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일반 독거노인과 저소득 독거노인간의 주관적 건강에 미치는 영향요인 차이
고영미(Young-Mi Ko),조영태(Youngtae Cho) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2013 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.30 No.2
Objectives: As the size of elderly population living alone grows, socioeconomic diversity has also increased. This study examined if social risk factors of poor self-rated health were distinguishable between the low income elderly and their non-low income counterparts both living alone. Methods: The ‘2006 Elderly Health Interview Survey’ conducted by D-gu in Seoul was utilized. We divided the elderly living alone into two groups depending on their economic status: low income and non-low income. Employing logistic regression, we analyzed the associations of poor self-rated health with socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, social support, the relations with children, social activities, welfare service use, and the perception of neighborhood safety. Results: Proportion of rating one’s own health being poor was different between two populations. Social support was important for the self-rated health of the non-low income elderly, while welfare service use, the perception of neighborhood safety, and the relations with children were noticeable for the low income elderly. Conclusions: To better understand the health need of elderly population living alone, their heterogeneity in socioeconomic characteristics should be taken into account.
인터넷 사용목적에 따른 인터넷 과다 사용 청소년들의 일반적 특성과 건강수준 및 건강행태의 차이
고영미(Young-Mi Ko),임민경(Min Kyoung Lim) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2015 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.32 No.5
Objectives: This study aimed to identify general characteristics of health status and health behavior of adolescents in accordance with their purposes with internet. Methods: Based on Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey (KYRBS) in 2014, a total of 57,333 adolescents who had used internet were examined in this study. Results: Users for non-academic purposes were associated with male, low grades, low education level of parents, low income level, being apart from parents, being without any consulting partners, being with one parent families, low perceived health status, the experience suicidal ideation and negative health behavior such as alcohol and tobacco. In particular, these trends were appeared strongly by internet users for the purpose of the non-academic purposes. Male among high grades is shown to be mostly Academic internet users and they were more likely to have problems with some health behaviors such as exercise frequency and smoking. Conclusions: Target population should be internet users for only non-academic purposes to prevent internet addiction of adolescents. Internet addiction prevention program should be provided in terms of mental health and problematic behavior. Additionally, health behavior of internet over user for only academic purposes should be concerned.
우유와 즉석섭취 메추리알에서 병원성 미생물의 생육에 미치는 지방과 저장온도의 영향
고영미 ( Young Mi Ko ),홍수현 ( Soo Hyeon Hong ),박근철 ( Guen Cheol Park ),나유진 ( Yu Jin Na ),문진산 ( Jin San Moon ),윤기선 ( Ki Sun Yoon ) 한국식품조리과학회 2014 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.30 No.5
According to the microbiological standard, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and Listeria monocytogenes should not be detected in milk and egg products in Korea. Refrigerated food such as milk must be kept under 10°C at retail markets. However, temperature abuse of refrigerated foods at such markets is often observed. We compared the growth and survival kinetics of S. aureusand C. perfringens at 10 and 15°C, and the growth kinetics of L. monocytogenes at 4 and 10°C in whole and skim milk and ready-to-eat (RTE) quail eggs to evaluate their growth possibilities at retail markets. Regardless of storage temperature, the level of S. aureus reached the maximum level (108-109 CFU/ml) in whole milk, non-fat milk and RTE quail eggs within the expiration date. Even low contamination levels of S. aureus (10 CFU/mL) grew rapidly in milk and quail eggs to reach the maximum level within the shelf life. Survival of C. perfringens in whole milk was greater than that in non-fat milk, indicating that the fat content in milk influences the survival of C. perfringens. For L. monocytogenes, the population in milk increased by 0.5-1 log CFU/mL at 4°C, while the populations reached the maximum level at 10°C within the expiration date, regardless of initial contamination levels. In quail eggs, L. monocytogenes grew to the maximum level within the expiration date (60 days) at both temperatures. S. aureus and L. monocytogenes must be controlled to be negative, and proper temperature management should be emphasized at retail markets to protect the consumer. Since C. perfringens did not grow in milk and RTE quail eggs, there is no risk due to the growth of C. perfringens in these products at retail markets.
소비자의 잠재된 니즈 분석을 통한 디자인 상품화 과정에 관한 기초 연구
고영미 ( Young Mi Ko ),김은선 ( Eun Seon Kim ) 한국상품문화디자인학회 2013 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.35 No.-
The study focused on analyzing user`s recognition of a brand image. Design parts take great position in forming a business brand before an actual proof analyzing. Therefore, the study selected D, which concentrates on design parts of furniture business as an actual proof analyzing subject. ZMET method is used to analyze the current business marketing as a way of finding buyer`s subconscious awareness and shows its effectiveness. So the study would like to research about the identity of a brand image and a design image applying ZMET. The study is about the standard model for the identity of a brand image and a design image and is expected the way of offering and improvement about the basic materials analyzing the position by objective data.
