게슈탈트 相談에 관한 理論的 接近

고명규 濟州大學校 學生生活硏究所 1996 學生生活硏究 Vol.17 No.-

新入生 實態調査 硏究(1972년도)

高明奎 제주대학 학생지도연구소 1972 학생지도 Vol.2 No.-

The present survey was designed to collect basic informations about freshmen of '72. with a questionnaire consisted of items covering such aspects as their motives for college entrance, the department choice problem, the transfer problem, student's urgent Present problem, student's extra-curricular activities, the problem to go to school. student's social participation. "arbeit", student's future vocation and their wishes to the college authorities. Responded to the questionnaire were 215 students ie., 71.2% of the total number of the freshmen. The brief results of the survey are as followings: 1) 27.4% of the responded freshmen chose the admitted college for the cultivation of personality with intelligence, and 25.1% of them, for the prospect for vocational placement after graduation. 2) 43.3% of the responded students chose their majors according to their interests and aptitudes. 3) 27.9% of the students had experiences of being advised in choosing the departments, 38.3% of them were advised by their family members, 28.3% by their own will, and 14.1% by their high school teachers. 4) 45.1% of the students expressed wishes to transfered to other departments, when possible. Major reaons were that their interests and aptitudes are not suitable for the admitted departments. 5) The most urgent problem of them was the economic problem, next was their future vocation, and third, their health and human relation. 6) 61.4% of them insisted to participate in extra-curricular activities. 7) 43.7% of them were those who go to college from their homes. 8) 63.2% of them expressd positive attitude toward social participation, and only 1.9% of them showed negative. 9) Most of the students want to have "arbeit". Because the major reasons are: that they cultivate their spirits of independence and they earn their school expenses. 10) After graduation, 34.4% of the responded students want to be teachers, and 13.5% professors. 11) Most of them want a unified campus which has laboratory rooms and various audio-visual equipments.

지능의 구조와 발달에 관한 연구

고명규 濟州大學 敎養學部 1976 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This study intends to explain general natures related to intelligence as learning or mental ability and to seek for desirable atmospheres to achieve a remarkable intellectual development. From this point of view, description is made of as follows: Psychologists have as yet failed to reach agreement on the definiton of intelligence. Most of the definitions proposed emphasize: (1) adjustment, or the adaptation of the individual to his environment : (2) the ability to learn : (3) the ability to carry on abstract thinking : and or (4) the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment. Stoddard presents a comprehensive description of intelligence when he defines it as "The ability to undertake activities that are characterized by ① difficulty, ② complexity, ③ abstractness, ④ economy ⑤ adaptiveness to a goal, ⑥ social value and ⑦ the emergence of originals, and to maintain such activities under conditions that demand a concentration of energy and a resistance to emotional forces". Psychologists are not in agreement on the organization of intelligence. Spearman applied statistical analysis to intelligence test results and concluded that performance on intelligence tests was due first to the presence of a general,g, factor and then to specific abilities, s, factors. Using a different statistical approach, Thurstone concludes that intelligence is made up of separate, independent, primary abilities. Guilford has developed a structure-of-intellect model consisting of three facets-operations, contents, and products-and resulting in 120 possible factors. Both environment and heredity have a great influence on the development of intelligence. Anastasi has divided the environmental influences on that of it into the structural and functional factors. Studies on the growth of intelligence show that childhood is eminently the period of rapid growth, adolescence the period when growth begins to slow down, early manhood the period of full mental power. This full mental power maintains itself with only slight diminution into the forties or fifties, but from then on decline sets in definitely. But the drop in old age is not nearly so steep as the rise in childhood. Mental age refers to the age level at which the person of normal intelligence can do. The intelligence quotient (I.Q) translates this idea into a score by dividing the mental age (M. A) by the chronological age (C. A) and then multiplying the result by 100 : I.Q. = M.A/C.A × 100. The distribution of intelligence in the general population can best be described by a bell-shaped curve. The biggest portion of the population will be grouped near the 100 I.Q mark at the center of the curve. The distribution will thin out rapidly as the extrimes in ability are reached. Intelligence tests predict achievement in school and other situations because of believing in the constancy of I.Q. But the older the child grows, the more stable his I.Q usually becomes. The I.Q is markedly changed by the conditions of nourishment, personality traits, the cultural environments, and errors of measurement. The development of all the mental and learning ability may be more accelerated or decelerated by producing three following atmospheres: namely, affective, value-oriented, and metaphysical ones. In short, That teachers provide students at maturity of intelligence with these psychological climates needful to the development of mental and learning ability may bring about the change of their I.Qs in case of their positions, and about the development of people's mental ability in that of a nation.

