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      • KCI등재

        노인의 언어 및 의사소통에 대한 연구동향

        김화수(Wha Soo Kim),김시현(Si Hyun Kim) 한국언어치료학회 2017 언어치료연구 Vol.26 No.3

        Purpose: Due to increased interest in life-span development and social transformation from aging, interest in senescence is increasing in the field of speech-language pathology. This study comprehensively examined studies of the language and communication of senior citizens who are normal and in pathological aging process to consider the direction of future elderly-related linguistic studies based on recent study trends. Methods: The study selected a total of 53 papers for analysis by searching domestic literature from 2000 to 2016 and processing these through a standard selection process. Results: The results were as follows. First, as for the chronological condition of studies, there has been a rapid increase in studies regarding the language and communication of the elderly since 2014 compared to the early 2000s. Second, the major subject of study was pathological senescence rather than normal aging, and as for the subcategory of pathology, Alzheimer s disease accounted for the largest portion. Third, experimental studies based on observation method were the most common study methods and they all belonged to cross study. Also, as for the evaluation subject of the study, utilization of naming was the highest. Fourth, as for the study topic from linguistic point of view, the most frequent study topic was linguistic expression followed by receptive language and speech area. Conclusions: This study has captured the increase in interest toward the language and communication of the elderly and its active study flow also confirmed the tendency to concentrate on certain subjects, methods, and topics regarding the balance of studies. Referring to this, there is a need to conduct various studies in order to multilaterally evaluate and support the communication of the elderly.

      • KCI등재

        경도지적장애 청소년의 조망수용 및 상위언어능력 비교 연구

        김화수 ( Kim Wha-soo ),임소연 ( Lim So Yeon ) 한국지적장애교육학회 2021 지적장애연구 Vol.23 No.1

        [Purpose] The purpose of this study is to investigate the developmental level and characteristics of perspective-taking and meta-linguistic ability on adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities to be used as the basis for linguistic mediation. [Method] The subject of this study was a total of 30 people of 15 adolescents aged between 19 and 21 with mild intellectual disabilities with language age of 8~9;11(hereinafter 'intellectually handicapped group') and 15 children(hereinafter 'non-disabled group') of the same language age as adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities. The data processing was performed by conducting independent sample t-test.[Result] According to the overall score results of perspective-taking ability and meta-linguistic ability between groups, the overall score of intellectually handicapped group was higher than non-disabled group. By subcategory, there was a significant difference in intention, thinking, and feeling of perspective-taking ability and there was a significant difference in phonological, syntactic, and pragmatic of meta-linguistic ability. [Conclusion] The significance of this study is that this study has investigated perspective-taking ability and meta-linguistic ability on intellectually handicapped group that has not been attempted recently. Furthermore, this study is expected to be used as basic data for establishing linguistic mediation or conducting a research related to perspective-taking ability and meta-linguistic ability.

      • KCI등재

        인터뷰 담화에 나타난 경도지적장애 성인의 담화표지 사용 특성

        김화수 ( Kim Wha-soo ),이후인 ( Lee Hu-in ),이근용 ( Rhee Kun-yong ) 한국지적장애교육학회 2021 지적장애연구 Vol.23 No.2

        [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of discourse markers used in interview discourse among adults with mild intellectual disabilities, and to learn about what types of discourse markers, frequency of use are compared with the group that matched their living age. [Method] The subject of this study was a total of 30 people of 15 adults aged between 18 and 24 with mild intellectual disabilities(hereinafter 'intellectually handicapped group') and 15 university student(hereinafter 'university student group') of the same living age as adults with mild intellectual disabilities. The data analysis was analyzed according to the discourse marker analysis framework that modified and supplemented previous research. [Result] The two groups showed almost the same percentage of use of discourse markers in overall utterances as 12.63 percent of adults with intellectual disabilities and 12.5 percent of university adults with matching their living age. When it comes to the overall use of discourse markers according to the discourse function, the group of adults with mild intellectual disabilities use a total of 410 times (37.79%) of filling in gaps. the group of adults with intellectual disabilities was significantly lower than the university group of students who matched their age in life in returning to the subject, deepening the subject, expressing attitude by emphasizing, expressing attitude by weakening , and expressing careful attitude. the group of adults with intellectual disabilities used discourse markers 'geu' a total of 116 (28.29%) in filling in gaps, and showed a high frequency of 10.69% of the total discourse markers. [Conclusion] As a result, there were no significant differences in the percentage of using discourse markers between the groups. However, the group of adults with mild intellectual disabilities used the fewer number of discourse markers in general, employed the fewer number of discourse marker in each subtype, and demonstrated the limited varieties compared to their counterparts. Therefore, these findings suggest the importance of providing the linguistic intervention on discourse markers for adults with mild intellectual disabilities.