고영미(Young-Mi Ko) 한국기업법학회 2014 企業法硏究 Vol.28 No.4
본 논문은 최근 미국 및 유럽에서 부상하고 있는 기업 채권(예를 들면, 후순위채나 채무 증서 등)을 이용한 보상 방식에 대한 논의를 중심으로 임원보상에 관련한 이러한 새로운 동향을 소개하고, 우리나라의 금융회사와 규제기관을 위한 몇 가지 시사점을 제공하기 위하여 작성되었다. 특히 글로벌 금융 위기 이후 부상하고 있는 조건부자본증권이 이와 같은 채권을 이용한 보상의 구체적 방식으로써 이용될 수 방안을 개발하기 위하여, 구체적인 설계 방안, 국제적인 활용 예, 그리고, 금융회사 임원에 보상을 규정하는 한국의 현행 제도에 편입시키기 위한 방안 등을 연구하였다. 논문의 내용을 요약하자면, 금융회사의 지배구조의 특수성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로, 기존 임원보상 체계의 문제점을 지적하고, 바람직한 임원보상 정책의 수립 필요성과 이를 위한 적정한 보상 책정 기준들을 제시할 것이다. 특히, 기업 채권을 이용한 임원보상 공식 등 임원보상 책정을 위한 새로운 기준은, 임원 보상 체계를 다양한 이해관계자의 이익과 연계되도록 설계됨으로써, 경영진으로 하여금 업무성과에 있어서의 단기주의와 업무수행에 있어서의 과도한 위험 추구에 대한 유인을 극복할 수 있도록 해 줄 것이다. 논문은, 임원 보상을 위한 기업채권의 이용에 대한 논의를 소개하고, 더 나아가, 구체적인 실행 방안 중 하나로써의 조기 전환 발동장치를 가진 조건부자본증권의 활용을 제안한다. 결국, 이 논문의 가장 중요한 핵심은 시스템상 중요한 금융기관(Systemically Important Financial Institutions, the “SIFIs”)의 경영진으로 하여금 리스크 인수를 줄이도록 하는 강력한 인센티브를 제공하는 조건부 자본의 기능에 대한 조명에 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 개별적인 법 조항들로부터 제기될 수 있는 법적 쟁점에 대한 구체적 분석보다는 금융기관의 지배구조 개선 및 효율적인 리스크 관리를 목적으로 한 법 경제학적법 정책학적 담론을 주된 내용으로 한다. From the early stage of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, existing executive compensation program has been criticized since it could be one of main factors that magnified the crisis with its flawed compensation formula and high level of compensation. The considerable amount of executive compensation was focused on equity-based compensation, which leads executive to take inappropriate risks, concentrate on short-term performance, neglect sustainability, and pose traditional moral hazard. As proved by some empirical researches, executives who hold more debts compared to equity holdings would take decreased risks. The debt-based compensation will provide the executives with incentive to take the creditor-centered approach, resulting in less risk taking, less income inequality, overcoming short-termism, producing sustainability, and constraining moral hazard. Since the Financial Crisis, reform proposals of corporate governance have stressed on the importance of optimal framework for executive compensation package. Equity-based executive compensations such as deferred-equity compensation and restricted-equity compensation hav been developed, which could satisfy the demands for performance-based compensations, however, could not address the problem of excessive risk takings by executives. This article introduces a development tendency of executive compensation focusing on the debt-based executive compensation, which is getting increasingly more interests in Europe and US, in order to provide several implications for financial regulatory agencies and financial institutions in Korea. If financial institution includes contingent convertible bond in executive compensation package, its management will not take excessive risks since the part of managers" interests are aligned with creditors" interests. In particular, the contingent convertible bond has a great potential to improve corporate governance of systemically important financial institutions when it is designed with earlier trigger feature.
Macrophomina phaseolina에 의한 콩 균핵마름병(가칭) 발생
고영미(Young Mi Ko),최지영(Jiyoung Choi),이영희(Yeong Hee Lee),김흥태(Heung Tae Kim) 한국식물병리학회 2020 식물병연구 Vol.26 No.1
Stem blight symptom of soybean was severely developed in 2016 in Hwaseong and Yeoncheon. During the seedling period, the damping-off of seedlings and the brown or black spots of cotyledons were observed. After August, the leaves began to be yellowed, and partially browned areas on leaves began to develop. After September, microsclerotia began to form even on the surface of the stems that had exhibited water-soaking symptom. After mid-October of the harvest season, the epidermis of the stem was peeled off, resulting in the formation of a large number of microsclerotia in the cortex. The pathogens isolated from these symptoms were the best in mycelial growth at 32–35°C, and the formation of microsclerotia was the most at 20–28°C. The pathogen was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina through the morphological characteristics of the pathogen and the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region gene. In addition, when inoculated with a soybean stem using toothpicks cultured with the pathogen, the same symptoms as seen on the soy- bean field occurred. When the pathogen was re-isolated at the lesion site, the same pathogen was isolated and identified as Macrophomina phaseolina. Based on the results, the disease is reported as soybean charcoal rot.
