번역의 본질과 언어학적 제의미의 전달문제

金根植,Kim, Keun-Sik 한국외국어대학교 통역대학원 1985 통역대학원 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

주의 집중 기법을 활용한 객체 검출 모델

김근식,배정수,차의영,Kim, Geun-Sik,Bae, Jung-Soo,Cha, Eui-Young 한국정보통신학회 2020 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.24 No.12

With the emergence of convolutional neural network in the field of machine learning, the model for solving image processing problems has seen rapid development. However, the computing resources required are also rising, making it difficult to learn from a typical environment. Attention mechanism is originally proposed to prevent the gradient vanishing problem of the recurrent neural network, but this can also be used in a direction favorable to learning of the convolutional neural network. In this paper, attention mechanism is applied to convolutional neural network, and the excellence of the proposed method is demonstrated through the comparison of learning time and performance difference at this time. The proposed model showed that both learning time and performance were superior in object detection based on YOLO compared to models without attention mechanism, and experimentally demonstrated that learning time could be significantly reduced. In addition, this is expected to increase accessibility to machine learning by end users.

임상 : 전방 두개저부 병변에 대한 두개 안면 접근법; 합병증

김근식 ( Geun Sik Kim ),김승민 ( Seong Min Kim ),정승영 ( Seung Young Chung ),정성삼 ( Sung Sam Jeong ),박문선 ( Moon Sun Park ),하호균 ( Ho Gyun Ha ),김한규 ( Han Kyu Kim ) 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2005 대한뇌종양학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective￡ºThe purpose of this study is to describe the commom complications of craniofacial approaches to lesion on anterior skull base and some technical refinements to prevent the complications. Methods￡ºAuthors reviewed medical records and radiological findings of 21 operations(including 2 reoperations) of 19 patients having anterior skull base tumors treated by craniofacial approaches from 1998 to 2004 . Results￡ºTwenty-one operations showed several complications. Those were cerebrospinal fluid leakage(3), meningitis(1), anosmia(3), epidural hematoma(1), pneumocephalus(1). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was treated by lumbar drainage. Meningitis was treated by lumbar drainage and appropriate antibiotics. Epidural hematoma and pneumocephalus were resolved spontaneously. The complication of transfrontal and transnasomaxillary approach was none. The complications of transfrontal nasal approach were anosmia(1) and epidural hematoma(1). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage(3), meningitis(1), anosmia(2), and pneumocephalus(1) arose in the transfrontal nasal-orbital approach. Conclusion￡ºMotality and morbidity of craniofacial approach is relative low. Water-tight duroplasty, strong reconstrucion of anterior skull base and lumbar drainage are important for prevention of cerebrospinal leakage. We think that the lesion of anterior skull base is safely performed by appropriate craniofacial approach and reconstruction.

기후변화 및 에너지 안보 인식의 긍정적/부정적 판단에 따른 원자력 에너지 수용성 영향 분석

김근식(Geun-Sik Kim),이선우(Sun-Woo Lee),심준섭(Jun-Seop Sim) 한국정책분석평가학회 2019 政策分析評價學會報 Vol.29 No.2

극 소전력을 소비하는 LED 도로표지병

김근식(Keunsik Kim),김재설(Jaeseol Kim),유동주(Dong-Joo Yoo) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11

Traditional retro-reflectors and markings have a problems of driver’s visibility for a rain and fog or surface spray conditions. Illuminated studs, so called cat’s eye system, provide benefits in reduced visibility that road delineation remains visible even under these conditions. This paper presents the design concept of cat’s eye system that ultra low energy consumption is analog circuit controlled so that just a few hours of daylight will provide enough battery power to last 14 days- more than enough to ensure the system keeps working no matter what the weather.

