湖岩文一平의 大小思想과 渤海史認識

金恩國(KIM Eun-kuk) 고구려발해학회 2009 고구려발해연구 Vol.33 No.-

1920년대를 전후하여 전개된 민족주의 사학은 초기의 단재 신채호, 백암 박은식의 실천적 민족주의를 이어받은 정신적 민족주의로 발전하여 간다. 바로 그 중심에 湖岩文一平(1888~1939)이 있었다. 그는 朝鮮學, 朝鮮心등으로 대표되는 湖岩學의 틀을 마련하였는데, 그의 사상은 기존의 문화와 역사를 재구성하여 민중에게 다가선 역사가이자 언론가였다. 이 글은 호암의 글 중에서‘大朝鮮’과‘小朝鮮’사상을 추출하여 그 전환기적 사건으로서 발해 멸망(渤海滅亡)을 설정하여 본 것이다. 여기서 다시 음미하니, 단순한 大小의 개념이 아니라 광활한 것과 좁아진 것의 방향 변이임을 알 수 있다. 발해를 기점으로 해륙 국가로 전개되어 온 한국사의 방향이 대륙과 해양의 두 방향의 제시인 것이다. 발해가 멸망한 이후, 고려가 천명한 발해 왕실과의 혼인 강조와 발해를 멸망시킨 거란에 대한 강한 비판 정신은 이미 발해의 위상을 한국사 속에 당당히 드러낸 史觀인 것이다. 또 이러한 관점은 이미 조선시대 실학자와 그 이전 고려 당시의 북진정책을 비롯한 대 북방정책의 계승인 것이다. 湖岩은 발해와 신라를 南北國으로 표현하였다. 우리는 湖岩역시 남북국시대론을 강조한 사학자임을 간과하곤 한다. 교육과 언론을 통해 문필로서 역사를 민중 속에서 재정립시킨 호암 문일평(湖岩文一平)은 펜(筆)이 무기보다 강하다는 것을 실천적으로 일러 주었다. Among the various resistance under the Japanese Occupation of Korea, A knight of the pen would often extend continuously than the sword. The development of Nationalistic history on 1920’s is the trend of thought that proved theory to it about resistance. And that can go to the fountainhead to 19 centutries, Chosun Dynasty(朝鮮). So the historical development of Nationalistic history developed to the spiritual nationalism in succession to early Nationalistic history, Dan-jae Shin Chae-ho(丹齋申采浩), Baek-Am Park eun-sik(白巖朴殷植). Ho Am Mun il-Pyong(湖岩文一平: 1888∼1939) is the soul of the thoughts. He completed “Ho-Am School”(湖岩學) that is represented by chosun school(朝鮮學), chosun shim(朝鮮心). His thought is not new but reconstructions for korean’s literature, mind, mankind, history. So he was the historians, journalist. In this paper, I hope to mention about ‘Dae-Chosun(大朝鮮)’, ‘So-Chosun(小朝鮮)’, and try to make an announcement of the collapse of Balhae Dynasty(渤海國) as for the event at the turning point. Once more we can reconsider that the ‘Dae-So’concept is not the difference between the two but the change of direction for breadth and narrowness. That is the evidence that Balhae dynasty’political measures is comprehensive ‘land and sea’- nation(海陸國). And So the direction of Korean history is similar to develop for bidirectional way-the Continent and the Ocean-. Since the fall of the Balhae Dynasty(渤海), Goryo dynasty(高麗) proclaimed that the beetween Goryo dynasty(高麗) - Balhae dynasty(渤海) is in marital relations, and Goryo Dynasty expressed the forceful critical main against Kithan (契丹). That policy is in succession to northward policy that is the principle political parties in the Goryo dynasty(高麗), Chosun dynasty(朝鮮). Ho-Am(湖岩) used an appropriate expression “Nam-Bukkuk(southern-&-Northern States: 南北國)”about Balhae Dynasty(渤海) and Shilla Dynasty(新羅). We used to miss the fact that Ho-Am(湖岩) is also Historian emphasised “The Theory of the Nambukkuk Period(南北國時代論)”. After all, Through the Koguryo Dynasty’s Restoration Movement Balhai dynasty is recreated. Ho-Am Moon-Il Pyong is one of patriots who advised the fact practically that the pen is stronger than the sword. So he reconstructed the Image of Korea History in the people’s mind through the press and school educations.

