조선 후기 전라도 蝟島鎭·格浦鎭 설치와 관방체제 변화

김철배 전북사학회 2023 전북사학 Vol.- No.69

조선 후기 숙종 대는 임진왜란과 병자호란 이후 북방 방어 및 하삼도 지역 방어, 서해연해 방어책 등 관방체제에 많은 변화가 있었던 시기이다. 같은 시기 전라북도 지역에는 1675년(숙종 2)~1681년까지 위봉산성이 수축되었고, 1682년에는 부안 연해에 위도진관(蝟島鎭管)을 설치하고 종3품의 무관 첨사(僉事)를 파견하였으며, 1692년에는 격포행궁(格浦行宮)이 있었던 격포진(格浦鎭)을 첨사진으로 승격하여 검영(檢營) 관할에 두는 등 내륙과 연해의 방어체계에 변화가 있었던 시기이다. 이런 점에서 조선시대 전라도 관방정책으로서 연해에 첨사진(僉使鎭)의 설치에 따른 원인과 그 변화의 양상이 어떻게 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 전라도 서해연안에 위도진관과 검영 격포진의 설치는 세조 3년 진관체제에 의해서 부안진관에 소속되었던 여러 군현은 대부분 전주진관에 이속되는 결과를 가져왔다. 또한 조선 전기 연해읍에 출몰하는 적을 방어하기 위해 축성하였던 읍성은 조선 전기 지속적으로 증축되거나 개축되었던 것과 달리 이 시기를 기점으로 현상 유지를 하거나 계속해서 노후화됨에 따라 규모가 축소되는 경향을 살필 수 있다. During King Sukjong's reign, there were many changes in the surveillance system, including the defense of the north, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang and Jeolla provinces, especially the defense measures for the west coast, after the Imjin War and the Byeongja War. During the same period, Wibongsanseong Fortress was contracted in Jeollabuk-do from 1675 to 1681. And in 1682, Widojingwan(蝟島鎭管) was installed in the coastal area of Buan, and a third official, Cheomsa, was dispatched. And in 1692, Gyeokpojin(格浦鎭), which had the GyeokpoHaenggung(格浦行宮), was promoted to the camp where Cheomsa was dispatched and placed under the jurisdiction of Geomyeong(檢營), changing the defense system of inland and coastal areas. In this paper, as a defense policy in Jeolla-do during the Joseon Dynasty, I tried to examine the causes of the installation of Jin in which Chomsa(僉使) is dispatched to the coastal area and how the changes appear. With the establishment of Widojingwan and Geomyeong Gyeokpojin on the west coast of Jeolla-do, Buanjingwan under the Jingwan system in the 3rd year of King Sejo's reign was abolished, and various regions under Buanjingwan's jurisdiction were transferred to Jeonjujingwan. In addition, in the early Joseon Dynasty, eupseong was built to defend enemies appearing in the coastal area of the West Sea. However, on the contrary, after installing Widodojin and Gyeokpojin, where Cheomsa was appointed, the eupseong was not expanded, but rather tended to be reduced.

