原泉 洪祐健 산문론의 주체적 상상력 - 이조 후기 산문론에서 ‘悟’의 문제와 관련하여

김철범(Kim Cheol Beom) 동양한문학회(구 부산한문학회) 2006 동양한문학연구 Vol.22 No.-

  이 논문은 19세기 산문작가인 홍우건의 산문론을 고찰한 것이다. 홍우건은 당대 이름난 문인이었던 홍길주의 아들로 태어나, 19세기 중ㆍ후반기를 살다간 인물이다. 그는 관직에 나아가 벼슬을 살았지만, 憲宗대에 의욕을 보인 것 외에는 정치활동에 그렇게 적극적이지 않았으며, 반면 일생을 독서와 함께 文人으로 살려고 노력했다. 그는 부친 홍길주의 영향을 크게 받아 문학에서도 부친의 문학론을 승계하여 발전시켰다. 특히 사물인식의 지평을 넓히기 위한 독서와 관찰을 중시했으며, 창작에서는 ‘悟解’를 강조했다. 본고는 이 ‘悟’의 문제를 중점으로 그의 문학론을 설명코자 했다.   문학론에서 ‘悟’의 문제는 고려 말기부터 간간히 거론되었지만, 본격적으로 산문론에서 거론된 것은 김창협에게서 찾아볼 수 있는데, 그는 개성주의로서 ‘妙悟’를 강조하였다. 그 이후 조귀명 등에 의해서 ‘解悟’가 주장되었는데, 그것은 문학이 道나 義理로부터 분리되어 작가 주체의 것으로 자리를 잡는 것이었다. 다시 그 이후 홍길주에게서 다시 ‘悟’의 문제가 다루어진 것인데, 그는 작가의 주체적 각성이라는 의미에서 ‘悟’를 강조했던 것이다. 이를 홍우건이 계승하여 발전시켜 역시 ‘悟解’를 강조했던 것인데, 그에게서 이 ‘悟’는 바로 작가의 주체적 상상력을 의미하는 것이었다. 이는 18세기 실학과 함께 주체적 반성이 개개 인간의 주체의 발견으로 발전되고, 이러한 주체적 각성이 다시 산문창작과 이론으로 나타난 것이다. 이후 김창희나 이건창 등의 문인들에게서도 계승된 면을 발견할 수 있다.   This thesis considers Hong U-Keon"s prose theory, who was a prose writer in Joseon Dynasty in the 19th century. His father, Hong Gil-Ju, was a famous literary man of those days, and Hong U-Keon, himself also lived as a writer in the middle and latter half of the 19th century. Although he was in the government service, he did not try to be positive about political activities except that he expressed his political desires in King Heon-Jong days. Rather he tried to live as a literary man reading books for his all lifetime.   He was greatly influenced with his father, so later he inherited and developed his father"s literature. Especially, he laid much emphasis on reading and observation for extending knowledge and experience that cognize things and valued ‘Consciousness and Resolution’(悟解) in the part of creative writing. This thesis tries to explain his literature theory by treating the matter, Consciousness, in detail.   There had been some discuss on the matter of ‘consciousness’(悟) in literature theories from the end of Goryeo, we can find, however, that the real issue for prose theory was earnestly considered by Kim Chang-Hyeop, who laid emphasis on "Exquisite consciousness"(妙悟) as Personalism.   After that time, ‘Resolution and Consciousness’(解悟) was claimed by other literary men like Jo Gwi-Myeon. It represented that at last literature was separated with ‘Morality’(道) or ‘Justice’(義理) and was set as writer" subjective thing. Then, ‘consciousness’(悟) was treated by Hong Gil-Ju, who took and emphasized it as writer"s subjective disillusion. And Hong U-Keon also succeeded and developed it, ‘Consciousness and Resolution.’ For him, this ‘Consciousness’ was just to mean writer"s subjective imagination. With the 18th Realism, subjective introspection was developed into each individual" subjective discovery and the subjective disillusion was shown as prose writing and theory once again. Since then, we can find that it was succeeded to writers such as Kim Chang-Hui or Lee Geon-Chang.

서학의 중세철학과 근기실학계의 수용

김철범 ( Cheol Beom Kim ) 우리한문학회 2008 漢文學報 Vol.18 No.-

조선 지식인들의 제자서(諸子書) 독서와 수용양상

김철범 ( Cheol Beom Kim ) 우리한문학회 2007 漢文學報 Vol.17 No.-

The 17th century was a turning point in Joseon culture and academy through a change of order in East Asia. To escape from intellectual exhaustion, much many books were actively imported from China. As the situation of domestic publishing business became better, publication and distribution of various books were possible. These changes are considered to have had an effect on the awakening of Joseon intellectuality. Also, it is noticed that various books of philosophers and scholars were taken into a reading category of intelligentsia as one of these changes in those days. Orthodox learning scholars completely regarded ideas of philosophers as heterodoxy and even banned holding any book of the philosophers, since the ideas were considered to have defamed or to have distorted sages. Enlightened intelligentsia, however, showed more flexible attitude to accept learning and thought of others at a learning level for various knowledge. This paper attempts to examine the situation where how the books were able to be imported and distributed among intelligentsia early in Joseon and to clarify that 『Bakgarheuchan(백가류찬)』 was published in the end of 17th, and it stimulated reading those books gradually spread. Also, this paper tries to study that how critical appreciation for those books was developed and how the books and the thoughts of philosophers were recognized and accepted through their articles. As a result, it is found that at a position of Confucianism the intelligentsia was much interested in the truth or falsity of the books and the authors, and they tried to find out the qualities of philosophers and their academic value, and used them as the text for writing. It is a fact that Joseon intelligentsia`` desires for knowledge were accomplished and communicated with abroad by importing books from China and many things were altered in Joseon. In addition, general intellectual thirst and internal communication were accomplished again through the publishing business. It may be considered to be a kind of culture plan for freeing Joseon intelligentsia.

