물 관리 행정체계, 왜 변하지 않는가?: Mahoney의 자기강화모형 관점에서

김철회 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2013 行政論叢 Vol.51 No.4

본 연구는 해방 이후 우리나라 물 관리 행정체계의 개편과정을 경로의존성의 관점에서 분석하였다. 현재 우리나라의 물 관리 행정체계는 다수의 부처가 관여하고 있는 반면, 조정과 통합이 제대로 이루어지지 않아 매우 비효율적이라는 비판이 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 길게는 해방이후 60년, 작게는 1994년 이후 20 여 년 동안 큰 변화 없이 유지되고 있다. 본 연구는 그동안 학술적・실무적으로 물 관리의 효율성 강화를 위해 물 관리 행정체계를 획기적으로 개편해야 한다는 주장이 지속적으로 제기되어 왔음에도 불구하고, 1994년 이후 물 관리 행정체계가 큰 변화가 없이 유지되고 있는 현상을 Mahoney의 자기강화모형 중 권력중심의 설명에 기초하여 분석해 보았다. 분석결과, 1994년에 형성된 물 관리 행정체계는 당시 상대적으로 우월한 대안이 아니었음에도 불구하고, 예측할 수 없었던, 연속된 낙동강 수질오염사고를 결정적 계기로 우연히 선택되었으며, 이후 많은 도전에도 불구하고 큰 변화 없이 견고하게 유지되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그 이유는 권력중심의 자기강화모형을 통해 잘 설명될 수 있는데, 기존 체계로부터 편익을 누려왔던 핵심엘리트 집단인 국토부 관료들이 새로운 제도의 탄생으로 편익이 축소되는 것을 최소화하기 위해, 공식 및 비공식적 권력행사를 통해 제도를 유지해 온 것으로 분석되었다. 즉 국토부 관료들은 환경부 중심으로 물 관리를 일원화해야 한다는 주장을 조정기구인 물관리위원회를 설립하는 대안으로 교체하거나, 국회의 논의과정에서 의사결정을 지연시키는 전략을 통해 저지함으로써 기존 체계를 유지해 온 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과는 핵심엘리트의 지지를 받고 있는 제도는, 예측할 수 없는 특별한 계기가 발생하기 이전에는, 비록 그것이 비효율적일지라도, 변화되기 매우 어렵다는 것을 실증적으로 보여주고 있다. This study analyzed changes in the Korean water management system based on Mahoney’s path dependence model. The Korean water management system has been criticized as inefficient because the related functions are distributed in five departments of one ministry but coordination and integration of functions are not working well. The present water management system developed in 1994 has persisted for 20 years without major changes even though various experts have evaluated it as inefficient. Why has it not been changed even though it has been rated as inefficient? There have been some chances to change it, such as regime changes but it has suffered from inertia based on self-reinforcing mechanisms that an elite power group supports, blocking challenges that would change it. For example, it reacted with superficial solutions such as making a water management policy coordination and organization of water quality improvement committee when it faced challenges from exogenous shocks such as environmental problems from 1997 to 2005. Based on this analysis, the public institutions that a power elite supports have strong inertia and could not be changed easily after establishment because of self-reinforcing mechanisms even when evaluated as inefficient.

재정건전성 관리를 위한 국회의 역할강화 방안 : 예산안 심의과정을 중심으로

김철회,박경순 한남대학교 사회과학연구소 2011 사회과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 논문에서는 한국의 재정건전성에 관한 문제점을 연구함과 더불어 이와 관련된 국회 예산심의 과정의 제도적 구조를 분석했다. 예산과정과 관련하여 중앙관서별 지출한도의 비공개, 국가재정운용계획에 관한 국회의 의견수렴 절차 부재, 예산심의과정에서 성과계획서 및 성과보고서의 실질적 반영 미흡, 이밖에도 국가부채 통계를 포함한 재정통계의 일관성 부족 등과 같은 것은 재정건전성을 악화시키는 문제점이라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로, 예산과정에서 재정건전성을 강화하기 위하여 국회는 다음과 같은 몇가지 대안을 고려해볼 필요성이 있다. 첫째, 국회에 예산안편성지침과 함께 중앙관서별 지출한도를 공개하는 것을 제안한다. 둘째, 국회는 국가재정법에 국가재정운용계획의 심의 절차를 마련하도록 해야한다. 셋째, 국회는 정부의 성과보고서가 예산심의과정에 실질적으로 반영될 수 있도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로 국회는 공식적인 정부 부채를 포함한 재정건전성의 기준을 마련해야 한다. In this paper, we investigated some issues fiscal soundness of Korea Government, and analyzed institutional structures related with budget deliberation process of national assembly. In budget process there are some problems which could make worse fiscal soundness such as secrecy of budget ceiling central government departments, absence of congressional review process of national midterm finance plan, insufficiency of application of government performance plan and report in budget deliberation process, inconsistency of national financial statistics including national debt statistics, etc. Based on these argues, we propose some alternatives to reinforce fiscal soundness in budget process. Firstly, we recommend that government open the ceilings of central government budget to national assembly before submitting final government budget. Secondly, national assembly should make the review process of government midterm finance plan in national finance law. Thirdly, national assembly should make sure the government performance plan and its result in process of budget deliberation. Lastly, national assembly should make the standard of fiscal soundness including official national debt statistics.

