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불소화 처리된 페놀계 활성탄소를 이용한 톨루엔 가스흡착 특성
김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),정민정 ( Min Jung Jung ),김민일 ( Min Il Kim ),최석순 ( Suk Soon Choi ),이영석 ( Young Seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.5
Activated carbons (ACs) were treated by fluorination to improve the adsorption property of toluene gas among volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The pore characteristics and surface properties of these activated carbons were evaluated by BET and XPS and the adsorption property and removal efficiency of toluene gas was investigated by gas chromatography. The breakthrough time of fluorinated ACs was increased about 27% compared to that of untreated ACs when the toluene gas of 100 ppm was flowed at a flow rate of 300 cm3/min. Fluorinated AC of 0.1 g adsorbent totally adsorbed toluene gas in 100 ppm to 100 % during the adsorption time in 19 h. These results can be used as a treatment technology or removal of carcinogenic materials such as toluene.
“통신자료 등” 취급 문제의 해결을 위한 법해석론적인 제언
김민이(KIM MIN EE),이경렬(LEE KYUNG LYUL) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2016 성균관법학 Vol.28 No.1
2014년 “다음카카오사태” 및 “사이버사찰” 등의 사건은 국민의 기본권 침해에 대한 불안감을 가중시키는 계기가 되었다. 더욱이 ‘통신비밀보호법’상의 “통신사실 확인자료”와 ‘전기통신사업법’상의 “통신자료” 제공과 관련되어 규정하고 있는 절차적 엄격성에 대한 차이는 국가에 의한 통신비밀 침해에 대한 문제의식과 함께, 관련 법 개정 작업을 부추겼다. 이에 제19대 국회에서는 이와 관련된 법률들 - 통신비밀보호법, 전기통신사업법 등 - 의 개정법률안을 제안하였는데, 주요 요지는 국민의 사생활 보호를 위한 법적 통제의 강화에 있었다. 즉 일차적으로는 “통신자료 등”에 대한 개별 법률에서의 규정을 지금보다 더 강화하는 방안으로, 이차적으로는 전기통신사업법상 통신자료에 대해서 통신사실확인자료와 같은 수준의 절차적 기준을 마련하는 방안이다. 한편, 우리나라는 통신비밀 관련 개별 법률의 일반법이라 할 수 있는 ‘개인정보보호법’이 지난 2011년 제정되면서, 기존의 관련 개별법규정들이 폐지된 것이 아니라 다른 법률의 특별한 규정으로 병존하여 시행되도록 규정되었다. 이에 전기통신 사업자가 정보주체 이외의 자에게 “통신자료 등”의 제공과 관련하여 전기통신이용자의 인적사항을 제공하는 것이 개인정보보호법상의 “개인정보”의 제공에 해당하는가라는 법 적용상의 문제가 발생하였다. 즉, 통신사실확인자료와 통신자료의 내용이 통신비밀대상이지만 개인의 통신정보로 개인정보에도 해당한다면, 개인정보 보호법을 중심으로 한 개별(특별)법들의 적용에 체계정합성이 필요한 실정이다. 여기서는 개별(특별)법에서 규율하고 있는 통신비밀 관련 제도들의 절차적 기준에 따른 문제점을 개인정보보호법에 의한 개인정보의 이용과 보호의 관점에서 통합적인 법해석론으로 해결할 수 있다고 하였다. It is common in law making process that law makers legislate a general law first and a special law afterwards to supplement the general law. Communication related laws, however, do not agree with this common procedure. For example Personal Information Protection Act, a general law, was established in South Korea, 2011. It was when after special laws such as ‘Protection of Communications Secrets Act’ and ‘Telecommunications Business Act’ were established. This uncommonness has caused the confusion in priority when applying laws dealing with communication secret. In particular, “communication data” protected by the special laws of ‘Protection of Communications Secrets Act’ and ‘Telecommunications Business Act’ belong to personal information which is covered by Personal Information Protection Act, the general law. Meanwhile lawmakers of 19th National Assembly recently have proposed to revise each of the special laws. The revision aims at enhancing the control over criminal investigation procedure in order to protect personal information and - ultimately - the privacy of citizens. It is, however, questionable to revise each of the special laws to achieve the purpose of personal information protection. In this perspective this paper argues that it can be more efficient and logical to revise Personal Information Protection Act, the general law than each of the special laws.