국가대표 선수들의 훈련 기간 동안 발생한 스포츠 손상 분석

김은국,김태규,Kim, Eun Kuk,Kim, Tae Gyu 한국데이터정보과학회 2014 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was to analyze sports injuries which occurred in Korea National Team during official training period. All sports injuries are recorded on injury report form by physicians, medical staffs and athletic trainer, and only acute and recurred injuries were analyzed. Total 3,421 injuries were reported, and 1,560 injuries were newly incurred and 1,861 injuries were recurrent with previous history. The frequency of new injuries in male and female athletes was highest in boxing (n=130, 14.5%) and hockey (n=75, 11.3%) respectively. The frequency of recurred injuries in male and female athletes was highest in wrestling (n=147, 14.8%) and fencing (n=103, 11.9%) respectively. Our data provides incidence rates, characteristics of acute and recurrent sports injuries during official training period and thus these results could provide relevant information for the sports injury prevention at Korea National Team player.

역 사정 환자의 성공적인 인공수정

김은국,채현주,정병준,Kim, Eun-Kuk,Chae, Hyun-Ju,Jung, Byeong-Jun 대한생식의학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.37 No.2

역 사정은 남성불임 원인의 하나인데, 이를 해결 하기 위해서는 사정 후 방광으로부터 정자를 회수하여 보조생식술을 시행함으로써 불임을 극복할 수 있다. 배우자의 뇨로부터 정자를 회수한 후 인공수정을 시도하여 많은 임신이 보고되고 있는데, 본원에서는 Clomiphene Citrate와 hMG를 사용하여 배란을 유도하고, 뇨와 함께 채취된 정액을 10% serum substitute supplement가 첨가된 modified Ham's F-10을 이용하여 뇨의 산성도와 삼투압 조절 후, 정자의 운동성을 유지하여 인공수정을 실시하였는데 성공적인 임신을 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 간략히 보고하는 바이다. Retrograde ejaculation is a condition that causes male infertility. Infertiltiy treatment is usually based on assisted reproductive technology with the use of sperms recovered from the bladder after ejaculation. Many pregnancies have been tried by artificial intrauterine insemination with the husband's sperm recovered from voided urine. In this case, ovulation was induced by clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin, pH and osmorality of urine was controlled by modified Ham's F-10 contained 10% serum substitute supplement and immediately semen collection, to improve sperm motility. We had experienced a successful pregnancy case by above method, and reported with brief review of literature as well.

농업용무인항공살포기의 유효살포폭 측정장비 구축을 위한 농업용 드론 개발동향 분석

김은국 ( Eun Kuk Kim ),한철우 ( Cheol Woo Han ),백선욱 ( Baek Sun Wook ),임지섭 ( Ji-seob Lim ),김영태 ( Young-tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.2

