Microbiological Characteristics of Throat Cultures from School Children in Jinju, 2006

고은하,김선주 대한임상미생물학회 2008 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.11 No.1

배경: A군 연쇄구균(group A streptococci, GAS)는 소아에서 인두염의 중요 원인균이다. 진주 지역의 건강한 초등학생으로 부터 인두배양을 시행하여 세균학적 특성을 살펴보고, 과거의 결과와 비교하였다. 방법: 2006년 진주시내 3곳의 초등학교에서1,402명의 학생들을 대상으로 인두배양을 실시하였다. 베타용혈 연쇄구균은 bacitracin 디스크와 라텍스 응집법(Seroiden Strepto Kit, Eiken, Tokyo, Japan)으로 동정하였다. 결과: 베타용혈성 연쇄구균은 216명(15.4%)에서 양성이었고, GAS는 149명(10.6%)에서 양성이었다. GAS 양성률은 2004년의 16.0%와 2002년의 16.9%에 비해서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 베타용혈성 연쇄구균 중 A군이 차지하는 비율은 69.0%로서, 역시 2004년의 84.9%, 2002년의 83.8%에 비해서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 모든 1학년 학생들에서 베타 용혈성 연쇄구균과 GAS는 음성이었다. 남학생(10.4%)과 여학생(10.9%)의 GAS 분리율은 비슷하였다. 결론: 2006년에 시행한 인두배양에서 베타용혈성 연쇄구균이나 GAS 양성률은 과거에 비해서 유의하게 낮아졌다. 흔한 연쇄구균 혈청형에 대한 자연 면역이나 개인 위생 증진에 따른 결과인 것으로 추측할 수 있다.

A Study on Influencing Factors on Users’ Intention to Accept Open Banking: Moderating Effect of Financial Literacy

고은하 한국무역학회 2023 Journal of Korea trade Vol.27 No.6

Purpose – This study aims to explore the factors affecting users’ intentions regarding open banking. It extends the Unified theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by integrating perceived risk, initial trust, and financial literacy into the conceptual models. Since the government allowed open API access to the accounts of fintech firms and commercial banks, open banking has expanded rapidly in Korea from 2019. Understanding the factors influencing users’ intention to use this new system is important, given that open baking is still in the development stage. Design/methodology – Conceptual models were adopted from relevant literature and a string of hypotheses were developed. This study analyzed a data set of 439 Korean survey respondents and applied the initial trust model and the united theory of acceptance and use of technology(UTAUT) model. Findings – The results of the study show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and initial trust are the three major factors stimulating the use of open banking, whereas risks negatively affect its adoption. Financial literacy played a moderating role between these factors and the intention to use open banking. There was a difference in the impact of social influence on open banking users due to the degree of financial understanding. In addition, the moderating effect was verified according to the age group, the frequency of open banking use, and the number of accounts owned to check whether there are differences according to the characteristics of each group. Originality/value – This study is significant because it uses the level of financial knowledge as a moderating variable in users’ adoption of open banks, and is the first to investigate whether differences in users’ levels of financial knowledge affect their intention to use financial innovation.

2004년 진주 지역 초등학생 인두배양의 베타 용혈성 연쇄구균의 분포

고은하,김선주 대한임상미생물학회 2005 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.8 No.1

Background: The carrier study of group A streptococci (GAS), the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis, is important to understand the epidemiology of GAS in the region. The authors performed throat cultures from the children of four elementary schools in Jinju area to investigate current microbiological characteristics in this area. Methods: Throat cultures were taken from 2,351 healthy elementary school children (male 1,311 and female 1,040) from October through December, 2004. Two schools are located in rural areas, while the other two schools are in Jinju city. Beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) were identified with bacitracin disk (0.04 U) and latex agglutination test (Seroiden Strepto Kit, Eiken). Results: Four-hundred forty-three (18.8%) yielded BHS from 2,351 school children. Serogrouping revealed 84.9% of group A, 5.9% of group C, 4.7% of group B, 3.6% of group G, and 0.9% of nongroup A, B, C, G in a decreasing order. Isolation rate of GAS was similar between girls and boys. Children of elementary schools in rural areas showed significantly higher isolation rates (18.6-21.7%) compared to those (12.5-12.7%) in urban areas. Conclusion: The isolation rate of BHS was 18.8% in Jinju area, 2004. Group A was 84.9% and group C was next common. Although the isolation rate of GAS was similar by age or sex, it showed a significant difference by the location of the schools.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis를 이용한 중환자실 Serratia marcescens 집단요로감염의 역학적 조사

