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김덕령,박성한,Kim, Dug-Ryung,Park, Sung-Han 대한전자공학회 1999 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s36 No.12
본 논문에서는 group of picture 변화에 강하도록 레이블을 동영상에 내장하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 DCT와 IDCT 과정 없이 화소 영역에서 레이블을 내장하지만 DCT 주파수 영역에서 내장된 레이블을 검출한다. 레이블을 내장할 때 동영상의 품질을 훼손하지 않기 위해서 인간 시각 시스템에 기초한 워터마크의 크기를 구한다. DCT 주파수 영역에서 레이블을 검출할 때 화소 패턴과 DCT 계수의 부호 열 정보를 가지는 lookup table을 이용한다. 중심 극한 이론을 사용하여 MPEG2 부호화된 동영상에서의 레이블 검출 비트 에러율을 분석하고 기존의 방법들과 비교한다. We propose a new watermarking method to embed a label in a video which is robust against the change of the group of picture. The proposed method embeds labels in the pixel domain, but detects the label in the DCT frequency domain. For embedding a label, the size of watermark based on the human visual system is calculated to keep a quality of videos. A lookup table haying the pixel patterns and the sequences of a sign of DCT coefficients is used for detecting a label in the DCT frequency domain. In this paper, we analyze bit error rates for labels of videos compressed by MPEG2 using the central limit theorem and compare the simulation results with previous methods.
신경회로망을 이용한 손으로 작성된 논리회로 도면 인식 알고리듬
김덕령,박성한,Kim, Dug-Ryung,Park, Sung-Han 대한전자공학회 1990 전자공학회논문지 Vol. No.
In this paper, a neural patten recognition method for the automatic circuit diagram reading system is proposed. The proposed procedure to recognize a deformed logic symbols is composed of three stages: feature detection, log mapping, and pattern classification. In the feature detection stage, a modified competitive learning algorithm where each pattern has the inhibition weight as well as the activation weight is developed. The global information of hand-written logic symbols is obtained by the feature detection neural network having both the inhibition and activation weights. The obtained global data is then transformed into a log space by the conformal mapping where according to the Schwartz's theory about the human visual signal process-ing, the degree of rotation and the scale change are mapped into the translation change. Logic symbols are finally classified by a three layer perceptron trained by the error back propagation algorithm. The computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed multistage neural network system can recognize well the deformed patterns of hand-written logic circuit diagrams. 본 논문에서는 CAD 시스템의 신경망을 이용한 자동 입력기 구축을 위한 논리 심볼 인식방법을 제시한다. 손으로 작성한 도면을 인식하기 위해 특징 추출과 log mapping, 그리고 패턴 인식의 다단계 과정을 거친다. 각 논리 심볼의 현태 정보를 추출하기 위해 억제 가중치를 학습할 수 있는 경쟁 학습법을 제안하고 회전과 크기의 변화를 병진된 결과로 나타내는 log mapping을 하고 형태가 변한 심볼을 인식할 수 있도록 겹쳐지는 수용야(Receptive field)를 준비하여 error back propagation을 이용한 다층망으로 심볼을 인식한다.
김덕령,박성한 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s35 No.4
In this paper, a new watermarking method for a copy protectionof images is proposed. The proposed method adaptively embeds a watermark in the frequency domain of images using human visual system model. For this purpose, the Just Noticeable Differences(JNDs) of each frequency coeffeicient value of a luminance plane is first found using Watson and Solomon's visual system model. An invisible maximum watermark value with is different in every position according to the characteristics of images is determined usig JND and Minkowski metric. A low frequency domain is divided into two sets based on a PN-sequence to protect thewatermark from the attack. The watermarks are added to one set of coefficients and detecting a watermark, the difference between the mean values of absolute coefficient values of both sets is calculated. The embedded watermark is tested using statistical hypothesis based on test static dertermined by the ean difference. To demonstrate the perfromance of the proposed method, the new watermarking method is applied to a high frequency image and low frequency images. Experimenatal results show the watermark is invisible and robust to JPEGlossy compression and noise.
이연희,김덕령,김현경,주황수 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a worldwide opportunistic pathogen that leads human to bacterial infections. Increasing cases of MRSA infection on the central nervous system (CNS) motivated us to study the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on MRSA. Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are one of the major toxins produced by S. aureus and have been reported to have an important role in cell aggregation and biofilm formation. In this study, we cultured community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and its PSM knockout strain in the mixture of tryptic soy broth and CSF. This culture environment led the bacterial cells to aggregate. Effect of CSF on the other virulence factors including toxin production and biofilm formation was also studied. The unknown factor in CSF to cause staphylococcal cell aggregation associated with PSMs is currently under investigation.
김형준,김재훈,김덕령,강희인,문병관,김주성 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2014 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.16 No.3
Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation betweenmeteorological factors and occurrence of spontaneous intracerebralhemorrhage (ICH) according to age. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the records of 735ICH patients in a metropolitan hospital-based population. Observed andexpected numbers of ICH patients were obtained at 5°C intervals of ambienttemperature and a ratio of observed to expected frequency wasthen calculated. Changes in ambient temperature from the day beforeICH onset day were observed. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was usedto test differences in meteorological variables between the onset andnon-onset days. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison of meteorologicalvariables across gender and age. Results : ICH was observed more frequently (observed/expected ratio ≥ 1)at lower mean, minimum, and maximum ambient temperature (p = 0.0002,0.0003, and 0.0002, respectively). Significantly lower mean, minimum, andmaximum ambient temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, andatmospheric pressure (p = 0.0003, 0.0005, 0.0001, 0.0013, 0.0431, and 0.0453,respectively) was observed for days on which spontaneous ICH occurred. In the subgroup analysis, the ICH onset day showed significantly lowermean, minimum, and maximum ambient temperature, dew point temperature,relative humidity, and higher atmospheric pressure in the older (≥65 years) female group (p = 0.0093, 0.0077, 0.0165, 0.0028, 0.0055, and0.0205, respectively). Conclusion : Occurrence of spontaneous ICH is closely associated withmeteorological factors and older females are more susceptible to lowerambient temperature.