운용적 상호운용성 수준 달성을 위한 한국형전술데이터링크의 확장형 e-LISI 모델 적용방안 연구

김철회,김승춘,이재각 한국방위산업학회 2015 韓國防衛産業學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

본 논문에서는 한국군의 상호운용성 평가체계의 한계점을 극복하기 위해 상호운용성 평가의 근간이 되는 LISI 모델을 다양한 관점에서 분석하여 현재의 한계점을 극복하고 운용적 상호운용성을 확보할 수 있는 대안으로 확장형 e-LISI 모델을 제시하였다. 특히 다양한 타체계 연동성을 가지며 기존 LISI 평가결과를 확보할 수 있는 전술데이터링크체계를 확장형 e-LISI 모델의 평가대상으로 선정하여 일반/특정 상호운용성을 평가한 결과 LISI 모델의 제약사항이었던 개념적, 조직적 상호운용성 평가가 가능하며 시스템의 특성을 설명할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. 확장형 e-LISI 모델은 현재 미군의 움직임처럼 비기술적 평가를 포함한 SOSI로 이동을 위한 교두보 역할을 수행할 것이다. 본 연구는 향후 한국군의 상호운용성 평가시 전술데이터링크 모델 및 체계를 개선하는 데 긍정적인 대안이 될 것으로 기대한다. In this paper, e-LISI model was proposed to overcome the limitation of weapon system interoperability assessment system currently utilized by Korean military and the way is to analyzed the LISI model which is based interoperability assessment in the various points of view to overcome of the current system and make sure of the alternative. In particular, TDL system which is linked with various other systems and could get a assessment result of the current LISI model is selected and tested general/special interoperability assessment by enhanced e-LISI model. It is confirmed that e-LISI model can explain the feature of system and assess the conceptual and organical interoperability assessment which was the constraints of LISI model. Enhanced e-LISI model will be a bridgehead to move to SOSI which includes the nontechnical assessment as the currently movement of US military. This study is expected to be positive alternative to improve the TDL model and system hereafter when there are interoperability assessment of Korea military.

포항2열연 조압연스탠트 ( RM ) 유압연시스템의 개발과 적용 ( Application of Hot rolling oil lubrication on RM stands at Pohang Hot Rolling Mill No . 2 )

김철회,조준길,유문석,한영환 한국트라이볼로지학회 1997 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.26 No.-

1.3 μm InAlGaAs / InAlGaAs MQW-FP-LD의 발진개시전류와 온도특성 연구 ( The analysis of threshold current and temperature properties in 1.3 μm InAlGaAs / InAlGaAs MQW-FP-LD )

김철회,임채록,심종인,한백형 한국통신학회 1995 한국통신학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-

물산업 클러스터 형성방안

김철회 서울행정학회 2011 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

지방정부의 국정참여제도에 대한 비교 분석: 영국, 프랑스, 일본을 중심으로

김철회,하혜수 한국비교정부학회 2020 한국비교정부학보 Vol.24 No.3

(Purpose) This paper tried to examine the cases of the participation of local government in national policy making focused on UK, France, and Japan, and to draw some policy implications for Korea. (Design/methodology/approach) This paper used the method of case study and comparative analysis on the issues about the participation of local government in national policy in UK, France, and Japan. (Findings) The institutions of participation of local government were formed heterogeneously according to historical, political, and socio-cultural context. However, in recent times all nations of the cases are trying to transfer the power and responsibility of central government to local government, and guarantee the participation of local government in national policy making through constitution reform, law making, and agreement between central and local government. (Research implications or Originality) Based on this comparative case study, Korean government, referring to UK and Japan case, which settled the local decentralization as an important national agenda, needs to integrate the four local government associations into one entity and, to assist it through administrative and financial instruments to be equipped with specialty and competitiveness about the important local policy issues such as regional economic development and customized local decentralization.

취락구조 개선 주택개량 사업의 합리적 추진방안

김철회,박충신,김정부,한창영,손병규,Kim, Cheol-Hoe,Park, Chung-Sin,Kim, Jeong-Bu,Han, Chang-Yeong,Son, Byeong-Gyu 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1978 과학과 기술 Vol.11 No.11

배수개선공법개발에 관한 연구(I) -각종 지하배수용 암거재료의 배수성능-

김철회,이근후,유시조,서원명 한국농공학회 1979 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.21 No.3