특집기획 : 연천 홍석주가의 학술과 문예 ; 연천 홍석주의 『기리경(記里經)』과 지리의식

김철범 ( Cheol Beom Kim ) 우리한문학회 2006 漢文學報 Vol.15 No.-

속담의 한역과 문학사적 의의

김철범(Cheol Beom Kim) 우리한문학회 2000 漢文學報 Vol.3 No.-

N/A

이조후기 산문론에서 견식의 문제

김철범 ( Kim Cheol Beom ) 우리한문학회 2003 漢文學報 Vol.9 No.-

『영언려작(靈言려勺)』과 근기실학사상과의 접점 -이성호,정다산을 중점으로-

김철범 ( Cheol Beom Kim ) 한국실학학회 2004 한국실학연구 Vol.7 No.-

김매순의 산문세계와 문예적 특징

김철범 ( Cheol Beom Kim ) 우리한문학회 2001 漢文學報 Vol.5 No.-

N/A

19세기 산문론에서 실(實)의 문제

김철범 ( Cheol Beom Kim ) 한국한문학회 2005 한국한문학연구 Vol.0 No.35

靑泉 申維翰의 문장학습법과 글쓰기론

김철범(Kim Cheol-Beom) 동양한문학회(구 부산한문학회) 2007 동양한문학연구 Vol.25 No.-

  이 논문은 문장학습 방법과 글쓰기에 대한 신유한의 논지를 통해 그의 산문비평론의 일면을 고찰한다. 16세기 후반에 조선 문단 내부의 반성과 중국문단의 영향으로 유입되어온 진한고문이 유몽인과 같은 문인들에 의한 실험기를 거쳐 17세기 후반에 이르러 다양한 경로로 발전되었다. 신유한은 이 시기에 진한고문을 발전시킨 대표적인 문인이다.<BR>  신유한은 영남출신의 남인으로서 특별한 사승을 잇거나 문파에 속한 일도 없이, 스스로 진한고문의 학습을 통하여 독자적 공부방법을 터득하였다.『상서』로부터『좌전』ㆍ『사기』ㆍ『한서』 등에 이르는 고전 역사서를 문장정맥으로 삼고, 진한시대의 기사문에서 聲容·聲色을 파악하는 공부에 매진하였다. 우선 그의 생각 가운데 무엇보다도 독특한 것은 六經 가운데『상서』를 문장의 최고 전범으로 간주하고, 史傳文體의 모범으로 설정한 점이다. 육경을 문장전범으로 삼는 것은 진한고문론의 일반적 견해였다. 그러나 허목과 같은 이들은『상서』를 聖人 또는 聖人 시대의 문장으로 보고 성인의 학덕을 갖춘 글쓰기의 전범으로서 읽었지만, 신유한의 경우는『상서』의 글쓰기를 史傳體 즉 史家 문장의 정맥을 이룬 전형으로 읽었던 것이다.<BR>  특히 기사문의 예술성을 확보하기 위한 글쓰기에 많이 노력했던 신유한은 聲色이나 意境·意相을 산문창작론으로 끌어들여 산문의 예술적 성취를 해명코자 했다. 나아가 사실적 묘사를 통해 개성적 특성을 드러내기 위해 작품 안에 정신기백이 생동하는 진실한 면모를 표출시키는 "眞本色" 의 미학을 추구하였다. 일찍이 秦漢古文論이 記事文을 선호하는 전통이 있었지만, 기사문 글쓰기의 미학적 논리가 마련된 것은 신유한에 의해 실현되었다고 평가할 수 있다.   With Shin Yu-han"s learning style and argument of writing, this essay studies a phrase of his prose critic theory. The ancient writings of Ch"in and Han dynasties, which flowed into Joseon dynasty under the reconsideration which had occurred in Joseon literary inside and the influence which China literary had on Joseon in the later part of the sixteenth century, had been developed in various ways through the experimental period when some writers like Yu Mong-In had worked to the later part of the seventeenth century. Shin Yu-han, he was a typical writer who developed the ancient writings of Ch"in and Han dynasties at that time.<BR>  As a native of the southeastern, Shin Yu-han studied and got his own learning style by himself with his own study of the ancient writings of Ch"in and Han dynasties without taking over a particular chronicle or joining to a literary sect. He took ancient historic books from Book of History to Zuo"s Commentary, Historian Record, History oh Hanas a vein of his writing and pushed on the study of grasping shapes and feelings of sound in descriptive compositions which were written in Ch"in and Han dynasties.<BR>  First of all, this essay considers that the most special thing among his ideas is that he considered Book of History as the best model among〈Liu ching〉and took it as a model for a literary style of history. At that time, it was common among studies of the ancient writings of Ch"in and Han dynasties to take〈Liu ching〉 as a writing style. However, Shin You-han read the writing of Book of History as a typical writing style of history, that was as a type of achieving a vein of historian writings while some writers like Heo Mock thought Book of History as a sage or a writing style under a sage period and took it as a writing style with erudition of a sage.<BR>  Especially, he tried very hard to ensure virtuosity of descriptive composition and worked very hard to explain an artistic achievement of prose by taking shapes of sound or meaning boundaries into a study of prose creation. Furthermore, to show characteristic features through realistic descriptions, he pursued the aesthetics of "true colors" expressing true phases which had spirits animate in his works. There once was a tradition which preferred a descriptive style in the study of ancient writings of Ch"in and Han dynasties, but it could be evaluated that thanks to Shin Yu-han, an aesthetic argument of descriptive compositions has been arranged.