최근 4차 산업혁명이 진행되면서 농업에서도 ICT기술이 융합된 스마트팜, 농업용 드론 및 로봇 등 다양한 기술이 보급·확산되고 있다. 특히 농업용 드론 중 하나인 농업용무인항공살포기는 가장먼저 보급되어 항공방제를 통하여 수도작 중 방제에 소요되는 노동력을 약 50% 이상 절감이 가능하다. 그러나 항공방제는 기체의 비행성능과 살포균일도가 낮을 경우에는 비산, 집중살포 등으로 작물 및 인접 농가에 약해 피해를 준다. 기체의 비행성능은 비행제어장치의 설정을 수정하거나 부품의 교체를 통하여 비교적 쉽게 개선이 가능하나, 살포균일도의 경우에는 노즐, 로터의 하향풍 등 여러 가지의 영향으로 반복시험으로 개선을 하여야 한다. 살포균일도는 유효살포폭을 측정하여 계산하는데 시험결과가 외부환경에 영향을 받으므로 시험결과에 대한 재현성 및 신뢰성 등을 확보하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유효살포폭을 외부환경의 영향을 받지 않는 상태에서 측정하기 위하여 실내에 유효살포폭 측정장비를 구축하기 위하여 농업기술실용화재단 종합검정 기준에 적합한 농업용무인항공살포기를 대상으로 프레임 직경, 로터(날개) 길이, 최대회전반경 등을 조사하여 실내시험장비에 농업용무인항공살포기를 부착하기 위한 지그 및 실내주행장치, 구조물 등의 크기를 조사하고자 하였으며 조사된 결과를 바탕으로 농업용무인항공살포기 실내검정시스템을 구축하고자 한다.

엘리트 쇼트트랙 스피드 스케이팅 선수들의 스포츠 손상에 대한 역학 연구

김은국(Kim, Eun-Kuk),최호경(Choi, Ho-Kyung) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate sports injuries which were developed by Korean elite short track speed skaters. Seventeen elite skaters who belonged to S-City Team were enrolled in this study. The epidemiologic data were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire based on injury report form of the International Olympic Committee. A total of 53 injuries were reported, and 25 injuries and 28 injuries were developed in adolescents and adult skaters, respectively. In adolescent skaters, incidence rate (IR) of all injuries was 3.28 injuries/1000 athlete exposures (AEs), and the IR of the knee injuries was the highest (3.64 injuries/10000AEs). Injuries during training comprised 96% of all injuries and contact injuries were 48%. Serious injuries that needed to be absent from trains or competitions more than one day were 40% and 44% of all injures were still inducing pain with exercise. In adult skaters, total IR was 4.59 injuries/1000AEs and the highest IR was 4.13 injuries/1000AEs in knee joint. Injuries during training comprised 82.1% of all injuries and contact injuries were 53.6%. Serious injuries were 28.6% and 28.6% were still inducing pain with exercise. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated IRs and characteristics of sports injuries, which could be helpful to provide useful information for preparing preventive measures against the sports injuries in elite short track speed skaters.

한국체육대학교 학생들의 도핑에 대한 지식, 믿음 및 성향

김은국 ( Eun-kuk Kim ),최호경 ( Ho-kyung Choi ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2015 스포츠사이언스 Vol.32 No.2

In the strategy for the doping control, attitudes and beliefs are considered an index of doping behaviour, relating the use of banned substances to greater leniency towards doping. The aim of this study was to quantitatively measure the doping related attitudes, beliefs and knowledge among non-elite students attending Korea National Sport University. Data were collected by questionnaires among the students (n=190). Outcome measures included doping knowledge, behavior and attitude (Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale; PEAS). PEAS scores were 41.11±13.82, in which there was no significant difference between sexes. About eighty-seven percent of students were unaware of banned substances. A few male students admitted the past use of doping knowingly or inadvertently and 5 students reported that they knew others doping, and they demonstrated higher PEAS scores. Most students demonstrated negative attitudes toward doping in 14 items among 17 PEAS questionnaires. This study may provide Sport University students with educational strategy for effective anti-doping program.