COX I 및 RAG 2 유전자 염기서열 분석에 의한 tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus와 giant grouper E. Lanceolatus 간 잡종의 동정

김근식 ( Keun Sik Kim ),이효련 ( Hyo Ryeon Lee ),( Ahemad Sade ),방인철 ( In Chul Bang ) 한국어류학회 2014 한국어류학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Interspecific hybrids between tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and giant grouper E. lanceolatus were genetically identified based on the partial sequence analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase I (COX I) gene and nuclear recombination activating gene 2 (RAG 2) gene. Out of 585 base positions of RAG 2, a total of five nucleotide substitutions were detected between the two parental species (E. fuscoguttatus and E. lanceolatus). The hybrids had two distinct types of RAG 2 sequences corresponding to those of both parental species. Mitochondrial COX I gene sequencing showed that hybrids had sequences identical to E. fuscoguttatus. Molecular data clearly demonstrate that hybridization does occur between E. fuscoguttatus and E. lanceolatus, but with E. fuscoguttatus as the maternal parent.

대북정책과 대미정책 그리고 민족주의

김근식 ( Geun Sik Kim ) 조선대학교 동북아연구소 2013 동북아연구 Vol.28 No.1

In terms of nationalism in Korea, It is based on Korean people`s emotion and sentiment. In the mean time, we also required complete nationalism as the driving force and foundation for political democracy and economic development in order to build a modernized nation state. In particular, as the modernization process was distorted, delayed and fractured due to foreign pillage and intervention. Korean nationalism added to it the additional characteristics of resistant nationalism and reunification nationalism combined and came to have an even more stable ideological identity. In this 21st century, Korea`s nationalism as the ideological foundation of its international strategies should include political content and reflect Korean nationalism`s features and characteristics in a balanced way. First, Korean nationalism should reflect civic nationalism and ethnic nationalism at the same time and achieve them simultaneously as well. Second, Korean nationalism should reflect and achieve the characteristics of reunification nationalism and resistant nationalism. Therefore, Korea`s international strategies based on nationalism should not be the radical insistence of anti-American autonomy or anti-American reunification but the progressive value of national reconciliation. The equivalent Korean-American relationship should coexist with, be compatible with, and accompanied by the conservative value of North Korean modernization and favorable Korean-American relationship at the same time. This is a very expedient solution to narrowing the gap between policy toward North Korea and policy toward the U.S., stop the vicious cycle of North and South Korean and Korean-American relations, and resolve unnecessary South-South conflict.

후기 고구려 왕실의 표상(表象), 사신도 벽화고분

김근식(Kim, KeunSik) 한국고대사학회 2023 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.- No.112

Sasindo is a mural sanction representing Goguryeo’s mural tombs and is a painting left in many people’s minds with a strong impression. Although the sasin has already been used since ancient times, it is rare that the entire tomb is filled with a sasin like Goguryeo and used as a sole sanction for the tomb. In other words, it is presumed that the wall painting of the front Sasindo was preferred only by Goguryeo during a certain period, and its symbolism was also different from the past. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to find out how the thought of the envoy was transferred to Goguryeo and transformed into a unique form of Goguryeo, known as the Latter-day part Sasindo Mural Tomb. In addition, through a detailed analysis of the mural tombs of the 10th period of the late Sasindo, which depicts whole page Sasindo, the Sasindo as a representation of the Goguryeo royal family was discussed. Unlike the existing mural techniques based on a plaster, the Latter-day Sasindo Mural Tomb adopts a method of painting murals directly on the wall by trimming large stones without applying sasimi. As there are enough points to know the process of change, this was also reviewed in detail. It was also examined that just as Goguryeo’s conversion of tombs was intertwined with King Jangsu’s Pyongyang, the conversion of mural painting techniques was also related to social changes in the late Goguryeo period. Accordingly, Sasindo introduced from China also examined the transfer of culture, and the background of its appearance was reviewed. In addition to textual materials, the mural paintings of Goguryeo’s ancient tombs were a very important material that could visually identify one aspect of the thoughts of the time. In particular, since the former buildings of the old land Nakrang and Daebang and the early Pyongyang mural tombs include new cultures, ideas, and technologies from China, close investigation and progress examination. Subsequently, the characteristics and structural formations were examined through a detailed investigation of mural tombs, their commonalities, and differences. All facilities that make up the tomb room, including the appearance of the tomb, were compared and analyzed, and the classification of the tomb was sought in various ways to identify users. Finally, by synthesizing the above description, I tried to describe the process of building the royal family mural tombs and the reason for adopting Sasindo as a representation. The Sasindo of the Latter-day Sasindo Mural Tomb was a special method of Goguryeoization, and this phenomenon appeared when the Goguryeo royal family monopolized Sasindo. As Sasido was already a widespread sanction, Goguryeo’s royal family applied it to their tombs through deified envoys, and it was used as a means of expressing that they were members of the royal family.

