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국성하 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2023 民族文化硏究 Vol.99 No.-
The Korean branch of the U. S. Information Service(USIS/Seoul) has worked in numerous areas, including movies, publishing, broadcasting and exhibitions, to spread the U. S. government’s political and cultural ideas to Koreans. Since the mid-1950s, exhibitions have been held to introduce American culture and science. After 1960s, USIS/Seoul set up 「Country Plan for Korea」 and made many exhibitions such as subject of science, economic, anti-communist. The exhibition of USIS/Seoul was translated into Korean and introduced by the Korean branch itself. Among the exhibitions of the USIS/Seoul, there was an exhibition that focused on that period. [Atoms-for-Peace] exhibition, [anti-communist] exhibition are those exhibition. There was also an exhibition considering the political situation. There were exhibitions of [Great Ideas of Mankind] during the April 19 Revolution and election exhibitions that took place before and after the election of President John F. Kennedy. Several exhibitions related to space science were also held in connection with the competition for space development with the Soviet Union. These exhibitions include the [Pioneer V Satellite] Exhibition. USIS/Seoul thought the Korean government and Koreans were positive about U. S. policies and activities. Nevertheless, USIS/Seoul continued their exhibition activities out of the need for psychological influence to continue to support the United States by Koreans. USIS/Seoul conducted an evaluation of the exhibition after the exhibition. Not only quantitative factors such as the number of Koreans who watched the exhibition, but also the direct evaluation of Koreans and expression in newspaper articles were checked. The exhibition by USIS/Seoul served as a tool for Koreans to think positively of American culture, politics, and science. 미국공보원 한국지부는 미국의 정치사상, 문화를 한국인들에게 전파하기 위해 영화, 출판, 방송, 전시 등의 영역에서 노력했다. 전시는 주로 서울 미국공보원 문화관과 부산 등의 미국공보원을 이용하였다. 1950년대 중반부터는 공간을 대여하는 전시뿐만 아니라, 미국의 문화 등을 소개하는 전시를 열었다. 1960년대에는 한국에서의 공보 계획을 세우고 이를 실천하였다. 이 과정에서 반공, 경제, 과학 등의 다양한 주제의 전시를 진행했다. 미국공보원 서울지부의 전시는 자국의 공보원에서 제작한 전시를 한국어로 번역하여 소개하기도 했고, 서울지부에서 직접 기획, 제작한 전시도 있었다. 미국공보원의 전시는 1960년대부터 보다 활발해졌는데, 대표적인 전시로는 1960년 [평화를 위한 원자력], 1961년 [베를린 : 소련이 만들어 낸 위기], [반공전시회] 등이 있었다. 정치적 상황을 고려한 전시도 있었다. 1960년 4⋅19혁명 이후 개최했던 [인류의 위대한 사상들] 전시, 1960년 미국 대통령 선거를 전후해서 진행되었던 [선거] 전시, 1963년 베트남에서의 상황을 다룬 [베트남에서의 게릴라 전쟁] 전시 등이 이에 해당한다. 소련과의 우주개발 경쟁과 연관해서 우주과학과 관련된 전시도 개최되었는데, 1960년 [파이오니아 인공위성] 전시 등이 있다. 미국 공보원은 한국인들에게 미국을 계속적으로 지지해 줄 심리적 영향의 필요에서 전시활동을 계속해 나갔다. 미국 공보원은 각 전시를 진행한 이후 해당 전시에 대한 평가를 진행하고 전시에 참가한 양적인 요인뿐만 아니라, 한국인들의 직접적인 평가 등을 점검했다. 미국 공보원의 전시는 냉전이라는 체제 아래서 한국인이 미국의 문화, 정치, 과학 등을 긍정적으로 여기게 하는 도구로 기능했다.
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국성하 한국교육사학회 2003 한국교육사학 Vol.25 No.1
The intention of this dissertation is to study the educational significance of museums during the US military administration. Hereby, the following issues are in question. First, how was the procedure of reopening museum. Second, how did the museums have changed. Third, what was the educational significance of museum during this period. Outcome of research comes into the following conclusion. After the Independence, three years of the US military administration was the essential period for Korean to reestablish the identity of museums totally different from that of Japanese colonization. Under the US military administration Japanese was handing over museums to Korean smoothly. These actions allowed museums to have plenty of exhibitions - the key components to museum. At the same time, it means Japanese collection and its category have been affected to these days. During the US military adminstration, Korean museums has changed into the part of the national museum system. Newly founded museums were for injecting fresh vigor to Korean museums. Through management of museums under the national museum system, museums were to enhance its value and stature, not the museums of Chosum Governor General but Korean. In US military administration period, various activities were resumed and unfolded, contrast to the latter period of Japanese colonization. Excavation, research and education restarted as well as the reopening of the museums. These activities gave Korean intellectual chances to hand over the cultural contexts, which accumulated by leading role of Japanese intellectual. Thus, museums during the US military administration have following educational significances. First, in spite of new ownership from Japanese to Korean, the exhibitions in museums remains, the same contents and way which Japanese had collected and displayed with their own intention. Moreover, as Japanese neglected the raising of Korean museum experts on purpose, though Independence, Japanese had to help museum to collect and arrange the relics for a while. These caused a lesser attention to visitors. Second, although superficially museums was changed into the new museum system, in the reality, the organizational changes and the establishment of several new museums were the all what had happened. Most museums were extended from Japanese colonization to US military administration. These caused the negative influence : continuing the course and custom set by the Japanese colonial period. Third, nevertheless, "dynamic" could be felt outer and inner part of museums during US military administration. The establishments of new museums, the arrangement of scientific activities and the excavation of relics shows that museums did centripetal role for various activities. These could be expressed "dynamic", and are related to Korean museum development to these days.
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