      • KCI등재

        노인 언어재활에 대한 노인복지시설 종사자의 인식과 수요 조사

        김화수(Wha Soo Kim),김시현(Si Hyun Kim),천정민(Jeong Min Cheon) 한국언어치료학회 2018 언어치료연구 Vol.27 No.3

        Purpose: This study aims to investigate the awareness and demand of welfare facilities workers for senior citizens regarding language rehabilitation for the elderly and to raise the necessity of support for senior citizens’ communications and the corresponding directionality in the aging society. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 126 welfare facility workers in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk region via Google Mobile. Results: Firstly, most of the senior citizens in the welfare facilities (88.9%) showed real communication problems as compared with others who are under language rehabilitation services (48.4%). Secondly, the workers at assisted-living facilities (3.65%) demonstrated stronger awareness of language problems of the elderly than the workers at welfare centers for senior citizens (3.30%). Thirdly, most workers (86.5%) responded that they were willing to advise the elderly to receive language rehabilitation services when they have language problems. As for the places for language rehabilitation services, language therapy centers (35.6%) are the most preferred. As for the personnel to provide services, the strongest preference is with speech-language pathologists (75.9%). The most preferred frequency for therapy is 2-3 times a week (65.1%). Individualized therapy was found to be most ideal (49.2%). As for the cost-bearing, social insurance and vouchers (74.3%) were found to be most appropriate. Finally, as for the demand for language rehabilitation, workers of both facilities manifested the highest need for implementation of services of language rehabilitation vouchers. Conclusions: This study raised the necessity of support for the communication of senior citizens and the corresponding directionality. It is expected that it will be used as a basic material in the process of establishing policy of language rehabilitation services for the elderly.

      • KCI등재

        경도 지적장애 청소년의 의사소통에 나타난 주제 운용 능력

        김화수 ( Wha Soo Kim ),최예슬 ( Ye Seul Choi ),이근용 ( Geun Yong Lee ) 한국지적장애교육학회 2015 지적장애연구 Vol.17 No.2

        The study targeted mild intellectual disability students to figure out the difficulties they are experiencing in any subtypes by analysing Topic maintenance ability. The subject of study was 20 students having mild intellectual disability in ○○ University and 20 people whose language-age were accorded with. Conversation between researcher and subject was consisted of 6 familiar topics, and it was recorded for about 10minutes, then analyzed the conversation order followed by analyzing standard of transfer and topic management utterance. Results of study summarize in 2 points. First, comparison made between group of mild intellectual disabilities and group of accorded language-age in a topic of Utterance frequency subtypes of topic maintenance ability. Both result in a manner of initiating topics and means of maintaining the topics were statistically meaningful. As each sub-subject, ``A simple consent and objection`` section of collaboration in topic and ``Add information (Extention)`` section of incorporation in topic were statistically meaningful so it represents the meaningful result at both collaboration and incorporation in topic. And lastly comparing frequency of utterance in maintaining relevant topics were also statistically meaningful. Secondly, in the sections of Measurements in Dependency on topic maintenance, number of topics presented by child, rate of initiating topic in total, rate of initiating appropriate topic, rate of initiating inappropriate topic, topic maintenance rate, maintenance rate of appropriate topic, maintenance rate of inappropriate topic were all statistically meaningful. In conclusion, group of a mild intellectual disabilities showed enthusiastic attitude as a speaker suggesting topic among topic management ability than group of accorded language-age but they showed low level of ability in presenting appropriate topics as repeatedly re-introducing the same topic. Also, subject appeared to be a passive dialogist primarily depending on the topic suggested by a partner. They continued the conversation with suggested topic in a cooperative attitude. However topic was maintained with ambiguous contents and extended conversation through adding information in preceded utterance was not seen but simple agreement or objection in his or her conversation turn was carried out. Therefore as a dialogist, mild intellectual disabilities in a society still have low ability in maintenance of the topic. Thus it is considered to design well-planned and detailed mediation dialogue programme through reviewing characteristics of subtype in maintenance of topics for adult mild intellectual disabilities.