크라스키노 발해성 발굴의 회고와 전망

김은국(Kim, Eun-kuk) 동북아역사재단 2024 동북아 역사 포커스 Vol.- No.8

국가대표 선수들의 도핑에 대한 사고방식 및 성향

김은국(Kim, Eun Kuk),김태규(Kim, Tae-Gyu) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The aim of this study was to quantitatively measure doping related attitudes and dispositions of Korean national players. Data were collected by questionnaires including doping knowledge, doping history, source of anti-doping information and behavior/attitude(by performance enhancement attitude scale, PEAS) among athletes(n=315) who were participating in the 6th East Asian Games. Eleven athletes and 8 athletes admitted the past use of doping inadvertently and knowingly, respectively. Eleven athletes reported that they knew others who had doped. Athletes were mainly provided with anti-doping information from Korea Anti-Doping Agency(48.8%), coaches(4.8%), medical staffs(3.2%) or fellow competitors(3.2%). The average PEAS score was 39.85±13.395. Speed/power sports athletes showed higher PEAS score(43.38±13.522) than athletes in endurance(3.5.47±12.384) and team sports(37.80±13.869)(p=.011). This study suggests that many factors play an important role in athlete’s decisions regarding the use of doping. Further research should incorporate these factors to understand the complexity of doping and to identify points for effective anti-doping program.

광저우 하계 아시안게임 대회 기간 동안 발생한 스포츠 손상

김은국 ( Eun Kuk Kim ),강현용 ( Hyun Yong Kang ),김태규 ( Tae Gyu Kim ),이제훈 ( Je Hoon Lee ),김미현 ( Mi Hyun Kim ),송지연 ( Jee Yeon Song ),홍성림 ( Sung Ilm Hong ),김종덕 ( Jong Duk Kim ),박원하 ( Won Hah Park ),서경묵 ( Kyung 대한스포츠의학회 2011 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this study was to do the surveillance study of sports injuries which were suffered to National players of South Korea Team during the summer Asian Games 2010 in Guangzhou. All medical staffs of Korea Delegation were asked to report all sports injuries newly incurred during the Games on injury report form, and the physicians made clinical diagnoses of the injuries. Total 725 injuries (430 athletes) were reported, and 288 injuries (209 athletes) were newly incurred: 68 injuries (58 athletes) were recurrent with previous history, resulting in total incidence rate: 45.5 injuries/1000 athlete exposures (AE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.1-50.6 injuries/1000 AE) and incidence proportion: 26% (95% CI: 23-29). The new injury was highest in athletics (n=37, 12.8%), hockey (n=26, 9.0%), and basketball (n=23, 8.0%). While 162 injuries (56.2%) were incurred during practice, 126 injuries (43.8%) were incurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses were lateral ankle ligament sprain (n=28, 9.7%, 95% CI: 6.3-13.1), calf muscle cramp (n=23, 95% CI: 4.9-11.1), and hamstring strain (n=22, 95% CI: 4.6-10.7). The relapsed injury was highest in athletics (n=16, 23.5%), basketball (n=6, 8.8%), and wrestling (n=5, 7.4%). While 50 injuries (73.5%) were recurred during practice, 18 injuries (26.5%) were recurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses of relapsed injury were calf muscle cramp (n=11, 16.2%, 95% CI: 7.4-25.0), low back strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1-15.6), and hamstring strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1-15.6). Our data indicated incidence rates, incidence proportions, characteristics and frequent diagnoses of acute and recurrent sports injuries during the games, therefore these results could provide relevant information for the sports injury prevention at elite level.

2012 런던올림픽대회 의료진의 윤리 인식 및 고민

김은국 ( Eun Kuk Kim ),김태규 ( Tae Gyu Kim ) 대한스포츠의학회 2012 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The healthcare for elite athletes has the potential to create many ethical issues for sports practitioners. And the relationship between a sports practitioner and an athlete differs significantly from the traditional doctor-patient relationship. However, there has been little discussion of them to date. To investigate the ethical awareness and concerns in sports medicine field, we surveyed the responses of Korean medical team to a questionnaire during the Summer Olympic Games 2012. The questionnaire was developed to access a wide-range of common ethical issues in sports medicine; conflict of interests, confidentiality, pediatric athletes, performance-enhancing substances, infectious disease, innovative therapies, medical advertising. Twenty-nine out of 32 sports practitioners responded to the questionnaire (90.6%). Respondents identified many ethical matters concerning the unique characteristics of athletes-as-patients in sports medicine. This study has started the process of identifying contemporary ethical problems with regard to the sports medicine, and there should be further studies dealing with these problems.