“난 참으로 진기한 꿈을 꾸었어” : 『한여름 밤의 꿈』에서의 젠더 질서의 양면성

김용태(Yongtae Kim) 한국셰익스피어학회 2004 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.40 No.3

Traditional criticism on Shakespeare's romantic comedies has focused on love and marriage of intelligent and independent heroines, with the emphasis generally falling on the last phase of the play, which restores masculine authority by making light the preceding female sexual confusions and overturns. In this paper, I argue that such confusions and turns in A Midsummer Night's Dream are representative of gender mobility in the early modem England, which witnessed the appearance of the women who overstepped gender boundaries. I also argue that the ending is not merely a restoration of the masculine community but the beginning of a newly integrated social order. It is not a mere matter of feminine subversion and masculine containment. I suggest we need to look into the destabilization of gender ideologies and into the violence that patriarchal order brings to women. The play begins with Theseus's wooing of Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons, shortly after his conquest by "sword" of her realm, a nation-state of the most unruly women in western myth. His wedding is a reward for men's violence on women and an expression of male anxiety about the power of threatening women. Theseus's concupiscent desire for Hippolyta, however, weakens his manly virtues and renders him effeminate and antithetical to his martial heroism. Thus, early in the play, he overturns the patriarchal ideal. On the other hand, Hermia and Titania represent resistance to their male masters, father and husband, and their female bodies are a locus of contestation of masculine authority and feminine power. They are Elizabethan willful subjects who refuse to be subjugated to men's control. The "little changeling boy" is a medium of exchange between Oberon and Titania, and he is representative of cultural transition from mother's world to father's man-centered world as the early modern culture confirmed. Counterpointing the notion of Oberon's paternity, however, Titania tries to imprison the boy to her womb. Oberon's love-potion initially symbolizes masculine regulation of women's claim for their own sovereignty, but in the Athenian wood Hermia and Helena do not come under its influence. It works only on the male lovers, Lysander and Demetrius, making them beings of 'changeability,' other effeminized male figures. In the end, Hermia and Helena marry the men of their choice despite the father's law, as Theseus' new form of order incorporates female lovers' decisions at the closing moment of the play. While A Midsummer Night's Dream seems to produce monolithic masculine order on the surface, it also produces heterodox gender discourses and call the legitimacy of patriarchy into question. Bottom's words after he awakes, "I have had a most rare vision," indicate a subversive process of challenging normal practices and inversing usual meanings. He articulates a discourse which helps to foreground the idea of gender disruption.

25kg 미만 VTOL 무인기의 비행시간 증가를 위한 시스템 설계 연구

김용태(Yongtae Kim),성기은(Ki Eun Seong) 한국항공우주학회 2021 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

토지공개념 명문화의 헌법적 의미

김용태 ( Yongtae Kim ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2020 인문사회 21 Vol.11 No.3

2018년 3월 26일 「대한민국헌법 개정안」이 발의되었는데, 동 헌법개정안 제128조 제2항은 “국가는 토지의 공공성과 합리적 사용을 위하여 필요한 경우에만 법률로써 특별한 제한을 하거나 의무를 부과할 수 있다”고 하여 토지공개념을 명문화하고 있다. 토지공개념은 헨리 조지의 사회개혁 수행을 위한 토지제도 설계에서 그 기원을 찾을 수 있다. 혹자는 토지공개념과 관련하여 현행 헌법규정을 유지하는 것으로 충분하지만, 만약 토지공개념 강화를 위해 헌법에 추가로 명문화 하여야 한다면 경제 장보다는 기본권 조항인 헌법 제23조 제2항에서 함께 규율하는 것이 더 적절하다고도 한다. 이 글은 토지공개념을 헌법에 명문화할 경우 어떤 요소들을 고려하여야 하는지, 그리고 명문화할 경우 그 규정이 어떤 헌법적 의미를 갖는지에 대해 고찰한다. 문재인 대통령의 헌법개정안 중 토지공개념을 헌법에 명문화한 것만으로도 개헌 성사여부를 떠나 충분한 헌법적 관점을 보여준 것으로 평가할 수 있을 것이다. Constitutional revision(Mar. 26, 2018) Para 2 of Article 128 stipulate the public concept of land ownership. This article deals with conception of the public concept of land ownership and actual awareness of public about this, finally constitutional meaning and limit in case stipulating it. The public concept of land ownership finds origin from Henry George who land system design for social reform. Someone contend that maintain in force constitution provisions about the public concept of land ownership. Also, contend that more appropriate to stipulate not chapter of economy but one of basic rights, if it is supplementally stipulated for tightening up. This article reviews about considerations in case stipulation of land ownership’ public concept and constitutional meaning of one. Constitutional revision of President Moon - stipulate the public concept of land ownership - is evaluated to show the constitutional perspective, regardless of accomplishing or not constitutional amendment.

