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강양순 한국국제농업개발학회 1991 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.3 No.2
本 調査는 수단國의 밀 增收 技術 開發을 위한 일환으로 수단 政府가 韓國의 專門家를 招請 1990年 12月 11日부터 1991年 1月 17日까지 수단國 밀 主要 栽培團地의 現地 踏査를 통한 氣象生産性과 栽培上 問題點을 把握하여 밀增收 技術開發資料를 얻고자 兩國 共同으로 實施한 것으로 結果는 다음과 같다. 1) 수단은 熱帶 大隆性 氣候로 日射가 강하고 氣溫이 높지만 11月 中旬에서 3月中旬까지는 氣溫과 日射가 多少낮아 이 時期가 밀 栽培適期이고 이때 熱에너지가 化學에너지로의 轉換 및 呼吸에 의한 消耗面을 考慮한 日射量 效果指數는 夏季보다 높게 分析되었다. 2) 밀 作期중 太陽에너지 利用面으로 換算한 潛在 生産力은 36.9T/㏊이 可能하였으나 실제 圃場에서의 總 乾物 生産量은 11.8T/㏊으로 生産效率이 32%로 溫帶地方 韓國의 45.3%에 비하여 顯著히 낮아 栽培上의 改善策이 要求되었다. 3) 增收 制限 要因으로서는 不合理한 물管理, 土壤管理, 施肥法등과 Heat Stress등을 들 수 있다. (1) 물管理 平面 播種된 圃場에서의 灌漑는 土壤流失과 氾濫으로 立耗狀態가 不良하게 되므로 두둑을 만들어 고랑에 灌漑하는 것이 效果的이다. (2) 土壤管理 灌漑水와 土壤中에는 Clay 含量이 높이 圃場의 垂直排水를 不良하게 하고 Ca 含量이 높아 土壤중 憐酸有效化를 낮추며 土壤 pH는 8.3∼9.0으로 높아 必須 元素의 不均衡을 招來하기 쉬우므로 黃含有肥料와 施用이 要求된다. (3) 高溫 및 光被害 日射量이 높고 生育初期 및 登熱期에 溫度가 높아 Stress를 크게 받게 되므로 耐熱性 品種開發 및 播種樣式, 栽培時期, 물管理, 土壤管理등과 같은 栽培法으로 Heat Stress를 輕減시켜야 한다. A preliminary survey on the wheat cultivation in Sudan was carried out for 38 days from December 11, 1990 to January 17, 1991 as a cooperative work between Sudan and Korea. Although the potential yield productivity estimated from solar radiation during the period of wheat growing seasons was 36.9 T/㏊, the biological yield in research farm of the agricultural scheme was only 11.8 T/㏊ with the efficiency of 32% of the potential yield productivity Therefore, it was considered that the yield could be increased with the improvement of cultural practices such as proper irrigation, fertilization and with the reducing of heat stress.
일본에 있어서 보리 APOMIXIS 돌연변이체의 선발 연구
강양순 한국국제농업개발학회 1994 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.6 No.3
日本에서는 보리의 完全 Apomixis選拔 방법이 確立될 設階로서 이 方法 實現이 可能한 目的系統을 얻었기 때문에 Apomixis에 의한 F₁種子價格은 低廉하게 되어 從來 하이브리드 品種育成企業體의 獨占 利潤을 排除하여 農民 所得과 直結시킬 수 있다. 또한 Apornixis 品種의 育種으로의 利用은 交配母本으로 했을 때에는 次代가 母本과 같은 Clone이 되기 때문에 利用價値가 없으나 放射線處理로 核遺傳子를 不活性化 하여 正常細胞質과의 細胞融合에 의한 하이브리드를 作成해서 父本으로 使用할 價値도 있다. 雄性不稔 Apomixis는 突然變異를 誘發시켜 稔性回復遺傳子 및 雄性不稔細胞 (S)로 부터 正常細胞質(N)로의 突然變異 遺傳子를 選拔할수 있다. 이러한 Apomixis의 效率的인 作物 改良을 위해서는 作物育種, 細胞遣傳學, 細胞培養, 分子生物學 등의 技術을 綜合할 수 있는 硏究팀 構成에 의한 挑戰이 必要하다고 본다. Selection of apomixis in barley is nearly established in Japan, for example, the desired apomictic line by this method is already available to be used for selection of F₁progines developed by apomixis. It is highly promising to extend this techniques not only to barley but also to other crop species, which can reduce the production cost of apomixis F₁seeds, eventually return benefits to farmers which is, otherwise, to go to the commercial seed companies with the exclusive monopoly for the hybrid seed. Besides the economical effect, there is a high possibility to use the variety developed by apomixis to breeding stocks of crops. It is known that the use of apomixis varieties in crossing parent with breeding purpose always resulted in clones in next generation. This barrier can be overcome by the introduction of mutation by radioactivity radiation and hybrid between the this mutated lines and normal lines by cell fusion can be used as the crossing parent in breeding purpose. It is recommenced in this time that the cooperative efforts from various sources of science, plant breeding, cell genetics, tissue culture, and molecular biology, is needed to solve the problems concerning the apomixis breeding.