글로벌 금융위기 후의 적기시정조치에 대한 새로운 논의와 개선방향
고영미(Ko, Young-Mi) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2013 경제규제와 법 Vol.6 No.2
일반적으로, 각국의 은행 규제 및 감독 당국은 법령 등의 위임을 받아, 부보예금 기관에서 발생할 수 있는 불안전하고 불건전한 은행 실무 또는 여건, 그리고 법률 또는 법규에 대한 침해 등을 예방하거나 제거하기 위하여 특별한 강제력을 행사할 수 있는 권한을 보유한다. 본 논문은 위에서 언급한 규제 및 감독기관의 권한 중 FDIA 제38조에 따른 미국의 적기시정조치와 관련하여, 특히 적기시정조치의 일반 원칙, 글로벌 금융 위기 이후 미국 적기 시정조치의 새로이 발견된 문제점, 문제 해결을 위한 미국에서의 개선 논의 등을 중심으로 고찰한다. 도드프랭크 법 §202(g)(4)에 따르면, 위원회(FSOC)는 도드프랭크 법 §202(g)(1)에 따른 GAO 연구에 토대로 만들어진 정책 보고서를 의회에 제출하여야 한다. GAO의 분석에 따르면, 최근의 금융위기를 겪는 과정에서 적기시정조치가 그 기능을 다하지 못하여, 장래 금융 위기를 예방하고 연방예금보험기금의 손실을 최소화한다는 제도 본래의 목적을 달성하지 못했다는 점이 확인되었다. GAO의 보고서를 토대로, FSOC는 다른 은행당국들을 위한 포럼을 제공하였고, FRB를 포함한 연방은행당국들은 “입법예고안(Notices of Proposed Rules (“NPRs”)”을 발표하였고, 이는 2013년 7월 9일 “통합적 자본규제를 위한 잠정적 최종안(“최종안”)”으로서 승인되었다. 이 최종안은 BaselI II NPR, 사정 위험 NPR, 일방방식 NPR, 그리고 고급방식으로 구성되어 있다. 본 논문의 주요 내용인 최근의 글로벌 금융위기 이후에 미국에서 진행된 적기시정조치의 효율성 평가와 자본 규제상의 변화에 대한 분석이 적기시정조치와 관련한 미국의 최근 동향에 대한 법경제적 이해에 도움이 되고, 향후 한국 적기시정조치의 효율적 개선방향을 정립하는데 도움이 되기를 바란다. Government agencies for bank regulation and supervision in most countries typically preserve the special enforcement powers authorized by the law to prevent or remove any unsound and unhealthy practice or conditions and any infringements of law and regulations that can arise in the insured depository institutions. Out of those regulatory or supervisory powers of bank agencies, this article will review the prompt corrective actions (“PCA”) that can be taken by US bank regulators pursuant to the FDIA Section 38, emphasizing on the general principles of PCA, newly recognized problems during and after recent global financial crisis, and the reform proposals for the improvement of PCA. Dodd-Frank Act, in Section 202(g)(1)-(3) requires the Government Accountability Office (“GAO”) to issue a report on the evaluation of the effectiveness of PCA, among other things, especially regarding the least cost to the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) in resolving insured depository institutions. In addition, pursuant to Section 202(g)(4), FSOC should issue a report to Congress in which addressing the implementation of PCA by federal banking agencies. According to the GAO Report required by the law, the existing PCA did not successfully “prevent widespread losses to the DIF” as a consequence of the failure of banks that experienced PCA enforcement actions before failure”. The GAO Report suggested the FSOC and other bank agencies to consider the additional PCA triggers such as indicators of earning, asset quality, liquidity, reliance on unstable funding and sector loan concentrations, since the GAO study found that “capital can lag behind other indicators of bank health.” After consideration of the GAO Report, FSOC provided forum for US bank agencies, and FRB, with other federal bank agencies, issued Notices of Proposed Rulemaking (“NPRs”), which were approved as an “Interim Final Rule” on July 9, 2013. The interim final rules are composed of Basel III NPR, Market Risk rule, Standardized approach, and Advanced approached rule NPR. The PCA framework for insured depository institutions will also be changed to reflect the new measures in the interim final rules.