확률지배를 활용한 DC형 퇴직연금의 목표연계 투자전략

김용태 ( Yongtae Kim ),성주호 ( Joo-ho Sung ),정도영 ( Doyoung Cheong ) 보험연구원 2017 보험금융연구 Vol.28 No.4

마코위츠로 대표되는 평균·분산기준이 투자이론의 주류를 이루고 있음은 주지의 사실이다. 그러나, 이 이론을 개인의 투자의사결정에 접목시키는 데에는 상당한 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 그 대안으로 자산관리 분야에서 이론적 틀이 정립되고 있는 목표연계 투자전략(GBI: Goal-Based Investing)의 내용을 확인하고, 확정기여형 퇴직연금에 있어서 ‘확률지배’ 개념을 GBI와 연계하여 적용하는 방안을 살펴보고자 한다. GBI는 전통적인 마코위츠 이론과 행동재무적 포트폴리오 이론의 장점을 통합하려는 투자이론이다. GBI에서는 개인의 전체자산을 멘탈 어카운팅에 따라 각기 다른 서브포트폴리오(subportfolio)로 구분하고, ‘투자목표 달성에 실패할 확률’을 투자위험으로 재정의 한다. 또한 최근의 연구동향은 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션과 같은 시나리오 분석을 통해 투자안의 성과를 확률적으로 추정하는 방법이 확산되고 있는 추세이다. 이와 같은 확률지배적 GBI를 통해 개인 가입자들은 본인의 전체자금을 서로 다른 서브포트폴리오로 구분하고 그 각각의 위험감내한도를 설정함으로써, 본인의 투자목표에 보다 더 적합한 포트폴리오를 구축할 수 있게 될 것이다. There exist lots of difficulties for individual investors to apply the mean-variance framework to their investment decision making, although the framework has been the mainstream of modern investment theory. According to the recent research papers, many of DC participants’ portfolios are carelessly focused on risk-free assets with low expected returns. In this paper, we introduce Goal-Based Investing using stochastic dominance for DC participants. GBI is an investment theory that integrates the advantages of traditional Markowitz theory and Behavioral Portfolio Theory. Hereby, the investment risk is measured as not the standard deviation of return but the probability of failing to reach goals. Also, GBI investors can divide their aggregated assets into the subportfolios which have different investment goals. Through this solution, investors will be able to make the more accurate estimation of their risk attitudes and invest their pension assets to the appropriate financial products. We hope that this paper could contribute to asset allocation strategies for DC participants to achieve investment goals.

구동 모터의 동특성 평가를 위한 EV 모델 탑재 HILS 개발

김용태(Yongtae Kim),유종일(Jongil Yu),한창수(Changsu Hahn),김진성(Jinsoung Kim),박영일(Youngil Park) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2013 No.11

Point Clouds Recognizer 기반의 한글 인식 방법

김용태(Yongtae Kim),박예찬(Yechan Park),정순교(Soon-Gyo Jung),염상길(Sanggil Yeom),추현승(Hyunseung Choo) 한국정보과학회 2015 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.12

전동화 모터용 10㎾급 모터 다이나모 개발

김용태(Yongtae Kim),이상훈(Sanghoon Lee),한창수(Changsu Hahn) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11

When developing motorized motor, validation of product performance and durability characteristics is very important. In this study, 18000rpm, 10kW class motor dynamometer was developed for the evaluation of the performance characteristics. The motor dynamometer consisted of machine bass parts, measurement data parts, and program control parts, and then was developed motor dynamometer control program based on Delphi7. In addition, a motor / inverter combination testing was automated for the evaluation of performance and durability characteristics, and increased reliability of data.