고은하,김선주,배인규 대한임상미생물학회 2005 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.8 No.1

Background: Serratia marcescens is a well-known cause of nosocomial infections. We investigated an outbreak of S. marcescensinfections in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) and identified the source of the outbreak using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Methods: A total of 39 isolates of S. marcescenswere included in this study: 28 isolates from the patients in the SICU and epidemiologically-unrelated 11 isolates from the patients in the general wards from May through August, 2003 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Twenty-six of the 28 isolates in the SICU were from the urine collected from indwelling urinary catheters. Fifty-six environmental samples, such as the hands of healthcare workers and urinals were cultured to identify the source of infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests by Vitek GNS card (bioMerieux) and PFGE were performed to identify the clonality of the isolates. Results: Twenty of the 28 S. marcescens isolated from the patients in the SICU showed the identical PFGE fingerprint pattern and two isolates had a closely-related pattern with the outbreak strain. The isolates from urine in the SICU were resistant to almost all the antibiotics tested except imipenem and cotrimoxazole. Nine of the 11 isolates from the general wards had PFGE patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility results different from those of the outbreak clone. Five samples from used-urinals and one from disinfected-urinal of 56 environmental samples grew S. marcescensthat were resistant to the all antibiotics tested except imipenem and cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: The outbreak of urinary tract infections in SICU was due to a clonal spread of a single strain of S. marcescens that was multiple resistant to antibiotics except imipenem and cotrimoxazole. The source of outbreak appeared to be inadequately disinfected urinals.

문화연구와 스포츠

고은하 한국스포츠사회학회 2010 한국스포츠사회학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

2004년 진주지역에서 분리된 Streptococcus pyogenes의 Erythromycin 내성률 감소

고은하,맹국영,김선주,정현주,이남용 대한임상미생물학회 2006 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.9 No.1

Background: The erythromycin (EM) resistance rates and emm genotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes could vary by geographical location and study period. The purpose of this study, involving a large number of children, was to determine EM resistance rate and its resistance mechanism of S. pyogenes, and to compare these results with those of previous studies performed at the same area. Methods: Throat cultures were taken from 2,351 healthy children of four elementary schools from October through December, 2004 in Jinju. A total of 328 strains of S. pyogenes were isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the agar dilution method against six antimicrobial agents. The phenotypes of EM resistance were evaluated by the double-disk diffusion test and the frequency of ermB and mefA genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Resistance rates of S. pyogenes to EM, clindamycin and tetracycline were 9.8%, 8.8% and 18.3%, respectively. Almost all isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin, levofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Constitutive resistance (CR) was observed in 87.5%, M phenotype in 9.4%, and inducible resistance only in 3.1%. The ermB and mefA genes were present in 90.6% and 9.4% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusion: The resistance rate to EM of S. pyogenes was 9.8% in 2004, which was a large drop from the 51% shown in 2002. CR with the ermB gene was predominant, suggesting that most of the EM resistant isolates have a high level of resistance.

초등학생에서 세균성 인두염 신속항원검사 SD Bioline Strep A의 평가

고은하,김선주 대한임상미생물학회 2007 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.10 No.1

Background: Rapid antigen tests (RAT) of group A streptococci (GAS) are easy to perform and can save two days of bacterial culture time. Performance of SD Bioline Strep A was analyzed in comparison with throat culture. Methods: Three consecutive throat swabs were taken from 308 healthy elementary schoolchildren. The first two swabs were tested for SD Bioline Strep A and Quidel Quick Vue Dipstick Strep A rapid antigen tests, and the third one was inoculated onto blood agar plate to grow GAS. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SD Bioline Strep A were 79.3%, 88.9%, 72.2%, and 92.2% respectively. Those of Quidel Quick Vue Strep A were 58.5%, 93.8%, 77.4%, and 86.2% respectively. Conclusion: SD Bioline Strep A showed a significantly higher sensitivity and a slightly lower specificity compared to Quidel Quick Vue Strep A. SD Bioline Strep A RAT should be useful for the rapid diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis and the optimum use of antibiotics.

