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체코의 체제전환 성공 요인 분석: 통화정책과 고용정책을 중심으로
김신규 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.3
Judging that factors that enabled the Czech Republic to pursue rapid, continuous and comprehensive reforms immediately after the transition were the effective control of inflation and unemployment, the purpose of this paper is to examine factors that succeeded in price and employment stability through monetary and employment policies. This article confirms that the Czech Republic succeeded in quickly addressing hyperinflation and high unemployment through austerity monetary policy and active employment policy, which served as an asset for continuous reform implementation. This fact suggests lessons for other countries that are promoting or will promote economic reform, that can only pursue further reforms with the support of the people only when they achieve price and employment stability.
김신규 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2024 통합유럽연구 Vol.15 No.3
In this article, I examine how the populist regimes of Hungary and Poland have attacked the entire judiciary, including the Constitutional Court, and how they have used the judiciary as a tool of the regime after the successful attack. In Section 2, I examine how the PiS and Fidesz regimes have attacked the Constitutional Court and the judiciary. To this end, I distinguish between formal and informal methods of attacking the Constitutional Court and the judiciary, and define formal ‘court-curbing’ as capturing the judiciary through the Constitution and law with ‘court-packing’. In addition, informal judiciary-curbing refers to methods of ignoring the Constitutional Court’s rulings, circumventing the Constitution through simple legislation, and undermining trust in the judiciary through blackmails and attacks on judges. In this article, I confirm that formal and informal curbing have similar results, although they differ in the speed at which they undermine the independence of the Constitutional Court and the judiciary. Section 3 examines the informal methods of court-curbing, including the court-packing of the Constitutional Court and the judiciary through the Polish PiS, and Section 4 focuses on the formal curbing of the Hungarian Fidesz, which degraded the entire judiciary, including the Constitutional Court, to a tool of the regime through several constitutional amendments and legislation. Section 5 compares the similarities and differences of the court-curbing of the PiS and Fidesz and looks forward to whether the rule of law and democracy in the two countries can return to democratic trajectory in the near future.
Tetrahydroberberine의 N과 C_14 개열 검토
김신규,황순호,박예진,김은주,신혜경,안혜리 慶熙大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.24 No.-
In this paper we described an efficient N-C_14 Bond Cleavage of tetrahydroberberinium methylchloride(2), via(3), using IRA-400 and its application to a Simple Novel Synthesis of 3,4-dimethoxy-5,6,7,8,-tetrahydro-10,11-methylenedioxy-6-methyldibenzo[c,g]azecine(4).
김신규 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2024 통합유럽연구 Vol.15 No.2
In this paper, I first analyze through various indices the extent to which democracy had regressed in the four Visegrad countries, including Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, from 2010 to 2020. Through these indices, I examine why the Czech Republic did not experience a democratic backsliding like in Hungary or Poland. Chapter 2 examines the characteristics of democratic backsliding, which has emerged as a trend in Central and Eastern Europe since 2010, in detail into media independence, civil society, independence of the judiciary, and election fairness. In Chapter 3, populism in each country, which can be said to be the main agent of democratic regression, is classified in detail, and Czech populism is classified into technocrat populism or entrepreneurial populism. Chapter 4 analyzes the differences between Czech technocrat populism and the populism combined with far-right ideology in Hungary and Poland. Chapter 5 summarizes the populism of ANO and Babiš, suggesting that efforts to eradicate corruption and reduce polarization through fair economic and social policies are necessary for democracy to regain its resilience.
김신규,민병길,장문수,서정택 한국융합보안학회 2009 융합보안 논문지 Vol.9 No.1
제어시스템은 에너지, 교통, 수자원 등의 운영을 제어하는 국가기반시설로 사고 발생시 국가적 재앙수준의 피해를 유발시킨다. 현대 전쟁에는 사이버전이 동반 수행되고 있으며 제어시스템은 제일의 목표일 가능성이 높다. 또한, 테러리스트들의 공격 목표대상이기도 하다. 이렇게 제어시 스템에 대한 사이버 테러 가능성이 높아지고 있으나 제어시스템은 점점 외부에 노출되고 있다. 이는 효율적인 제어시스템 운용을 위해 제어시스템의 실시간 정보를 외부에 전달하기 시작했기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 국가 중추신경이라 할 수 있는 제어시스템에 대해 발생할 수 있는 보 안위협과 시나리오 및 대응방안에 대해 설명한다. ICS(Industrial Control System) is national critical infrastructure. That controls energy, transportation, water and so on. If ICS is Attacked by terrorists or enemy nations, Nation has been critically damaged. Today, the cyber war belongs to the general war. So, Critical infrastructure is a first target to terrorist or enemy nation for Cyber war. But, There are many security threats in ICS, because ICS connects to intranet or internet. In this paper, We discuss cyber security threats and scenarios in ICS. And, We propose cyber security measures in ICS.