주행모드에서 사용연료에 따른 자동차의 CO₂ 배출특성과 연료소비율의 상관관계 비교 분석

김용태(Yongtae Kim),이호길(Hokil Lee),강정호(Jeongho Kang),한성빈(Sung Bin Han),정연종(Yonjong Chung) 한국에너지학회 2008 에너지공학 Vol.17 No.4

셰익스피어의 『리어왕』과 스마일리의 『천 에이커』

김용태(Yongtae Kim) 한국셰익스피어학회 2014 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.50 No.2

An American novelist Jane Smiley, in her novel A Thousand Acres published in 1991, rewrites Shakespeare’s King Lear focusing on the father-daughter relations followed by father’s sudden decision to divide and inherit the kingdom/farmland to his daughters. Lear’s two older daughters, Goneril and Regan are two of most wicked characters invented by Shakespeare. But, their evil behaviors are presented as motiveless without being allowed any proper causes for their actions, and they are only used to recover male narratives and institution. Their history until their adulthood is completely erased. In order to rescue them from such notorious fame, Smiley’s overall purpose is to fill in many of gaps in Lear story: the story of missing mother, and the reason for the older daughters’ anger to Lear. In both of King Lear and A Thousand Acres the figure of mother is also absent, but the difference is: whereas Shakespeare erased any trace of mother, which leads to absence of women’s history, except a short remark on Edmund’s mother, Smiley frequently provides remarks on mother(s) and allows Ginny, the counterpart to Goneril and the narrator of the novel, to remember her mother’s past, which leads to her awakening to the fallacy of men’s continual efforts to expand the farmland. The purpose of male farmers’ activity has been to transform the natural land to arable land by taking advantage of any possible technologies. Remembering women’s history allows her to realize how men’s forcing development or exploitation of land having been destroying women’s bodies as illustrated in the fact that chemical fertilizers ever caused her a series of miscarriages. The process of Giny’s remembering of women’s past reaches a peak at her memory of incests done by her father in her childhood. For her father Larry, a Lear figure, abuse or exploitation of the natural land is closely connected with his abuse of women’s bodies. This is what Smiley insures is the very cause of the older daughters’ resistance to their father. Ginny hopes to construct an alternative life; she escapes from the a thousand acre farmland and her husband to a new city to start her life as a waitress at a roadside cafe. She recovers a mother’s role by taking care of the dead Rose’s two daughters, and a life of independent woman, who can write her own history, by studying psychology in a college. In the end she finds a way to be a woman and a mother.

『햄릿』: 응시의 정치성

김용태(Yongtae Kim) 한국셰익스피어학회 2001 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.37 No.2

This article aims at viewing Hamlet in a limited perspective, focusing on the political struggle between Hamlet and Claudius in the early modem court of Elsinore, a court characterized by the atmosphere of gazing, controlling and generalized espionage. Shakespeare's representation of Hamlet's political world recapitulates the change of the mechanisms of power from display to surveillance that enabled the creation of the modem statecraft in the English courts of Elizabeth I and James I. Formerly, the display of sovereign power was achieved by means of impressing the monarch's greatness on the subject-spectator. It was, in effect, a practice of setting the monarch, as it were, upon a public stage, but the 'king on stage' carried with it a serious risk. It generated in the monarch an anxiety that representation might become itself subversive, that his royal presence, his being subject to the common view, might be misconstrued by his subject-spectators. The new institution of surveillance arose from this anxiety and the need for recovering the sovereign's power of the gaze. In this respect, Foucault's theory of the reciprocal relation between power and knowledge forms a theoretical basis for the present study of Hamlet. Hamlet links power with the ability to see and is structured in terms of multiple sights and perspectives in such a fashion that the hidden secrecy of others is disclosed to the gazing eye. Hamlet and Claudius share a common anxiety: both are well aware that they are both prying into each other's secrecy by gazing not only at outward behaviors but also into inward intentions and then by properly interpreting them for political purposes. Their attempts at finding "ocular proof' or admissible evidence necessary for conviction are part of their struggle for political advantage over each other. What is more important for Hamlet, therefore, is rather to find out the validity of the Ghost's revelation than to seek the best way of avenging the death of father. Claudius's most urgent business is also to disclose the mask of Hamlet's "antic disposition" and to gather information on his "something which passes show." The play-within-a play, devised to seek access to the hidden secrecy of Claudius, is the turning point where Hamlet's gazing power takes over Claudius's by rendering Claudius the object of an accusing gaze. The process in which Hamlet secures power is none other than the process wherein he moves out of the position of the object gazed into the position of the gazing subject.