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      • 류성룡의 송대(宋代) 대외관계 인식과 「북변헌책의(北變獻策議)」 건의

        김한신 ( Kim Han-shin ) 서애학회 2020 서애연구 Vol.2 No.-

        For a long time Yu Seong-ryong had paid attention to the history of relation between ‘the state’ and ‘the barbarian’. The invasion of ‘the barbarian’ had given effective momentum on the destiny of ‘the state’. Yu found its classic model in the foreign relation of Song dynasty which served as the ideal state for many Joseon literati. The relation between Song dynasty and ‘the barbarian’ showed a sharp contrast on ‘the Civilized’(華) and ‘the Barbaric’(夷) to the Literati. In this regard the Literati of Joseon had pondered over how they could control the barbarian movement to make sure of preservation of ‘the Civilized’. Yu Seong-ryong wrote Doksaryeocheuk(讀史蠡測): A review on the history of Song dynasty with similar intention. He tried to record his long-standing thought about how Joseon could respond to the barbarian’s threat reinforcing his prejudice on ‘the civilized’ and ‘the barbarian’(華夷論). His prejudice on ‘the barbarian’ was grounded in the general trend that the Literati of Joseon had studied the history of Song dynasty invaded by ‘the barbarian’. In this perspective, Yu Seong-ryong proposed Bukbyeonheonchaekeui(北變獻策議): A suggestion for northern border issue to the Joseon Court including concrete measures about the foreign relation on ‘the barbarian’. In 1583, the year of Seonjo’s 16th reign, a huge rebeillion by ‘the barbarian’ happened, which was led by Nitanggae(尼湯介) who was the chief of Jurchens having lived at Hoiryeongjin(會寧鎭) area. The Jurchens resisted the arrogation of Hamgyeong Province(咸鏡道) officers. And Yu proposed Bukbyeonheonchaekeui as the foreign policy to restrain and subdue ‘the barbarian’. The policy Yu Seong-ryong proposed was an extension of the previous foreign policy of the Joseon Court from its early days. Given the conditions of time, the policy for Jurchens in the former period of Joseson could not be same with that of Seonjo’s reign. Moreover among policies of Seonjo’s reign there were many opionions of leading figures. Even in prejudice and bias there were so many differences through this period. In order to understand foreign relations and policies in each period we should examine one’s historical awareness, view of reality and plan for action individually. As for Yu Seong-ryong, he is important as the prime minister and chief director for armament in Imjin war. For that reason it is necessary to analyze his Doksaryeocheuk and Bukbyeonheonchaekeui connectively to bring light on the study for the foreign relation and policy of Seonjo’s reign.

      • KCI우수등재

        임진왜란기 유성룡의 남부지역 방어계획과 군비강화책(1593.4~1597.7)

        김한신(Kim, Han-shin) 역사학회 2018 역사학보 Vol.0 No.238

        About 1593, April, Yu Seong-Ryong began to propose defense plan for southern provinces. There have been three provinces in southern Korea, Gyeongsang; Jeolla; Chungcheong. After that he became the prime minister and it was 1593, October. He could implement his defense plan with Seonjo’s(선조) support. Generally it can be concluded that the defense plan of southern provinces matters the defending Gyeongsang Province first. But we should notice his change to revise and complement the proposition after the defeat of Jinju(진주) battle 1593, June. The change was to add on the emphasis on the strategic importance of the Right Gyeongsang Region(경상우도) in order to manage Gyeongsang and Jeolla securely at the same time. Briefly saying, the Joseon army should be prepared to cope with the attack early at the southern provinces, and perform the full scale battle at the middle provinces of the peninsula. This plan was not limited only to defend the two provinces. Ultimately it was for the defense of the capital city, Hanseong(漢城). To verify this truth, it is significant to study the defense plan covering southern provinces and middle provinces devised by Yu Seong-Ryong first.

      • KCI등재

        南宋代 眞德秀의 民間信仰에 대한 새로운 인식

        김한신(Kim, Han-Shin) 역사학회 2014 역사학보 Vol.0 No.221

        The Daoxue literati of the Southern Song argued an autonomous rule over the local community under the leadership of the Confucianism-oriented literati. Since they thought that the popular religious cults were not only the focal points of the local communities but also valuable methods for enlightening the ordinary people, they actively involved themselves in the popular worship. The unprecedented increase of the written prayers and the stele inscriptions for the local cults during the Southern Song period, in particular, obviously verifies the Daoxue literati’s active participation. In addition, they not only acknowledged the possibility of the worshiper’s communion with the spiritual beings but also tried to explain it through their theory of principle (li 理) and vital force (qi 氣). However, in terms of the social unrest that used to be caused by the popular worshipers’ enthusiastic participation in the popular religious practices like the temple festivals, they harshly criticized it also. Due to the Daoxue literati’s local activism, therefore, the popular religious cults became one of the biggest concerns for them. Consequently, the Southern Song thinkers chose the direct and practical approaches toward the popular religious cults to attain the goals of their local activism within each local community.

