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비점오염원 제어용 인공습지의 수질정화 효과 및 상관관계 분석
구원석 ( Koo Won Seok ),윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),함종화 ( Ham Jong Hwa ),김형철 ( Kim Hyung Chill ) 한국농공학회 2004 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2004 No.-
1. 습지 식생은 자연도래를 유도하여 세 번의 생장기를 거친 2004년도에 80~90%의 식생피도를 나타내었으며, 타 지역에서도 인공습지를 조성할 경우 주변에 습지식물에 자생하면, 수위조절에 의한 적정 물관리를 통해서 습지식생이 자연도래에 의해 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 2. 생장기(3월~11월)와, 동절기(12월~2월)로 나누어 수질정화 효과를 분석한 결과 BOD<sub>5</sub>, TSS, T-N, T-P의 처리효율은 생장기의 경우 24.6%, 64.1%, 55.4%, 49.0%를 나타내었고, 동절기에는 -21%, 22.7%, 32.5%, 53.7%를 나타내었다. 3. 수온과 식생피도를 고려하여 각 항목별로 상관관계를 분석한 결과 BOD<sub>5</sub>, T-N유출수 농도가 TSS, T-P유출수 농도에 비해 더 높은 상관성을 나타내어, 기온 및 식생피도에 따른 계절적인 영향을 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, T-N유출수 농도는 수온이외에 식생피도와도 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. 4. 각 습지별로 단위면적당 수리부하율은 적용한 유입유량의 변동폭이 크지 않아, 수질항목에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 습지수위조절을 통한 체류시간상승 및 겨울철 식생을 제거하지 않는 것이 동절기 습지의 처리효율을 높이는데 더 유리하다고 판단된다. 5. 본 연구에서는 동절기를 포함하여 인공습지의 영양물질 제거율이 짧은 2~5일 정도의 체류기간만으로도 40~50% 정도로 나타내었으며, 향후 하구담수호 수질개선을 위하여 호유입부에 인공습지에 의한 오염된 유입하천수 수질정화에 대한 장기적인 처리효율 검토를 위하여 지속적인 관심과 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from polluted stream waters using wetland system was performed from June 2002 to September 2004, including winter performance using four constructed wetlands. Inflow and hydraulic residence time of the system was 500m<sup>3</sup> ~ 1500m<sup>3</sup>/ day and 2~5days respectively. After 3 years operation plant-coverage was about 80 ~ 90 % from zero at initial stage even with no plantation.. Because of low influent concentration of BOD<sub>5</sub>, organic matter in sediment, and algae the removal rate of BOD<sub>5</sub> was lower than other parameter. The average removal rate of BOD<sub>5</sub>, TSS, T-N and T-P during growing season was 25%, 64%, 55%, 49%, and during winter was -21%, 23%, 33%, 54% respectively. The reason of higher BOD<sub>5</sub> effluent concentration in winter season might be that low temperature restrained microorganism activity and a organic body from the withered plant and algae was flown out. And this study water quality parameters are analyzed corelation analysis. As the results, BOD<sub>5</sub>, T-N effluent concentration were more effected by water temperature, plant coverage than T-P, TSS effluent concentration. Except the result of BOD<sub>5</sub>, the effectiveness of water quality improvement in winter season was satisfactory for treating polluted stream waters.
전기전도도 및 토연모델을 이용한 CSOs 유량 및 수질 추정
최원석(Won Suk Choi),정철권(Chul Kwon Chung),남정윤(Jung Yoon Nam),구원석(Won Seok Koo),정광수(Kwang Su Jung) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.3
본 연구에서는 기존 CSOs (Combined Sewer Overflows) 모니터링에 비해 비용효과적이며 유지관리가 용이한 모니터링시스템 구축의 적용성 검토를 위해 10.2 ha 규모의 배수면적이 포함된 우수토실에서 2회의 강우이벤트에 대해 전기전도도 데이터 및 토연모델을 이용하여 CSOs 유량 및 수질을 예측하였다. 강우이벤트별 전기전도도 희석률에 의한 유량예측결과 실측값과의 결정계수(R2)는 모두 0.86 이상으로 나타났으며, 다양한 강우이벤트에 적용이 가능한 예측식 산정을 위해 선행건기일수 및 강우지속기간 2가지를 추가 매개변수로 고려하여 회귀식을 보정한 후 적용한 결과 전기전도도 희석률만을 고려한 결과에 비해 R2는 0.50에서 0.80, 오차범위 40% 이내에 포함된 상대오차 누적빈도는 54.1%에서 68.5%로 예측값의 정확도가 개선되었다. CSOs 수질은 별도의 입력자료 없이 매개변수의 보정만으로 예측값 산정이 가능한 토연모델을 적용한 결과 강우이벤트별 실측값과의 R2는 BOD 0.64~0.97, SS 0.70~0.95의 범위를 나타내었다. In this study, monitoring method which is more economic and easier in maintenance comparing to existing monitoring system was scrutinized for application to sewer intercepting chamber of 10.2 ha basin area by estimating CSOs (Combined Sewer Overflows) quantity and quality with 2 rainfall events using electrical conductivity data and civil research model. The result showed that determination coefficient of flow estimation by EC (Electrical Conductivity) dilution ratio and observed data was over0.86 for all cases and the accuracy of estimation was improved from 0.5 to 0.8 for determination coefficient (R2) and from 54.1%to 68.5% for accumulation frequency of relative error by considering antecedent dry days and rainfall duration. CSOs water quality estimation results by civil research model showed that determination coefficients were 0.64~0.97 for BOD and 0.70~0.95 for SS.
