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Polyamine-Functionalized Polydiacetylene (PDA) Vesicles for Colorimetric Sensing of Carbon Dioxide
김경우,이정민,권용민,최태영,Jaoon Young Hwan Kim,배승섭,송종암 한국고분자학회 2018 Macromolecular Research Vol.26 No.3
Ocean acidification resulting from anthropogenic CO2 has led to severe threats to marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Therefore, an effective CO2 sensing system is necessary for marine environment monitoring. In this study, polyaminefunctionalized polydiacetylene was synthesized via the conjugation of 10,12-tricosadiynoic acid (TRCDA) monomers with diethylenetriamine (DETA), and its capability for CO2 detection was demonstrated. The structure of TRCDA-DETA was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Then, the colorimetric and fluorogenic responses of TRCDA-DETA vesicles were examined by applying CO2. A specific color transition with a colorimetric response (CR%) of 34.39±1.46 was observed within 3 min of CO2 exposure as well as detecting fluorescent response upon CO2 detection coincidently. These results indicated that TRCDA-DETA vesicles can be an effective tool for CO2 detection, and their unique properties may have potential applications in multiple fields.
The Mental Health and Occupational Characteristic of Horse Stable Hand Workers in Korea
김경우,이상길,황규석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.3
The horse stable hand workers are one of the most important occupations in horse-racing industry. However, suicide problem of the horse stable hand workers in Korea has raised the necessity of new study on how these workers experience mental health problems such as occupational stress and depression in organizational situation. Therefore, this study investigated the occupational stress and depression level of the horse stable hand workers and identified the structural relationship in the horseracing industry through a detailed interview. A total of 207 horse stable hand workers participated in this study, and occupational stress and depression level were surveyed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) and Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). The results of this study showed that the occupational stress level of horse stable hand workers was higher than the median of Korean population. The significant difference in occupational stress among the detail job grade was also identified. In addition, 34% of the horse stable hand workers showed high risk of depression, and job demand, organizational system, and inappropriate compensation as the subfactors of occupational stress were showed to mainly affect depression. Although there are some limitations according to the field survey, this study also has significant meaning in that it identifies the relationship between the occupational characteristics of the horse stable hand workers and the mental health. It will be necessary to study the diverse organizational situation and individual mental health for new occupations.
어선원 복지공간 확보를 위한 어선 선진화 방안 추진 연구
김경우,이희준,Kim, Kyung-Woo,Lee, Hee-Joon 선박안전기술공단 2013 선박안전 Vol.34 No.-
본 연구는 주력업종별 연 근해 어선원의 복지환경에 대한 실태조사 및 국내 외기준의 비교 분석하고 어선원 노동협약 및 일본 어선의 대형화취급방침을 고려하여 어선원 복지 공간 확보할 수 있는 시설기준(안)을 제시하고 시설기준(안) 적용을 통한 총톤수 증가량을 분석하여 "어업허가 및 신고 등에 관한 규칙" 등의 연근해 어업의 종류별 어업허가 상한톤수 개정(안)을 마련하였으며, 개정(안) 적용시 불법 건조를 방지할 수 있는 방안을 검토하여 제시하고자 하였다.
김경우,임호찬,박재희,박상규,박예진,조흠학 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.2
Background: Organizations are pursing complex and diverse aims to generate higher profits. Many workers experience high work intensity such as workload and work pressure in this organizational environment. Especially, psychological burden is a commonly used term in workplace of Republic of Korea. This study focused on defining the psychological burden from the perspective of occupational safety and health and tried to develop a scale for psychological burden. Methods: The 48 preliminary questionnaire items for psychological burden were prepared by a focus group interview with 16 workers through the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II and Mindful Awareness Attention Scale. The preliminary items were surveyed with 572 workers, and exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted for a new scale. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, five factors were extracted: organizational activity, human error, safety and health workload, work attitude, and negative self-management. These factors had significant correlations and reliability, and the stability of the model for validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusion: The developed scale for psychological burden can measure workers’ psychological burden in relation to safety and health. Despite some limitations, this study has applicability in the workplace, given the relatively small-sized questionnaire.
가상 인플루언서의 등장과 그 규제에 대하여 -미국에서의 논의와 시사점을 중심으로-
김경우 경북대학교 IT와 법연구소 2022 IT와 법 연구 Vol.- No.24
This paper intends to examine the legal issues related to virtual influencers in terms of consumer protection. To this purpose, I will examine the concept and current status of virtual influencers in US, and provide implications and suggestions for virtual influencers In the case of influencer marketing, it is important to disclose whether you have material connections in order to avoid deceptive advertising. The question is whether such disclosure obligations can be extended to virtual influencers. The FTC's ‘Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsement and Testimonials in Advertising (Endorsement Guides)’ does not yet have regulations on virtual influencers. Although this guides is not binding, it provides a basis for advertisers and endorsers to voluntarily comply with the law. There is little discussion about how to regulate virtual influencers if they do not disclose their material connections when they receive economic benefits. Because existing norms assume that influencers are humans, it is important to know whether virtual influencers should be treated the same as humans, or whether only the creators who made virtual influencers can be held accountable. In addition, it is also very important whether to disclose in advance the identity of virtual influencers. Perhaps the most controversial issue with virtual influencers is to seek an answer to the question of “Are virtual influencers inherently deceptive?” Anyone should easily identify that virtual influencers are not real persons. If consumers know that it is a post created by virtual influencers and purchase it, and recognize that virtual influencers are posting it without honest opinions or real experiences, it will be easy to say that the post is not an unfair advertisement. However, even you catch the identity of the virtual influencer, it is difficult to immediately recognize that it does not have the ability to ensorse. The fact that virtual influencers do not have the ability to ensorse should also be disclosed.