      • KCI등재

        과학관 과학 글쓰기 프로그램이 초등학생들의 논증구조 변화에 주는 영향 : 에너지와 기후변화 주제를 중심으로

        한신(Han, Shin),중한(Kim, Jung-Han),형범(Kim, Hyoungbum) 에너지기후변화교육학회 2020 에너지기후변화교육 Vol.10 No.3

        이 연구는 초등학교 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 ‘에너지 및 기후변화’와 관련된 과학 글쓰기 활동을 6주간에 걸쳐 실시하였고, 그들의 논증 구조가 어떠한 형태로 발달하는지를 알아보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 글쓰기 교육을 받기 전 초등학생들은 이유와 주장과 같은 논증 요소를 사용하였으나, 피드백을 활용한 과학 글쓰기 교육을 받은 후 이유, 근거, 반론수용, 반박과 같은 논증 요소의 사용빈도가 증가하였다. 둘째, 글쓰기 초기에 학생들은 주장과 이유로 이루어진 ‘이유형’의 과학 글쓰기 유형이 가장 많았으나, 점차 주장, 이유, 근거, 반론수용, 반박의 논증 요소를 모두 포함하는 ‘반박형’ 유형으로 발달하였다. 셋째, 지속적인 과학 글쓰기 활동과 피드백은 학생들의 논증 수준을 향상시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 넷째, 반구조화된 면담 결과 꾸준한 글쓰기와 지속적인 피드백, 그리고 과학 글쓰기 관련 수업이 학생들의 논증구조 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 끼친 것으로 나타났다. This study conducted science writing activities related to ‘energy and climate change’ for 6th grade elementary school students over 6 weeks, and investigated how their argument structure was developed. The results are as follows. First, First, before receiving writing education, elementary school students used argument elements such as claim and reason, but after receiving science writing education using feedback, the frequency of use of argument elements such as ‘reason, evidece, acknowledgement and rebuttal’ increased. Second, in the early days of writing, “reason types” were the most common, but gradually developed into “rebuttal types” that included all argument elements. Third, it was confirmed that continuous science writing activities and feedback improved the students level of argument. Forth, as a result of semi-structured interviews, it was found that constant writing, continuous feedback, and science writing- related classes had a positive effect on the development of the students’ argument structure.

      • KCI우수등재
      • 공기압 실린더의 구동특성에 관한 연구

        도태(Do-Tae Kim),장중걸(Zhong Jie Zhang),한신식(Shin-Sik Han) 한국생산제조학회 2009 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

        Pneumatic cushion cylinders are most widely used as actuators in automatic equipment because they are relatively inexpensive, simple to install and maintain, offer robust design and operation, are available in a wide range of standard sizes and design alternatives. Compressed air is a very expensive form of energy and therefore systems have been proposed to conserve pneumatic energy which mostly means lowering the supply pressure. The purpose of this paper is to compare meter-out and meter-in speed control of high speed pneumatic cushion cylinder. A mathematical simulation model of a double acting pneumatic cushion cylinder used the relief valve type is presented. The dynamic characteristics in the horizontally-mounted pneumatic cylinder, the meter-out and meter-in speed control are investigated with variation of the supply pressure, total mass, effective area of flow control valve, cracking pressure of relief valve, piston rod diameter, stroke, cushion sleeve length etc.

      • KCI등재

        남송대(南宋代) 성리학적(性理學的) 사후세계관(死後世界觀)의 형성

        김한신 ( Kim Han Shin ) 중국사학회 2019 中國史硏究 Vol.0 No.119

        Unlike the Northern Song reformers’(Xinfadang, 新法黨) state-centered approaches, the Daoxue literati(道學家) of the Southern Song argued an autonomous rule over the local community under the leadership of the Confucianism-oriented literati. The Daoxue literati extended their scope of reforms to the spiritual realms. Since they tried to cope with the overwhelming influence of the competitor religions like Buddhism on the lay people’s understandings of the afterlife, they built up the theory structure that explained the unseen world. Although they clearly denied the existence of the Ghosts as physical entities, they acknowledged the possibility of interaction with spiritual beings in exceptional cases and tried to explain them on the basis of the Li-Qi dualism(理氣論). Their contradictory descriptions on the spiritual beings were attributed to the needs for explanations of the subject of their prayers in the ancestral rites and a number of reference to the spiritual beings in the ancient Confucian scriptures, to which they assigned the absolute values. Consequently, the Southern Song Daoxue literati like Zhu Xi(朱熹) established the reasonable system of explanation of the spiritual worlds on the basis of the Li-Qi dualism. His explanation had had decisive affects on the later generations of the Daoxue literati all over East Asia since then.

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