오수역참 양로청의 변천과 역리 가계 검토

김철배 전북사학회 2021 전북사학 Vol.- No.62

본 고는 현재 오수양로당에서 소장하고 있는 『양로청선생안(養老廳先生案)』과 『양로안(養老案)』, 『양로안 절목(養老案節目)』을 중심으로 오수양로당의 건 립과 변천을 살펴본 것이다. 1712년 오수역의 찰방(察訪) 최주하(崔柱夏)가 설 치한 양로청(養老廳)은 1895년까지 유지되었는데, 당시에는 오수역의 역리를 지낸 영이방(令吏房)과 부이방(副吏房)을 역임하였고, 회갑이 지난 사람만이 들어갈 수 있었다. 그러나 1895년 조선의 역제도가 되어 양로청의 규약이 유 지될 수 없게 되자 1914년 규약을 개정하여 61세 이상 노인으로 김해김씨 삼 파(三派)의 후손만 들어갈 수 있도록 하였다. 『양로청 선생안』과 『양로안』에 기재된 성씨를 분석한 결과, 『양로청 선생안』에는 각 시기별 영이방과 부이방을 지낸 144명이 수록되어 있고, 『양로안』에 217명이 수록되어 있다. 『양로청 선생안』과 『양로안』에 수록된 217명 중 에서 195명이 김해김씨로, 약 89%를 차지하고 있다. 그 외에 권씨, 박씨, 백 씨, 조씨, 이씨, 진씨, 지씨 등 12개 성씨는 22명으로 약 11%를 차지하고 있다. 오수역 역리(驛吏)는 대부분은 김해김씨 삼파의 후손이라고 할 수 있다. 임실군 오수면 오수리 거주하는 김해김씨는 삼현파로서 매헌종중(梅軒宗 中)이라고도 하는데 매헌(梅軒) 김기손(金驥孫)을 입향조로 삼고 있다. 김기손 등 김해김씨는 무오사화(1498)이후 낙향하였다가 오수역의 역리를 세습하였 다. 아마도 사화와 연루되어 처벌을 받은 사람들 가운데 역리로 정속(定屬)된 것으로 추정된다. 『여지도서』(1659)와 『호남읍지』(1872)에 의하면, 오수역의 편호는 약 360호이고 오수역의 역리를 포함한 노비, 일수(일수) 등을 모두 합 친 인원은 1,440명이다. 그런데 『호남읍지』(1793)에는 오수역이 남원부 48개방 중에 하나로 기재되어 있는데, 오수역(坊)의 편호는 461호라고 한다. 오수역과 오수역(坊)의 편호 차이는 오수역 주변 마을에 오수역 소속이 아닌 편호가 있 었던 것을 의미하는 것으로 생각된다. This study examines erection and changes of Osu old people’s home through books owned by old people’s home: Yangrocheong-Seonsaengan, Yangroan, and Yangroan-jeolmok. Yangrocheong erected by Choi Ju-ha, Chalbang of a post town in Osu, was managed to 1895. It only permitted to enter people who served as Yeokri and over the age of 60. For the local government system was changed after 1895, it revised the regulation in 1914 to permitting to only people descendants of Sampa, Gimhae Kim’s Clan. Yangrocheong-Seonsaengan was included the names of 144 who served as Yeokri, and Yangroan of 217 as a result of an analysis of two books. Gimhae Kim’s Clan people accounted for 89%, 217 people among 195, except 22 people, in 12 clans: Gwon, Park, Paek, Jo, Lee, Jin, Ji, and so on. So, it can concluded that the Yeokris in a post town in Osu are mostly descendants of Sampa of Gimhae Kim’s Clan. A Clan in Osu-ri, Osu-myeon, Imsil-gun is a descendant of Kim Gi-son. He retired to Osu after 1498, and handed Yeokri of a post town in Osu over as a national servant. According to Yeojidoseo in 1659 and Honameupji in 1872, the number of total households in a post town in Osu was 360s, and of total villagers was 1,440s including the lowest class of people. But according to Honameupji in 1793, there was a different record that the number of total households was 461. I think there are households not to belong to a post town in Osu around there.

Ni/NGC-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Arenesulfonate with Benzyl Grignard Reagents

김철배,김창근,박광용 한국공업화학회 2007 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2007 No.1

