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서사극 이론에 관한 소고 : 非아리스토텔레스적 측면에서 In view of non-Aristotelian drama
곽기완 韓國比較文學會 1985 比較文學 Vol.9 No.-
"The stage began to tell a story." Brecht who established the theory of Epic Theatre proclaimed as above. This clearly means the great innovation in the views of traditional western drama. The lyric, epic and dramatic ways of narrating a story are held, following Aristotle's Poetics, to be basically distinct. One may claim that the opposition of epic and dramatic lost its rigidity after having long been held to be irreconcilable. Non-Aristotelian epic theatre is destined to become the theatre of the modern age, whose social structure has been changed multi-dimensionally according to the historical development. Dramatic criticism, through a reliance on Aristotelian, classical assumptions about the nature of dramatic structure and the function of drama since Attic drama, seems to be too closed to deal with the issues of scientific age. According to the changes and development of the world and society, modern drama is in crisis because that it couldn't follow 'the changes in the respect of themes'. Modern dramatists try to overcome the problem. The theory of Brechtian epic theatre can be said as the success of these trials. Since Brecht's theory originated in the revolt against the existing stage, he labelled it non-Aristotelian. However, he was close to aristotle than he thought. Following Aristotelian dramatic theory, he only strives to produce by all means effects which will keep the audience separate, alienated from the action. With the aim of enforcing intelligent judgement upon issues of major social and ethical importance, he aims at the theatre for learning. "The nature of drama is to delineate the inherited or imagined affairs between men, particularly for pleasure." "Theatre remains theatre even when it is instructive theatre, and in so far as it is good theatre it will amuse," said Brecht. It can be highly estimated that the epic theatre has exerted a beneficent influence on the modern drama in a way that Aristotelian Poetics had devoted to the western literature as the literary norm. Brechtian theatre is significant in broadening the scope of our theatre concepts and practice. In this sense, Brecht is equal to Aristotle. It has thus been possible to conclude that epic theatre revolutionizes manifestations of the potential power of the theatre in the modern world.