統合된 成格의 具體的 特性에 관한 硏究

高明奎 濟州大學校 學生生活硏究所 2000 學生生活硏究 Vol.21 No.-

청년기의 사회적 행동의 특징과 그 지도방안

고명규 濟州大學 敎養學部 1975 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The adolescent years are, pre-eminently, a period of social development and adjustment. During the preceding years of childhood there has been, to be sure, a beginning of socialization, through the acquisition of fundamental social skills. The elementary school child can learn how to get along with others of his own age and sex in such social situations as arise during his schoolwork or his play outside school. He can also develop a workable relationship between himself and his parents or teachers. It is quite necessary that these childish adjustments take place, since they serve as a basis for the more complete development of the adolescent years. The social development of children is, however, limited both by their immature mentality and by their inattention to many social stimuli. With the oncoming of Adolescence, the boy or girl becomes acutely aware of social relationships and pressures. For a few years, in fact, these relationships become of overwhelming importance. The period is a somewhat trying one for parents, because they recede into the background and no longer can exert much influence. It is, of course, best that this development should take place, since an adolescent has to become independent of his home, but the process is sometimes a strain. The purpose of this study is to seek for a desirable guidance plan in order that adolescents should achieve their normal social developments and adjustments. The contents of this study will deal with the topics of emancipation from dependence upon parents, conformity to the peer group, show-off, competitions, rebellion against the adult authority, and the functions of the peer groups. The propositions obtained by this study are as follows : 1. to achieve properly adolescent psychological weanings. 2. to encourage and fecommend the desirable direction for adolescent social activities. 3. to guide and develop actively adolescent leaderships. 4. to make the best use of values .of the individual and group competitions. 5. to find out gradually a suitable guidance program of adolescent reballions. 6. to understand and encourage their social roles for the un-social and isolated adolescents. In short, we should not only guide the intellectual and emotional development, but the social evelopment by means of education.

新入生 價値觀 調査硏究

高明奎 제주대학 학생지도연구소 1973 학생지도 Vol.3 No.1

新入生 問題調査 硏究

高明奎 제주대학 학생지도연구소 1976 학생지도 Vol.4 No.-

本 調査에서 밝혀진 主要 事實들을 要約하면, 다음과 같다. A. 大學入學의 動機에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 現在 全體 調査者의 32.1%의 學生들은 지성인으로서 人格을 갖추기 위하여, 27.2%는 장래 職業生活의 준비를 위하여, 그리고 나머지 各 11%는 國家發展에 공헌할 지도자가 되기 위하여와 學問硏究를 위하여 入學하였다. B. 學科選擇에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 現在 2志望으로 입학한 學生들은 55.7%이고, 나머지 38.7%는 1志望으로 입학한 學生이다. 2) 現在 38%에 해당하는 學生만이 자기의 興味와 適性에 따라 학과를 선택하였고, 過半數(55.4%)의 學生은 將來의 職業選擇·未開拓分野·高校成績·家庭環境과 父母의 勸誘에 의해서 학과를 선택하였다. 3) 6할 정도의 學生은 학과선택시에 他人의 助言을 받았고, 나머지 4할은 助言을 받지 못했다. 그리고 助言의 경우 家族員(44.2%), 高校敎師(20.4%), 親友(18.0%)이다. 4) 현재 6할 가량의 學生은 소속한 학과에 대하여 無關心·不滿을 表示하고 있고, 나머지 36.6%만이 滿足感을 나타내고 있다. C. 轉科에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 현재 轉科(學)를 희망하는 學生은 전체의 31%이다. 2) 그리고 學生들의 轉科의 理由로서 첫째 興味와 適性에 맞지 않아서(39.5%), 둘째 좁은 地域社會이기 때문에(19.9%), 세째 施設이 貧弱하기 때문에 (10.9%)를 들고 있다. D. 切實한 個人問題에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 현재 學生들이 당면하고 있는 가장 切實한 個人問題로서는 첫째 人間關係 問題(13.8%), 둘째 經濟問題 (12.4%), 세째 將來 職業問題 (11.1%)를 들고 있다. 2) 이러한 切實한 個人的 問題를 갖고 相議하고 싶은 對象은 첫째 親友 (28.4%), 둘째 指導敎授 (17.8%), 세째 父 (11.8%)를 드는 경향이 높다. E. 課外活動에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 향재 58.4%의 學生은 校內外에서 클럽活動을 하고 있고, 나머지 35%만이 活動을 않고 있다. 2) 그리고 앞으로 學生들이 參加하려는 클럽活動의 範圍는 첫째 社會奉仕 (23.6%), 둘째 趣味活動 (19.6%), 및 學術硏究 (18.4%)에 보다 參與意識을 보여주고 있다. F. 通學에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 현재 전체의 43.2% 學生들만이 自宅에서 通學하고 있고, 나머지 50.3%는 自炊·下宿 副職을 갖고 通學하고 있다. G. 우리나라 將來에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 현재 우리나라의 將來에 대하여 希望的·樂觀的인 態度를 보이는 學生은 전체의 66.3%, 나머지 16.2%만이 絶望的·悲觀的인 見解를 表明하고 있다. 2) 그리고 希望的인 見解를 갖는다는 理由는 첫째 經濟的 發展 (69.4%), 둘째 社會的 發展 (22.3%)이다. H. 아르바이트에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 현재 6할 이상의 學生은 아르바이트를 希望하고 있다. 2) 그리고 아르바이트를 希望하는 理由로서는 첫째 雜費를 마련하기 위하여(39%), 둘째 自立精神을 기르기 위하여(38%), 세째 社會生活의 見聞을 넓히고 또 學費를 마련하기 위하여 (각 14%)서라고 한다. I. 將來의 職業에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 현재 學生들이 大學卒業後 가장 憧憬하는 職種의 順位를 보면, 첫째 學者(敎授) (22.1%), 둘째 敎師(17.2%), 세째 行政官(公務員)(10%)으로 뚜렷이 나타나고 있다. J. 大學에 要望事項에서 밝혀진 事實 1) 현재 學生들은 大學當局에 대한 要望事項으로서는 첫째 大學 캠퍼스 統合 및 施設擴張(18.7%), 둘째 充實한 硏究와 誠義있는 講義 (15.7%), 세째 贓書擴保 (13.7%), 네째 敎授와 學生間의 親熟한 紐帶關係(12.3%)를 가장 뚜렷하게 指摘하고 있다.