SPS협정의 국제표준 관련 조문의 도입에 관하여- 정의와 추정규정을 중심으로 -
김경우 (사)한국국제경제법학회 2019 국제경제법연구 Vol.17 No.2
A Study on the International Standards related Clauses in the SPS Agreement- Focusing on the Definition and Presumption Clause - Kim, KyungwooResearch Professor, Research Center for Climate Change and International Law This paper examines how international standards are developed through the SPS negotiation process. In particular, I will take a look at how the definition and presumption clauses of international standard in the SPS Agreement are formed. The trend of international trade after the Kennedy Round shifted from conventional tariffs to non-tariff barriers. Among the non-tariff barriers, especially non-tariff barriers related to the standard were the main agenda of the Tokyo Round. However, discussions on non-tariff barriers related to the standard were discussed in conjunction with preparation of the Standards Code for the Tokyo Round. After the release of the final draft of the Draft Code in June 1973, discussions on whether this draft could be applied to the agricultural sector began. In the Tokyo Round, the discussions on applying the Draft Code to agriculture continued. Standards on agricultural products were often mandatory and developing countries asked for differentiated treatment for them. However, with regard to international standards, the term looked unclear and it was questioned whether international standards in the field of quarantine systems would be practically possible. In the early days of the Uruguay Round negotiations, it was suggested that, in relation to international standards, domestic regulations in accordance with international standards would be deemed to comply with GATT Article 20 (b). In addition, domestic regulations that fully complied with international standards had a strong presumption that they were consistent with Article 20 (b) of the GATT. However, in practice, opinions that the Standards Code was not effective for measures affecting trade were stronger. The SPS measures should be harmonized on the basis of the appropriate standards developed by the relevant international organizations. Regarding the three institutions such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), Office International des Epizooties (OIE), International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), the United States, the Cairns group and Nordic countries were fully aware of their roles. Especially Nordic countries proposed that the best way to make SPS measures should be in the form of SPS Code. The definition and presumption requirements of the SPS Agreement can be said to have characteristics that move in sets with each other. The fact that the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), Office International des Epizooties (OIE), International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) appear in the definition and the standards made by these organizations are assumed to conform to the relevant provisions of GATT is closely related to the fact that the SPS Agreement emerged on the basis of Article 20(b) of GATT and the discussion of the applicability of the Draft Standards Code. SPS협정의 국제표준 관련 조문의 도입에 관하여- 정의와 추정규정을 중심으로 - 김 경 우연세대학교 SSK 기후변화와 국제법연구센터 연구교수 본논문은 SPS협정 협상과정을 통하여 국제표준 관련 조문이 어떻게 발전되었는지 살펴본다. 특히, SPS협정에서의 국제표준 정의와 추정 관련 규정이 어떻게 형성되었는지에 고찰한다. 케네디라운드 이후의 국제무역의 기조는 기존의 관세에서 비관세장벽에 대한 논의로 옮겨가게 된다. 비관세장벽 중에서도 특히 표준(standard)과 관련된 비관세장벽은 향후 도쿄라운드의 주요 의제가 된다. 그러나 표준과 관련된 비관세장벽에 대한 논의는 실제적으로는 케네디라운드가 끝나고 도쿄라운드가 시작되기 직전까지, 도쿄라운드의 Standards Code의 준비작업을 겸하여 논의가 이루어졌다. 1973년 6월에 Draft Code의 최종초안이 나오고 나서 이 초안을 농업부문에 적용가능할지에 대한 논의도 시작되었다. 도쿄라운드에 들어가서도 Draft Code를 농업에 적용시키는 것에 대한 논의는 계속되었다. 농업상품에 관한 표준은 대체로 의무적(mandatory)인 경우가 많으며, 개발도상국의 입장에서는 아주 중요한 문제기 때문에 개발도상국을 위한 차별화된 대우를 요구하였다. 그러나 국제표준과 관련해서, 용어가 불분명하고 검역시스템 분야에서 국제표준화가 실질적으로 가능할 것인지에 대해서는 의문이 제기되었다. 우루과이라운드 협상의 초기에는 국제표준 관련해서, 국제표준을 완전히 준수하는 국내규정은 GATT 제20(b)조에 부합하는 것으로 간주하자는 의견이 제시되었다. 또한 국제표준을 완전히 준수하는 국내규정은 GATT 제20(b)조에 부합하는 것이 강하게 추정된다(strong presumption)는 완화된 주장이 등장하였다. 그러나 실제적으로는 무역에 영향을 미치는 조치에 대하여 Standards Code가 효과적이지 않다는 의견이 제시되기 시작하였다. SPS 조치는 관련국제기관이 만든 적절한 표준을 기초로 하여 조화시키 나가야 하는데, 국제식품규격위원회(CAC), 국제수역사무국(OIE), 국제식물보호협약(IPPC)의 3개의 기관에 대하여, 미국, 케언스그룹, 북유럽국가들도 그 역할에 대하여 충분히 인지하고 있었다. 특히 북유럽국가들은 SPS 조치에 대하여 Code 형식으로 만드는 것이 가장 좋은 방법이라고 보았다. SPS협정의 정의규정과 추정규정은 서로 세트로 움직이는 특징을 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다. 국제식품규격위원회(CAC), 국제수역사무국(OIE), 국제식물보호협약(IPPC)이 정의규정에 등장하고, 이러한 기관들이 만드는 표준 등이 GATT의 관련 규정에 합치하는 것으로 추정되는 효과를 가지는 것은 SPS협정이 GATT 제20(b)조를 기초로 하여 등장한 점 그리고 Draft Standards Code의 적용가능성에 대한 논의와 밀접한 관련이 있다.