김정일 시대 북한의 당ㆍ정ㆍ군 관계 변화

김근식(Keun-sik Kim) 한국정치학회 2002 한국정치학회보 Vol.36 No.2

본 논문은 최근 북한의 당정군 관계 변화를 북한정치체제의 핵심기반이라 할 수 있는 수령제 시스템의 변화가능성과 연관지어 고찰한 것이다. 즉 표면적으로 드러난 당정군 관계의 변화 분석에만 그치지 않고 그것이 수령제의 일정한 변화로 해석되거나 향후 수령제의 변화가능성을 시사하는 한에서의 함의에 주목하고자 한 것이다. 오랫동안 북한의 정치체제는 수령의 유일지도를 관철하기 위해 당우위의 정연한 당정군 체계를 유지해왔다. 그런데 최근에는 이같은 수령제 하의 당정군 관계에 일정한 변화조짐을 보이고 있는 바, 주요하게는 1998년 헌법에서의 주석제와 중앙인민위원회 폐지를 통해 수령과 당의 국가기관 지배채널이 사라진 점, 1998년 이후 이른바 ‘내각책임제, 내각중심제’의 등장으로 행정경제사업에 대한 당적 지도가 약화되고 내각의 책임성이 강화된 점, 선군정치의 전면화를 통해 과거 당의 무장력으로만 한정되었던 군대가 혁명의 주력군이자 기둥으로 자리매김되고 군대의 위상과 역할이 눈에 띄게 높아진 정, 그리고 당의 우위를 견지하려는 원칙적 입장의 견지에도 불구하고 당의 정치적 위상과 기능이 상대적으로 약화된 점 등이 그것이다. 이처럼 수령의 영도를 일사불란하게 관철시켜야 하는 당이 국가기관과 군대에 대해 과거와 같은 정치적 지도를 하지 못할 경우 ‘시스템으로서의 수령제’가 작동되기 보다는 수령 김정일의 ‘개인적 지배’에 의해 당정군이 장악되는 방식으로 변화할 가능성을 내포한다. 당정군이 유기적으로 결합되어 시스템에 의해 수령의 뜻이 관철되는 것이 아니라 이제 수령 개인이 당정군을 각각 직할통치함으로써 뜻을 관철하는 방식인 것이다. 이는 곧 북한의 수령제가 ‘시스템 지배에서 개인 지배방식으로’ 변화하고 있음을 의미하고 이 경우 수령의 사망이나 유고시 혹은 당정군 사이에 의견대립이 있을 경우 유일지도체제로서의 수령제는 작동 불가능할 수도 있음을 시사하는 것이다. This article analyzes the connection between the recent change of party-government-military relations and the possibility of a change of the “Great Leader” system in North Korea. For decades, the North Korean political system has maintained an orderly party-dominated, party-government-military relationship to fulfill Suryong’s monolithic leadership. This relationship, however, has recently changed to some degree. The control-channels of Suryong and the party as a state-apparatus disappeared through the abolition of the Presidency and the Central People’s Committee in the 1998 Constitution. The party’s handling of the administrative and economic affairs have declined with the cabinet assuming more of the responsibilities with the launch of the “Cabinet Responsibility System” since 1998. The position and role of the military, which were circumscribed to the party’s armed forces in the past, have ascended to become the main force and pillar of the all-out showing of their “Military-First Politics.” In spite of the principle position of supporting the party’s dominance, the political power and functions of the party have been relatively reduced. These changes indicate that the party should realize that the practice of Suryong leadership has become incapable of having a politically controlling status apparatus and military. These changes, thus, indicate that there is a possibility of the domination of the party-government-military system of Suryong with Kim Jung-Il’s autocratic dominance rather than the Suryong system.

시간응답 설계규격을 만족하는 PI, PD, PID제어기 설계

김근식(Keunsik Kim),조태신(Taeshin Cho),김영철(YoungChol Kim) 제어로봇시스템학회 2003 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.4