역학적 변화 및 전기성문파형의 변화 연구

        남도,최성희,최재남,최홍식,Nam, Do-Hyun,Choi, Seong-Hee,Choi, Jae-Nam,Choi, Hong-Shik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2006 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

        Background and Objectives: Countertenors who can produce higher vocal pitch like female classical singer's voice and use both modal and falsetto register. This study was conducted to study phonatory characteristics between modal and falsetto register of the countertenor. Materials and Methods: A male countertenor who had 8 years of experience was examined using a videostroboscopy and his voice was analyzed using aerodynamic measures; fundamental frequency(F0), Mean air flow rate(MFR), intensity(SLP), subglottal air pressure(Psub) with phonatory function analyzer(Nagashima) and acoustic measures; jitter, shimmer, HNR, closed quotient(CQ) using a Electro-glottography(EGG) of Lx. Speech Studio(Laryngoscope, Ltd, UK) and voice range profile of CSL(Kay elemetrics). Results: In the stroboscopy finding, the longitudinal length of vocal folds was increased at the falsetto register and the upper margin of vocal folds vibrated with incomplete closure of true vocal folds. In aerodynamic analysis, intensity was same at the modal and falsetto register. However, MFR, Psub, MPT were higher at the falsetto register. In the electroglottographic analysis, closed quotient(CQ) at the modal register was high and also much higher at the high-pitch falsetto than at the loud falsetto. In the VRP, intensity was similar though F0 was different between modal and falsetto register. Conclusion: It implied that countertenor could produce powerful voice quality by increasing of respiratory pressure and respiratory volume though glottal closure was incomplete. In addition, no change of EGG waveform, similar voice range with alto was observed.

      • KCI등재

        후두위치의 변화에 따른 Singer's Formant와 성대접촉률의 변화 연구

        남도,최성희,최재남,전석필,최홍식,Nam, Do-Hyun,Choi, Seong-Hee,Choi, Jae-Nam,Chun, Suck-Pil,Choi, Hong-Shik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2004 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

        Background and Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of Fundamental Frequency(Hz), Closed Quotient(Qx ; %), Intensity(dB), Vocal tract length and width(cm), formant frequency(Hz), level of formant frequency(dB) depending on the larynx position. Materials and Methods : One professional male singer(career : 28 years) produced sustained vowel /a/,/e/,/i/,/o/,/u/ in two larynx position (higher, lower) with Dr. Speech and video fluoroscopy was used to quantify the vocal tract morphology. Results : In lower larynx position, CQ is increased 9.8% and Intensity is increased about 10% and level of Formant Frequency is increased. And also Vocal tract length is longer 2.4cm, Vocal tract width(Anterior width : 0.4cm, lateral width : 0.2cm) is wider than in higher larynx position. Conclusions : Singer's formant has a prominent spectrum envelope peak near 2400-2600Hz by clustering of F3, F4 and F5 near 3400Hz in lower larynx position.

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