      • KCI등재

        국내 경도지적장애인의 언어 특성과 관련된 연구 동향 고찰 : 2000년부터 2016년까지

        김화수 ( Kim Wha-soo ),이숙 ( Lee Suk ),서다희 ( Seo Da-hee ),엄윤지 ( Eom Yun-ji ) 한국지적장애교육학회 2017 지적장애연구 Vol.19 No.1

        The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends related to language characteristics through analysis of Korean theses and journals related to language characteristics among the studies of mild intellectual disabilities from 2000 to 2016, will be. In this study, 68 theses and 20 journals related to mild intellectual disabilities were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the theses and journals related to the language of mildly handicapped people have been increasing since 2009 and have shown a rapid increase since 2013. Second, 80 researches (90%) were the most studied method. Third, the subjects of the study ranged from pre-school children to adults and the highest proportion of elementary school students. Fourth, 76% (86%) of education and treatment programs were occupied by study independent variables (suggested programs). Fifth, the subordinate variable of the study (program effectiveness) was the highest rate of 34 articles related to semantic domain. Sixth, the subordinate variables (effectiveness of the program) were the highest in the semantic domain (34). Seventh, the intervention program had the most intervention programs in 15 (48%) of the language characteristics. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to carry out various research methods in addition to the experimental research, by confirming the various language characteristics and the direction of intervention of the mental disabled persons. Especially, it is necessary to carry out the school life through the study of the children with mental retardation and the high school students before the school, and to help the linguistically in the transition period of important life.

      • KCI등재

        화행으로 살펴본 경도 지적장애 학생의 의사소통 특성 연구

        김화수 ( Kim Wha-soo ),엄윤지 ( Eom Yun-ji ),이근용 ( Lee Geun-yong ) 한국지적장애교육학회 2017 지적장애연구 Vol.19 No.2

        In this study, we tried to approach the problems of people with intellectual disabilities and their communication by studying the understanding ability of the students with mild intellectual disability and the type of error accordingly. For this purpose, we compared 20 students with mild intellectual disabilities (20 ~ 25 years old) at K Privince for Continuing Education with the results of 20 students who had same language age. The results of this study were as follows: First, students with mild intellectual disabilities showed statistically significantly lower scores than those of normal students who matched language age in direct speech comprehension ability. Second, mild intellectual disability students showed statistically significant differences compared to general students on language age who matched in the understanding ability of indirect language, and it was found that they had difficulty in understanding indirect language. Third, the two groups showed significant differences in understanding according to the types of indirect sentence patterns, and students with mild intellectual disability showed lower scores on the pseudo-sentence than the questioned sentences. Fourth, as a result of examining whether there are any differences in the types of errors of understanding the indirect speech between the two groups, the error frequency of recognition of students with mild intellectual disability was higher than that of general students in the understanding of indirect speech, And the reasoning errors used. In the error frequency ranking for intraspecific behavior, the frequency of false positives was high in both groups in the order of `statement`, `censorship`, and `order`. Especially, in the case of the testimonials, the with mild intellectual disabilities had a high error frequency of recognition, and the frequency of choosing a reasoning error using part of the context was also high. The results of mild intellectual disability adherence to the understanding of direct and indirect speech suggests that, in addition to self-control, self-determination, and independence education, more attention should be paid to communication difficulties that may arise during work life. In addition, we discussed the need for integrated communication support that enables communication with other people not only in spoken language ability but also in other language skills.

      • KCI등재

        아동언어장애와 관련된 작업기억 연구동향

        김화수(Wha Soo Kim),이세연(Se Yeon Lee) 한국언어치료학회 2013 언어치료연구 Vol.22 No.2

        Working memory is generally conceived as a dynamic mechanism that involves the capacity to store information over short periods of time while engaging in other cognitively demanding activities. The purpose of this study was to review international research studies that focused on speech-language pathology related to working memory published from 2000 to 2011. A total of 40 articles were selected and analyzed with respect to participants, research methods, independent variables, dependent variables, and major results. Depending on the type of disability of the child, many studies showed significant differences in the working memory capacity and impaired function in working memory. Current research trends related to working memory were that study is being increased through independent variables and complexity of tasks. Most studies measured the function of working memory in tasks assessing phonological loops, visual-spatial sketchpads, and central executives.