18세기 임실현 관아의 규모와 변천- 1730년 『운수지(雲水誌)』를 중심으로-

김철배 전북사학회 2022 전북사학 Vol.- No.64

This study describes the existence of government offices in Imsil-hyeon during the Joseon Dynasty. Imsil-eupji is the record of Imsil-hyeon in the Joseon Dynasty. From the geography books of the early Joseon Dynasty, such as Sejong Annals Geography and Sinjeungdonggukyeoji-Seungram(新增東國輿地勝覽), there are about 17 kinds, including Honam-eupji(湖南邑誌), Yeojidoseo(輿地圖書), and Imsil-eupji(任實邑誌) in Hapcheolbon, such as Honam-eupji and Yeojidoseo, consists of about 24 pages and 6,419 characters. The Unsuji(雲水誌), discovered among the Sunchang Seol clan in 2017 was written in 1730 by eight people, including Seol Yu-tae, Choi Ik-seong, Lee Jung-seok, Hong Je-hyung, and Kim Sook, and has no preface and about 156 pages and about 36,504 letters. Therefore, the organization and items are not only diverse but also rich in content, so it is judged as an important data to know the realization of pregnancy at the time. In particular, unlike other towns and villages, which recorded only the names of four to five government offices, including guesthouses, Asa, Hyangsadang, Training Office, and Daebinwon, 29 government offices over 19 pages can be described as well as the size of government offices during the Joseon Dynasty. During the Joseon Dynasty, government offices in Imsil-hyeon began to disappear amid changes in the administrative system around 1910, lost their appearance when the Imsil-gun Office building was built in 1920, and the Imsil-hyeon government office and transportation hall were demolished around 1937. In particular, Unsugwan(雲水館), a guest house, was operated as a private Yeongjin Elementary School in 1908 and was demolished around 1937, and Imsil-dong Middle School was established in the same place to this day. In 1920, the Imsil-gun Office building was built at the site of Imsil-hyeon government office, and there was no Imsil-hyeon government office during the Joseon Dynasty. In Jeollabuk-do, there are three guest houses of the Joseon Dynasty: Pungpaejigwan Hall(灃沛之館) of Jeonju Guesthouse, Mujang Guesthouse, and Sunchang Guesthouse, and you can see the appearance of Yongseonggwan, a guest house in Namwon-bu. The roof of the main hall is roughly higher than that of Dongseo Ikheon, and the size of Jeongcheong is three bays, and the number of compartments is different for Dongseo Ikheon. In the case of Imsilhyeon Guesthouse, there are four bays of Seoikheon, three bays of Jeongcheong, and five bays of Dongikheon, overall. It is not small compared to Jeonju-bu or Namwon-bu. In addition, there are for-profit offices, Jwarang government offices, Urang government offices, Jigong-cheong offices, Ma-gu Office, Jungdaemun Gate, and Oedaemun Gate, centering on the guesthouse. This scale is not only a road to Honam-daero(Tongyeong-daero), but also an important point in Gamyeong-ro such as Namwon, Gurye, Gokseong, Gwangyang, and Yeosu because Imsil is about a day away from Jeonju Gamyeong, so it seems to have been used as a space for officials and guests to stay overnight. It is expected that the form and scale of government offices recorded around 1730 will expand the scope of government office research by restoring the history of Imsil-gun and regenerating government offices to promote understanding of government offices or provide educational materials. 본 연구는 조선시대 임실현의 관아의 존재 양태에 대하여 서술한 것이다. 조선시대 임실현에 대한 기록으로는 임실읍지를 들 수 있다. 세종실록 지리지 , 신증동국여지승람 등 조선전기 지리서로부터 조선후기 합철본으로 호남읍지 , 여지도서 , 사찬읍지로서 운수지 등 약 18종에 이른다. 호남읍지 , 여지도서 등 합철본의 임실읍지는 대략 24면 내외, 6,419자로 이루어져 있다. 2017년 순창설씨 종중에서 발견된 운수지 는 1730년에 설유태, 최익성, 이정석, 홍제형, 김숙, 곽천 등 8명에 의해서 작성된 것으로 임실현 지도와 서문이 없으며, 약156면, 글자수는 대략 36,504자 내외이다. 따라서 그 편재와 항목이 다양할 뿐만 아니라 내용적으로도 풍부하여 당시의 임실현을 알 수 있는 중요한 자료로 판단된다. 특히 여타 읍지에서 공해(公廨)조에서 객사, 아사, 향사당, 훈련청, 대빈원 등 4~5개의 관청 명칭만을 기록했던 것과 달리 약 19면에 걸쳐서 29개의 관청의 규모와 형태, 배치인원 등에 대하여 기술함으로써 조선시대 관아의 형태는 물론 규모까지도 알 수 있다. 조선시대 임실현 관아는 1910년 전후 행정체제의 변천 속에서 사라지기 시작한 관아는 1920년 임실군청 신청사를 지으면서 그 면모를 잃었고, 1937년 즈음 임실현 객사, 운수관이 헐리면서 조선시대 임실현 관아의 모습은 완전히 사라진다. 특히 객사인 운수관(雲水館)은 1908년 사립영진소학교로 운영되다가 1937년경 헐렸으며, 같은 자리에 임실동중학교가 들어서 오늘에 이르고 있다. 1920년 임실현 관아자리에 임실군청 신청사가 들어서면서 조선시대 임실현 관아가 전무한 상태이다. 전라북도내 조선시대 객사는 전주객사 풍패지관(灃沛之館), 무장객사, 순창객사 등 3개가 남아있고, 남원부 객사인 용성관의 모습을 사진으로 확인할 수 있다. 대략 대청의 지붕을 동서익헌보다 높게하여 정청을 높였으며 3칸 규모로 이루어졌고, 동서익헌에 대해서는 칸수를 달리하고 있는데, 임실현 객사의 경우 서익헌 4칸, 정청 3칸, 동익헌 5칸이며, 전체적으로는 14칸 규모이다. 전주부 객사나 남원부 객사와 비교하여도 작지 않은 규모이다. 여기에 객사 정청을 중심으로 영리청, 좌랑청사, 우랑청사, 지공청, 마구청, 중대문, 외대문을 두었다. 이러한 규모는 임실이 호남대로(통영대로)의 길목일 뿐만 아니라, 전주감영으로부터 1일 정도거리에 떨어져 있기 때문에 남원, 구례, 곡성, 광양, 여수 등 감영로상 중요한 거점이어서 관리들과 내빈들이 하룻밤을 묵을 수 있는 공간으로 활용되었던 것으로 보인다. 1730년 전후하여 기록된 관아의 형식과 규모는 임실군 역사를 복원하고 관아를 재생하여 관아에 대한 이해를 도모하거나 교육자료 등으로 활용할 수 있는 중요 소재가 될 수 있으며, 여타 지역의 관아 복원에도 한 사례를 제공함으로써 그간 관아 연구의 영역을 넓힐 것으로 기대한다.