Analysis of Microbial Communities in Aquatic Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells Injected with Glucose
김민,김수현,장재수,고성철,Kim, Min,Ekpeghere, Kalu I.,Kim, Soo-Hyeon,Chang, Jae-Soo,Koh, Sung-Cheol The Microbiological Society of Korea 2012 미생물학회지 Vol.48 No.4
The purpose of this research was to optimize electric current production of sediment microbial fuel cells by injecting glucose and to investigate its impact on microbial communities involved. It was shown that injection of proper concentration of glucose could increase electric current generated from sediment microbial fuel cells. When 1,000 mg/L of glucose, as opposed to higher concentrations, was injected, electric current increased up to 3 times. This increase is mainly attributed to the mutual relationship between fermenting bacteria and exoelectrogenic bacteria. Here the organic acids generated by fermenting bacteria could be utilized by exoelectrogenic bacteria, removing feedback inhibition caused by the organic acids. When glucose was injected, the population of Clostridium increased as to ferment injected glucose. Glucose fermentation can have either a positive or negative effect on electric current generation. When exoelectrogenic bacteria may readily utilize the end-product, electric current could increase. However, when the end-product was not readily removed, then detrimental chemical reactions (pH decrease, methane generation, organic acids accumulation) occurred: exoelctrogenic bacteria population declined and non-microbial fuel cell related microorganisms prospered. By injecting a proper concentration of glucose, a mutual relationship between fermenting bacteria, such as Clostridium, and exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Geobacter, should be fulfilled in order to increase electricity production in mixed cultures of microorganisms collected from the aquatic sediments.
김민이(Kim Min Ee),성경숙(Sung Kyung Suk) 숭실대학교 법학연구소 2011 法學論叢 Vol.25 No.-
현재 조직범죄라는 용어에 대한 정확한 개념정의는 없다. 그러나 외국인의 증가와 마약류 범죄와의 관련성 속에서 단순한 폭력조직이라는 종래의 개념에서 지능형조직범죄로 바뀌었음은 분명하다. 이러한 추세 속에서 조직범죄는 범죄를 통해 창출한 불법수익을 소위 ‘자금세탁’을 통해 다시금 범죄로 재투자하는 방식으로 그 범죄규모를 거대화 하고 있는 실정이다. 이 때문에 이에 대한 형사제재로서 등장한 범죄수익(불법수익)몰수가 중요한 의의를 갖는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 조직범죄에 대한 형사제재로서 범죄수익몰수에 대해서 알아보고자 한다. 우선 몰수와 관련하여 우리나라는 형법상의 몰수와 특별법상의 몰수, 그리고 이러한 범죄수익몰수를 위한 특별법상의 몰수로 나뉘고 있어, 전체적으로 이원적 입법방식을 취하고 있다. 2010년 개정시안에서와 같이 다수의 특별법은 형법에 편입시켜, 종래의 형법상의 몰수대상을 재산 · 이익 · 수익금 · 보수 등을 포함하도록 하고, 범죄수익의 특수성을 고려하여 범죄수익몰수와 관련한 특별법은 그대로 존치시키는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 국가적 경제흐름에도 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 막대한 범죄수익(불법수익)과 함께 조직범죄를 근절하는데 탄력적으로 대처하기 위해서도 이러한 이원적 입법방식을 유지시키는 것이 타당해 보인다. 둘째로 특별법상에서의 범죄수익몰수가 형법상의 몰수제도와 차별성을 두는 위와 같은 법적태도에 입각할 때, 어떤 측면에서 다르게 보고 대처해야 하는지가 중요하다. 이에 범죄수익몰수와 관련하여 범죄진압적 · 범죄예방적 측면 모두를 고려하여 사전예방적 측면과 사후제재적 측면으로 나누어 살펴보고자 한다. 범죄수익몰수를 위한 사전예방적 측면에서는 계좌추적을 설명한다. 계좌추적은 은닉된 범죄수익의 손쉬운 파악을 위해 예금계좌를 추적하여 자금의 흐름을 파악하기 때문에, 범죄수익몰수의 적용을 확대하는데 기여할 수가 있기 때문이다. 그러나 계좌추적은 범죄행위가 밝혀진 사안에 대한 통제수단이 아니기 때문에 엄격한 관점에서 접근해야 한다는 한계가 있다. 이에 사후제재적 측면에서의 철저한 제재가 더불어 필요한 것이다. 따라서 범죄수익몰수와 관련하여 불법수익의 추정강화와 범죄수익몰수의 사후적 실효성을 확보하기 위한 것으로서 추징의 강화가 필요한 것이다. 마지막으로 이렇게 강화된 범죄수익몰수로 인한 막대한 몰수 · 추징금을 활용하는 방안으로서 범죄수익몰수자산을 범죄피해자보호기금으로 편성하는 입법의 마련을 요구한다. 우리와 입법방식이 같은 일본의 경우는 이미 2006년 이에 대한 입법이 마련되었고, 같은 재산형의 범주에 있는 벌금에 대해서는 우리나라 또한 2010년 “범죄피해자보호기금법”이 제정된 것을 보더라도 가능한 일이라 생각된다. 조직범죄에 대한 형사제재로서 범죄수익몰수가 단순히 조직범죄만을 척결하기 위한 제도로서 전락하는 것이 아니라, 범죄인에 대한 응보와 예방 이외에도, 범죄피해자를 돌볼 수 있는 현대형 형사제재로서 발전할 수 있도록 하여야 하기 때문이다. This paper examines confiscation of criminal proceeds as criminal sanction for organized crime. It differentiates from the existing criminal law, that is, special law. The Organized crime is not only a problem that certain countries are having but a major problem that all nations have to deal with. But the effective extermination in such crimes can’t be achieved by the existing criminal sanction, so we should introduce new criminal sanction. From this point of view, this paper analyzes confiscation of criminal proceeds in two aspects; prevention and ex-post sanction. First, to handle prevention aspect, we have devised the bank account tracing. For the purpose of promoting the effect of a search and the possibility of preserving a proof as well as simply figuring out some concealed illegal savings account from the judicial authorities or the financial supervisor committee, this method might be helpful in making it easier to spot the flow of funds. The chase of financial dealings by a national organization, however, could be abused. Therefore, we have