I. Title of the Study Studies on the Development of Improved Subsurface Drainage Methods. -Drainage Performance of Various Subsurface Drain Materials- II. Object of the Study Studies were carried out to select the drain material having the highest performance of drainage; And to develop the water budget model which is necessary for the planning of the drainage project and the establishment of water management standards in the water-logged paddy field. III. Content and Scope of the Study 1. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory by using a sand tank model. The drainage performance of various drain materials was compared evaluated. 2. A water budget model was established. Various parameters necessary for the model were investigated by analyzing existing data and measured data from the experimental field. The adaptability of the model was evaluated by comparing the estimated values to the field data. IV. Results and Recommendations 1. A corrugated tube enveloped with gravel or mat showed the highest drainage performance among the eight materials submmitted for the experiment. 2. The drainage performance of the long cement tile(50 cm long) was higher than that of the short cement tile(25 cm long). 3. Rice bran was superior to gravel in its' drain performance. 4. No difference was shown between a grave envelope and a P.V.C. wool mat in their performance of drainage. Continues investigation is needed to clarify the envelope performance. 5. All the results described above were obtained from the laboratory tests. A field test is recommended to confirm the results obtained. 6. As a water balance model of a given soil profile, the soil moisture depletion D, could be represented as follows; $$D=\Sigma\limit_{t=1}^{n}(Et-R_{\ell}-I+W_d)..........(17)$$ 7. Among the various empirical formulae for potential evapotranspiration, Penman's formular was best fit to the data observed with the evaporation pans in Jinju area. High degree of positive correlation between Penman;s predicted data and observed data was confirmed. The regression equation was Y=1.4X-22.86, where Y represents evaporation rate from small pan, in mm/100 days, and X represents potential evapotranspiration rate estimated by Penman's formular. The coefficient of correlation was r=0.94.** 8. To estimate evapotranspiration in the field, the consumptive use coefficient, Kc, was introduced. Kc was defined by the function of the characteristics of the crop soil as follows; $Kc=Kco{\cdot}Ka+Ks..........(20)$ where, Kco, Ka ans Ks represents the crop coefficient, the soil moisture coefficient, and the correction coefficient, respectively. The value of Kco and Ka was obtained from the Fig.16 and the Fig.17, respectively. And, if $Kco{\cdot}Ka{\geq}1.0,$ then Ks=0, otherwise, Ks value was estimated by using the relation; $Ks=1-Kco{\cdot}Ka$. 9. Into type formular, $r_t=\frac{R_{24}}{24}(\frac{b}{\sqrt{t}+a})$, was the best fit one to estimate the probable rainfall intensity when daily rainfall and rainfall durations are given as input data, The coefficient a and b are shown on the Table 16. 10. Japanese type formular, $I_t=\frac{b}{\sqrt{t}+a}$, was the best fit one to estimate the probable rainfall intensity when the rainfall duration only was given. The coefficient a and b are shown on the Table 17. 11. Effective rainfall, Re, was estimated by using following relationships; Re=D, if $R-D\geq}0$, otherwise, Re=R. 12. The difference of rainfall amount from soil moisture depletion was considered as the amount of drainage required. In this case, when Wd=O, Equation 24 was used, otherwise two to three days of lag time was considered and correction was made by use of storage coefficient. 13. To evaluate the model, measured data and estimated data was compared, and relative error was computed. 5.5 percent The relative error was 5.5 percent. 14. By considering the water budget in Jinju area, it was shown th

전작물의 필요수량 결정을 위한 연구

김철회,유시창,이근후,서원명 한국농공학회 1980 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the consumptive use of water for red peppers and soy beans. The correlation between the soil moisture contents and the selected meteorological factors during the growing season was analyzed. Characteristics of the drought at Jinju, Yeosu, Gwangju, and Mokpo area were figured out in view of frequency analysis. The results obtained from this study could be used as a reasonable criteria for the estimation of the duty of water in the design of upland irrigation systems. Obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Red peppers were grown at the three levels of soil moisture contents; 75 percent, 50 percent, and 25 percent, respectively. The red pepper grown at the 75 percent of soil moisture content showed the highest yield. The total evapotranspiration during the growing season from red peppers was 471. lmm, which was 86.6mm less than the pan evaporation. 2. The soy bean grown at 75 percent soil moisture content showed the highest yield, although there was no signicant difference in yields among treatments. The total evapotranspiration during the growing season from the soy bean was 342.8 mm, which was 119.2mm less than the pan evaporation. 3. Coefficients of consumptive use(k) and meteorological data are shown on Table-9. 4. The significant correlations between the evapotranspiration and the humidity and daily temperature range were observed. Results are shown on Table-11.. Evaporanspiration can be easily estimated from the humidity and daily temperature range by using the equation...... (1) Ept=4.808-0.041H+0.207T.......(1) where, Ept; evapotranspiration(mm/day) H ; humidity(%) T ; daily temperature range ($^{\circ}C$) 5. The variations of soil moisture content during the growing season at the soil depth of 5cm, 15cm, and 45cm are shown on Fig. 4~9. The results of the correlation analysis between the evapotranspiration from the crops and the soil moisture content are shown on Table-12. The evapotranspiration can be estimated from soil moisture content at the different depth of the soil by using the equation....... (2). Ept = 3.433 - 0. 364M1 +0. 359M$_2$- 0. 055M$_3$....... (2) where, Ept; evapotranspiration (mm/day) M1 soil moisture meter reading at 5cm depth M$_2$; " 15cm " M$_2$; " 40cm " 6. The estimated probab]e successive dry days in selected areas are shown on Table 13. Gumbel-Chow method was used to calculate the probable successive dry days. Further investigation are required to obtain the more detailed and reliable results.