함종화,윤춘경,구원석,김형철,신현범,Ham Jong-Hwa,Yoon Chun G.,Koo Won-Seok,Kim Hyung-Chul,Shin Hyum-Bhum 한국농공학회 2005 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.47 No.5
The field scale experiment was performed to examine the effect of physical design parameters on the constructed wetland performance and recommend the feasible design of constructed wetland in Korean polder areas. Four sets (each set of 0.85 ha) of wetland (0.8 ha) and pond (0.08 ha) systems were used. Two different wetland systems, a wetland-pond system and a pond-wetland system, were studied to examine the effect of wetland and pond configuration. And two different length-to-width ratios were used, 2: 1 and 0.8: 1, to examine the effect of aspect ratio. A pond-wetland system was more preferable than a wetland-pond system, and also requires a smaller area than a wetland-pond system or a wetland system to reduce T-P. There was no difference in effluent concentration between the 2:1 system and the 0.8:1 system. Although the linear velocity of the 2:1 aspect was higher than the 0.8:1 aspect, resuspension was not a factor in this study due to a very low linear velocity. From this study and other literature review, it was found that design method of paddy rice field could be applied and expanded to the design of constructed wetland in Korea. Further investigation for the detailed design parameters of constructed wetland needs be continued for design method of paddy rice to be applied in full scale.
인공습지를 이용한 하구담수호 유입하천수 수질개선 현장실험결과 분석
함종화,윤춘경,구원석,김형철,신현범,Ham, Jong-Hwa,Yoon, Chun-G.,Koo, Won-Seok,Kim, Hyung-Chul,Shin, Hyun-Bhum 한국농공학회 2004 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.46 No.5
Wetland system is widely accepted as one of natural water purification systems around the world for nonpoint sources pollution control. Constructed wetlands have become a popular technology for treating contaminated surface and waste water. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from polluted stream waters using wetland system was performed from June 2002 to March 2004. Four wetlands were used and the size of each one was 0.8ha. Water of Dangjin stream flowing into Seokmun estuarine reservoir was pumped into wetlands. Inflow and hydraulic residence time of the system was 500 $m^3$/day∼1,500 $m^3$/day, 2∼5 days, respectively. After 2 year operation, plant-coverage of the wetlauds was about 70% from bare soil surface at initial stage . Average water quality of the influent was $BOD_5$ 4.17 mg/L, TSS 18.45 mg/L, T-N 4.32 mg/L, and T-P 0.30 mg/L. The average removal rate of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N and T-P during the study period was 5.6%, 46.6%, 45.7%, and 54.8%, respectively. Organic ($BOD_5$) removal rate was low and the reason might be low influent concentration. Wetland removal rate of T-P was about 10% higher than T-N. Performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB), and it was within the range of general system performance. Overall, the wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted water stream with stable removal efficiency even during the winter period. Most of the nonpoint source pollutions from watershed are transported by streams or ditches, and they could be controled by constructed wetland system before entering the lake or reservoir.
비점오염제어를 위한 인공습지 및 유수지의 처리효율 분석
김형철 ( Kim Hyung-chul ),윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun-gyeong ),함종화 ( Ham Jong-hwa ),구원석 ( Koo Won-seok ),신현범 ( Shin Hyun-bhum ) 한국농공학회 2004 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2004 No.-
본 연구는 습지를 유수지와 연계적용하였을 경우 습지와 유수지의 배치별 처리효율을 알아보기 위한 연구로 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. BOD<sub>5</sub>의 경우 미생물의 활동이 적은 동절기의 경우 수질농도는 더 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 유수지를 거치면서 농도가 높아지는 경향을 보여주고 있으나 전체 유출수의 평균농도는 3~4mg/L의 범위로 일반적인 인공습지의 배경농도 수준이며, 이 농도는 담수호의 수질에 큰 문제가 되지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 2. TSS는 전체적으로 51~70%의 높은 처리율을 보여주고 있으며 습지-유수지 시스템에서는 유수지를 거치면서 농도는 -20%정도 높아지는 결과를 나타내었다. 유수지-습지 시스템이 장기간 사용시 습지의 수명과 처리효과 또한 더 큰 것으로 판단된다. 3. T-N의 경우 50%이상의 처리율을 보이고 있으나 유수지는 전체 처리율에 크게 기여하지 못한 것으로 나타났으며, T-P의 처리율은 초기 유입수가 유수지를 거치면서 23~29%의 처리율을 나타내고 전체 처리율은 60%이상으로 높게 나타났으나 습지를 거쳐 유수지로 유입되는 시스템에서는 유수지에 의한 추가처리가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Wetland systems are widely accepted natural water purification systems around the world in nonpoint sources pollution control. Constructed wetlands have become a popular technology for treating contaminated surface and wastewater. The field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from polluted stream water using wetland systems were performed from June 2002 to August 2004. Four sets of wetland and pond systems were used and the size of each one was 0.88ha(0.8ha wetland and 0,08ha pond). Average water quality of the influent was BOD<sub>5</sub> 3.8mg/L, TSS 25.5mg/L, T-N 4.0mg/Ly and T-P 0.36mg/L. The average removal rate of BOD<sub>5</sub>, TSS, T-N and T-P during the study period was 0.8%, 64.0%, 52.4% and 59.3%, respectively. BOD<sub>5</sub> removal rate was low and reason might be low influent concentration. The experiments have been performed dividing pond_wetland and wetland_pond. Among them, Pond_wetlands system is more effective than wetland_pond system to remove nutrient and extent a length of wetland’s life. Overall, the Pond_wetland system was found to be satisfactory for NPS control such as improvement of polluted stream water.