      • KCI등재

        이모티콘 이해 및 표현에 관한 연구: 지적장애 성인을 대상으로

        김화수 ( Kim Wha-soo ),이지우 ( Lee Ji-woo ),김소정 ( Kim So-jung ),김한얼 ( Kim Han-eul ),신수연 ( Sin Su-eun ),이아영 ( Lee A-young ) 한국지적장애교육학회 2019 지적장애연구 Vol.21 No.2

        The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of Emoticon comprehension and expressive ability among intellectual disability adults with language age of 10 ∼ 12 year, general-children with normal language age, and general-adults with normal language age. The subjects of this study were 15 adults with intellectual disabilities, 15 normal children (elementary school students in grade 4-6) who matched the language age with adults with intellectual disabilities, and 15 general-adults with non-intellectual disability. The research method was conducted by questionnaires related to the use of Emoticons. And then the emoticon understanding test and Emoticon expression test were performed separately. Understanding emoticon test and Expression test consisted of 20 questions in total of 5 items for each of the four types of emotions (happy, anger, sadness, pleasure). And the test items were composed by korean-text Emoticons, facial Emoticons, and character Emoticons. First, the survey results have the highest percentage of Emoticons used to represent conversations. The most popular Emoticons were 'happiness' and 'joy', and they send Emoticons to friend the most. Second, emoticon understanding test showed significant difference between adult group with intellectual disability and general-adult group, and general-children group. As a result of comparing the differences among groups by age, the age increases, the intellectual disability group increases the understanding ability of Emoticons. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the general-children and adult groups. Result of correct answer rate per question, adult group with intellectual disability showed high error rate in ‘sadness’. As a result of age - based emoticon test, there was no difference in the mean language age between 10 and 11 years of age in the intellectual disability group with language age of 10 ∼ 12 year, but the average increased at 12 years of age. These results were the same in the general-children group. According to a result of the test results, there was no difference in four emotions. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to more actively instruct the use of Emoticons to improve the conversational and communication skills of the people with intellectual disabilities.

      • KCI등재

        종성변별 프로그램이 취학 전 말소리장애 아동의 조음명료도와 읽기에 미치는 효과

        김화수(Kim, Wha-Soo),이지우(Lee, Ji-Woo),양한나(Yang, Han-Na) 한국영유아보육학회 2021 한국영유아보육학 Vol.- No.126

        본 연구의 목적은 종성변별 프로그램이 초등학교 입학을 앞둔 말소리장애 아동의 조음명료도 및 읽기에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하는 것에 있다. 만 6세 2개월~7세 2개월에 해당하는 취학 전 말소리장애 4명의 아동을 대상으로 종성변별 중재프로그램을 실시하였다. 전체 프로그램은 사전 검사, 기초선 1(3회기), 중재1단계(10회기), 기초선 2(3회기), 중재 2단계(10회기), 유지, 사후검사의 단계로 단일대상연구 중에서 ABAB디자인을 사용하여 프로그램의 효과성을 증명하였다. 그 결과 말소리장애 아동 4명 모두 단어 읽기에 효과를 나타내었으나 조음명료도는 3명의 아동이 향상되었다. 이는 종성변별 중재프로그램이 말소리장애 아동의 읽기 및 조음명료도 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 뜻한다. 또한 종성 생략의 오류를 보이는 말소리장애 아동의 경우 종성변별에 대한 지각 능력이 일반아동에 비해 낮음으로 종성에 대한 지각 능력을 키워줌으로써 긍정적인 효과를 촉진해 읽기 및 조음명료도를 개선할 수 있음을 보여준다. The purpose of this study is to find out how the final consonant discrimination program affects articulation intelligibility and reading of child with pre-school speech sound disorder. The subjects of the study were four children with pre-school speech sound disorder who were 6:2~7:2 months old. This study consisted of pre-test, baseline 1(3 sessions), intervention 1(10 sessions), baseline 2(3 sessions), intervention 2(10 sessions), maintenance, and post-test. In addition, this study proved the effectiveness of the program using ABAB design among single-subject research. The results of this study showed that all four children with speech sound disorder had an effect on word reading, and the three children had improved articulation intelligibility. These results indicate that the final consonant discrimination intervention program had a positive effect on the improvement of reading and articulation intelligibility of children with speech sound disorders. The results of this study also show that children with speech sound disorder who show errors in omission of final consonants can improve reading and articulation intelligibility by developing their perception ability on final consonant discrimination. can be promoted to improve reading and articulation intelligibility.

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