legislated ex-post sanction along with confiscation of criminal proceeds such as presumption of illegal proceed & additional collection. The organized crime could gain a huge amount of criminal proceeds and they use them as means of another offense again, it makes a so-called vicious circle. In conclusion, it is important to take not only bankaccounttracing as prevention but also ex-post sanction which good effect and necessary sanction in the confiscation system. Finally, assets forfeiture fund can be considered as a part of restorative justice, which substantially helps criminal victims overcoming a criminal sanction itself. Criminal victims, the weak in the world of criminal law, not only suffer from physical, material damage by offenders, but also psychological, financial damage indirectly by them. In occasion, the secondary damages can more harm the victims. Nevertheless, the existing criminal justice system cannot fully institutionalize the approaches to completely repair their damages. In terms of this, assets forfeiture fund, as a part of restorative justice, can be regarded as an efficient method to secure financial resources for criminal victims such as monetary penalty.
피치계 활성탄소섬유기반 가스센서 제조 및 유해가스 감응 특성
김민일 ( Min Il Kim ),이영석 ( Young Seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학 Vol.25 No.2
The electrode for gas sensor was prepared by using pitch-based activated carbon fibers and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to inves-tigate the toxic gas sensing characteristics. The physicochemical properties of activated carbon fibers electrode for gas sensor were analyzed with SEM and BET. Toxic gases sensing property of the electrode was also identified by different toxic gases such as NH3, NO and CO2. The specific surface area of activated carbon fibers electrode for gas sensor was decreased by 33% owing to PVA used as a binder compared with the activated carbon fibers. However, its pore size distribution of the ACF electrode was not greatly influenced by PVA. The activated carbon fibers electrode for gas sensor responded to toxic gases by electron hopping unlike semiconductor based gas sensors. In this study, activated carbon fibers electrode was de-creased to 7.5% in resistance for the NH3 gas of the 100 ppm concentration and its NH3 gas sensing property was confirmed the most excellent compared with other toxic gases.
김민,김관형,김현희,변기식,Kim, Min,Kim, Gwan-Hyung,Kim, Hyun-Hee,Byun, Gi-Sik 한국정보통신학회 2013 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.17 No.6
The propose of this study is to apply establish the foundation for development of elder driver friendly smart cluster. At first, vehicle dashboard trends were analyzed. Secondly, we presents the structure of elder driver friendly smart cluster and explains android based meter cluster. also, we shows the implementation details and experimental result of elder driver friendly smart cluster system. And we presents a summary and conclusions.
소비자 특성에 따른 숙녀화 불만족 요인 연구 - 구매 시와 구매 후 사용과정을 중심으로 -
김민,김미숙 ( Min Kim,Mi Sook Kim ) 한국의류학회 1998 한국의류학회지 Vol.22 No.6
The purposes of this study were to identify the dimensions of consumers` dissatisfaction with dress shoes when purchase and while using them, and to examine the differences in dissatisfaction factors among consumers grouped by age, occupation and purchasing characteristics. A questionnaire consisted of 86 consumer`s dissatisfaction statements with purchasing and using women`s dress shoes was developed after conducting 3 pilot tests, and administered to 520 women in age between 20 and 60 years residing in Seoul and the metropolitan areas in June, 1997; 457 were used for data analysis. Ten factors of dissatisfaction with the women`s dress shoes when buying them were identified: attitudes of salespersons, bargain sales, variety of styles, store environment, inconvenience in using gift certificates, fashion, advertisement, display, design, and size. During purchase stage, consumers grouped by demographic characteristics and purchase behaviors showed significant differences in design, attitudes of salespersons, store environment, and selected dissatisfaction factors. Nine dissatisfaction factors with using dress shoes were identified: physical discomfort, after-service, distort of shape, low quality, surface defects, suede/ wearing out, fit, inferiority of color and texture/walking discomforts. During consumption stage, consumers with different demographic characteristics and purchase behaviors were found significantly different in physical discomfort, fit, and selected dissatisfaction factors.