구두발표 / 정밀화학분과 : 비대칭 불포화 Spiro Orthocarbonates 의 합성

김철배,박광용 한국공업화학회 2001 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2001 No.1

N/A N/A

전라도 부안 士族 奇幸鉉의 『鴻齋日記』와 19세기 후반기 부안의 경제사정

김철배 전북사학회 2015 전북사학 Vol.0 No.46

This study introduces Hong-Jae diary from 1866 to 1911 written by Ki Haeng-hyeon living in Buan-gun, Jeolla-do and investigates the economic conditions there on the basis of this diary. Hongjae diary is composed of 7 books: the first book is named ‘Dohaejae diaryi’, and the rest is called as‘ Hongjae diary’. We can understand the image of Buan area in the late 19th century because there are not only Ki and his family’s daily lives but also rumours about Buan and the surrounding area in the Diary. For example, we can know specifically about the market price of grain in the area of Buan through the price of rice recorded steadily in Diary, and also the reality of economic state there from the contents of the Diary about several kinds of the tax imposed on farmers. From 1891 to February 1894, when Donghak Peasant Revolution occurred, the price of rice in the area of Buan continued to rise. The farmers’livelihood was on the rocks because the price rose even in harvest time. Meanwhile, the Joseon government did not take any proper actions but increase taxes, and then the farmers in Honam region started to agitate.

Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Arenesulfonates Using Secondary Alkyl Grignard Reagents

김철배,조철희,박광용 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.2

Neopentyl arenesulfonates react with secondary alkylmagnesium chlorides in the presence of dppfNiCl2 to produce the corresponding arenes via the reductive cleavage of carbon-sulfur bond. Highest yield is obtained by using three equivalents of Grignard reagent to a mixture of arenesulfonate and dppfNiCl2 in Et2O at room temperature. This reaction represents a novel method allowing the efficient hydrogenolysis of sulfur-containing groups in aromatic compounds.

Synthesis, Isolation and Crystal Structure Characterization of (Z)-4'-(1-Phenyl-2-p-tolylvinyl)biphenyl-4-carbaldehyde

김철배,Hyunjong Jo,Sung-Kyung Lee,박광용 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.10

Solid-Phase Synthesis of Unfunctionalized Arenes Via the Traceless Cleavage of Sulfonate Linkers

김철배,Min Jy Jo,조철희,박광용 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.10

The hydrogenolysis of polymer-bound arenesulfonates by 2-propylmagnesium chloride was performed through reductive cleavage of the C−S bond in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The reaction underwent in the highest efficiency by adding 15 equiv of the nucleophile in two additions with dppfNiCl_2 in THF. Various unfunctionalized naphthalene, biphenyl, and stilbene derivatives were produced in good yields by the traceless sulfonate linker system at room temperature.

조선 전기 太祖眞殿 儀禮의 정비 과정

김철배 전북사학회 2013 전북사학 Vol.0 No.43

This study is about changing process of rites conducted in Taejojinjeon(太祖眞殿) during Choson period. The ceremony of Taejojinjeon were made in 1419 for the first time. Soon after Taejojinjeon was built in Gaesung(開城), King Sejong enshrined King Taejo's Portrait in it and had the ceremonies board(禮曹) make the ceremony of Jinjeon to perform ancestral rites of King Teajo and late King Teajong. This is the ‘King Taejo's Portrait Enshrining Ceremony(太祖聖 眞 奉安儀禮)’, the original form of the ceremony. However, this ceremony didn't be included in "Orae(五禮)" of Annals of the Choson Dynastry by King Sejong(『世宗實錄』) but late in KookjoOraeUi(『國朝五禮儀』) which was made in 1475. ‘Sokjeolhyang Jijeonui(俗節享 眞殿 儀)’, the ceremony of Jinjeon modifying ‘King Taejo's Portrait Enshrining Ceremony’ made in 1419, and became the original form of the ceremony. During King Teajong~Sejong, in course of organizing national rituals, there was discussion that Taejojinjeon in Gyeongju(慶州), Jeonju(全州), and Pyongyang(平壤) should be abolished except for Gaesung(開城) and Hamhung(咸興) where the king performed ancestral rites in person, because there couldn't be hold a memorial service for nation's founder, King Teajo in province(州) and district(郡). This was that the memorial service for King Teajo directly was related to existence of Teajojinjeon, namely to direct relation to their legitimacy, the relation between main agents who held and the objects who received a memorial service. Because this relation was showed as the ceremony, organization of national rituals is closely related with setting national ruling order right. With this in mind, therefore, this study examined about before-and-after point of difference and similarity in course that the ceremony of Teajojinjeon was established as the ceremony of Jinjeon in KookjoOraeUi, and about how the ceremony was changed with transition of Jinjeon system in late Chosun.