동기화의 역할이 학습활동에 미치는 효과

고명규 제주대학교 1970 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

There is a considerable body of knowledge about the effect of certain social motives in achieving production in factories, success in school, and a variety of other situations. However hard we may study, we cannot have the most valuable, desirable effects in learning without certain motives. It is proverbially admitted to say that we can lead horse to water, but we cannot make him drink. This word is a good teaching to us. Mottive is commonly divided into the physiological, innate need (Hunger, Thirst, Sleeping, Rest) and social, economic need(need for social approval or recognition, need for independence). One is called as primary need or primary motive; The other is called as secondary need or secondary motive because of having been acquired as the result of learning. But There is no difference between their intensities of behavior arising from organism. The terms, need, drive, incentive, value, attitude, interest, and purpose stress various aspects of motivation. Motivation is the verv heart of the learning process. Adequate motivation not only sets in motion the activity which results in learning, but also sustains and directs it. Refection, interest, effort, all the outcomes most desired by the teacher and most valuable to learner, spring into being with adequate motivation. The average learner works below his maximum capacity : his achievement quotient (A. Q.) is rarely 100, because of lack of adequate incentive to learn. We noticed clearly that motivation is the most important factor in learning and its practice. Do you know how to give to the learner learning intention and driving force in the learning guidance in practice? Two kinds of motivation are commonly recognized : intrinsic and extrinsic. One is based on by learner's internal cause ; The other is based on by his external stimulus. This most effective type of intrinsic motivation is secured by making the subject-matter significant or meaningful to the learner. The educational application is to begin at the point of contact, and within the rage of interestand capacity of the learner. But learning must often proceed in absence of intrinsin motivation. Intellectual immaturity and lack of sensitivity to ultimate consequences and ideals may stand in the way of intrinsic appeal. In the learning guidance we cannot make light of the effect of extrinsic motivation. But it is the most valuable, desirable thing for the learner and teacher to change it into intrinsic motivation.

意思交流分析的 相談에 관한 理論的 接近

高明奎 濟州大學校 學生生活硏究所 1997 學生生活硏究 Vol.18 No.-

金融環境變化와 銀行의 마케팅 戰略

高明奎 배화여자대학 1994 培花論叢 Vol.13 No.-

The financial service retail industry has become a competitive market since the deregulation in 1980s. The key to success in this highly uncertain and competitive environment is to adopt a marketing orientation and to develop corporate identities in order to survive and grow. Among service industries, the financial service industry is most often noted for its lack of a marketing concept.: 1) Financial service are almost fungible commodities, and therefore virtually indistinguishable from each other in the buyer's mind. : 2) The individual customers uses traditional bank service for almost every purpose. These factors have made the job of segmenting the market and positioning a bank's service exetremely difficult. The purpose of this dissertation is to present a study in which consumers' needs and wants were investigated in relation to their financial service usage. The dissertation is divided into six chapters, with the first chapter as an in overview of the reserch study. Chapter Ⅱ & Ⅲ present a review of related literature. Included in the review are discussions of current state of bank environments and theoretical background of bank marketing. Based on the literature review, Charper Ⅳ & Ⅴ contain problems in the domestic bank marketing activities and desirable marketing strategy for Korean banks. The final Chapter of the dissertation contains major bank marketing strategies for higher productivity to satisfy bank customer's needs and wants as follows: First, one of the most important components of marketing strategies for Korean Banks is to define and analyze product-markets. The first step in target marketing is market segmentation. Sound market segmentation strategy needs to incorporate consumers' product usage, benefits sought and characteristics of consumers in terms of demographics and of lifestyles. Second, The division of customer management or marketing management should be laid on the upper part of the bank so that it may implement all the problems of the bank. And also, it is a structural of the organization which considers customers' content as top priority, compared favorable with the past functional organization. Finally, A corporate identity program is more than a simple change in corporate name and in advertising. It is the implementation of strategic marketing plan. An identity should be as the embodiment of the bank's philosophy and goals.