Survey of Antimicrobial Resistance of Pharyngeal α-Hemolytic Streptococci among School Children

고은하,김선주 대한임상미생물학회 2008 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.11 No.1

α-hemolytic streptococci (AHS) are common normal oropharyngeal flora that can transfer antibiotic-resistance genes to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Reports on antibiotic resistance in AHS from throats are rare in Korea. A total of 333 healthy school children were subjected to recovery of AHS from the throat, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were screened with the disk diffusion method. The rate of resistance to erythromycin was 22.2%, to clindamycin 12.0%, and to cefotaxime 3.0%. Whereas the resistance rate of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin exceeds 70% in Korea, pharyngeal AHS showed low resistance rates.

2006년 진주지역 초등학생에서 분리된 Streptococcus pyogenes의 T 항원형과 emm 유전자형 및 항생제 내성

고은하,김인숙,김선주 대한임상미생물학회 2009 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.12 No.1

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis. T antigens and emm genotypes are essential markers for an epidemiological study of S. pyogenes. Macrolide resistance of S. pyogenes is a serious obstracle to successfully treating a sore throat. Methods: One-hundred forty-seven strains of S. pyogenes isolated from healthy school children in 2006 were subjected to T typing and emm genotyping. A disk diffusion method was applied for several antibiotics. A double disk diffusion test was performed to evaluate the phenotype distribution of macrolide resistance. Results: Among T antigens and emm genotypes, T11 (19.7%) and emm78 (16.7%), respectively, were the most common in 2006. Both T5/27/44 (2.3%) and emm44/61 (9.1%) declined to a great extent from about 29% in 2004. The rate of resistance to antibiotics were 11.6% to erythromycin, 4.8% to clindamycin, 21.8% to tetracycline, and 7.5% to ofloxacin. M and cMLSB phenotypes were 52.9% and 41.2% respectively. Conclusion: T typing and emm genotyping proved a dynamic change in their distribution in 2006 compared to the results of 2004. Erythromycin and clindamycin resistance remained low as in 2004, whereas ofloxacin resistance increased slightly. M and cMLSB phenotypes were equivalent in 2006, whereas cMLSB was predominant in 2004.

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Pregnant Women

고은하,김인숙,맹국영,이순애,김선주 대한임상미생물학회 2009 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.12 No.4

Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth and premature membrane rupture. The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates and antimicrobial susceptibilities of genital mycoplasma in a sample of pregnant women from Jinju, Korea. Methods: Vaginal swabs were obtained from 258 pregnant women between 2004 and 2008 and tested for the presence of U. urealyticum and M. hominis at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibilities of U. urealyticum and M. hominis were determined with a commercially available kit, the Mycoplasma IST2 Kit (bioMé- rieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France), and evaluated according to standards set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: U. urealyticum only was detected in 105 specimens (38.6%), while M. hominis only was detected only in 2 specimens (1.8%). Seven specimens (6.7%) were positive both for U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Susceptibilities of U. urealyticum to azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and doxycycline were 75.2%, 82.9%, 88.6%, and 88.6%, respectively, while almost all of the isolates were susceptible to josamycin (99.0%) and pristinamycin (100%). The susceptibility of U. urealyticum to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was 56.2% and 15.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The rate of isolation of genital mycoplasma in pregnant women was 44.2% in Jinju; most of the mycoplasma were U. urealyticum. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were highly resistant to quinolones, but susceptible to josamycin. Therefore, empirical treatment without prior identification and determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of genital mycoplasma will fail in many cases.