강양순,이종훈,이병열 한국작물학회 2010 한국작물학회지 Vol.55 No.3
In order to evaluate the benefits of global warming on the double cropping with staple crops in North-Korea, four aspects such as the increasing rate of air temperature, the wintering temperatures for winter crops, the causing temperature of cool injury to rice and the securing of accumulated temperature for the double cropping in the different agricultural climate zones were analyzed by comparing the differences between the past 22 years from 1973to 1994 and the recent 5 years from 2002 to 2006. The warming rate in recent daily mean air temperature of 8.96℃in North Korea was higher by 0.64℃ than that in the past with large regional variations ranging from 1.06℃ in Samjiyeon of northern inland semi-alpine zone to 12.26℃in Jangjeon of east central coastal zone. With the accumulated temperatures of more than 3,150℃ and 2,650℃, it was possible to apply the double cropping patterns with winter wheat and for cropping patterns with spring potato,respectively, to the whole region except for the northern inland semi-alpine zone. However, the wintering temperature higher than -15℃ of average daily minimum air temperature of January, cropping patterns were impossible to northern inland semi-alpine zone and most regions of the northern mountainous zone. The days passed by below 17℃in daily mean air temperature, causing the spikelet sterility at meiotic stage of rice in July, were a lot recorded from 21 to 29 days in northern inland semi-alpine zone and from 2 to 10 days in east-northern coastal zone, respectively. Therefore, a reasonable utilization of heat / temperature resources would relieve the limiting factors in double cropping for stable production of staple crops in North-Korea. 지구온난화에 따른 북한지역의 식량작물 생산을 주축으로 하는 이모작의 특성을 평가하기 위해서 온난화의 지역적특성, 겨울작물의 월동온도, 여름작물의 냉해유발온도 및이모작 작부양식별 소요적산온도 확보 등 온열지표의 변화를 농업기후지대별로 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 온난화의 지역적 특성북한의 온난화는 과거(1973-1994)보다 최근(2002-2006)들어 연간 평균기온 3,271℃로 233℃나 상승되었고 일평균기온은 8.96℃로 0.64℃ 증가되었다. 일평균기온의지역간 변이는 아한대인 북부내륙고산지대의 삼지연에서 1.06℃, 온대인 동해안중부지대의 장전에서 12.26℃로 큰 변이를 보였다. 2. 겨울작물의 월동가능지역 확대겨울작물의 월동온도를 기준으로 가을보리+벼 이모작(-13℃ 이상 지역) 가능지역의 분포는 과거 서해안과동해안 및 서부중간지대의 일부에서 최근 들어 서부중간지대의 전역으로 확대되었고, 가을밀+벼 이모작(-15℃)가능지역은 과거 서해안과 동해안 및 서부중간지 전역에서 최근 중부산간지대의 전역과 북부산간 일부지역까지 확대되었다. 3. 여름작물의 냉해우려지역 분포7월중 일평균기온 17℃이하의 장해형냉해 유발온도의경과일수를 기준으로 냉해우려지역의 분포는 북부내륙고산지대에서 21-29일, 동북해안북부지대에서 8-10일, 동북해안남부지대에서 2-5일로 나타났다. 4. 이모작 적산온도 확보의 지역적 분포월동작물 가을밀과 결합된 여름작물(벼, 옥수수 및 콩)이모작을 가능케 하는 적산온도 3,150℃ 이상 확보지역의 분포는 북부내륙고산지대를 제외한 북한 전역으로 확대되었고, 여름작물 봄감자와 결합된 벼, 옥수수및 콩 등 이모작을 가능케 하는 적산온도 2,650℃ 이상 확보지역의 분포는 일부 북부내륙고산지대 혜산지역까지 가능하였다.
Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조발생규모에 대한 비교연구
강양순,박영태,임월애,조은섭,이창규,강영실,Kang, Yang-Soon,Park, Young-Tae,Lim, Weol-Ae,Cho, Eun-Seob,Lee, Chang-Kyu,Kang, Young-Shil 한국해양학회 2009 바다 Vol.14 No.4
2007년과 2008년 Cochlodinium 적조발생규모에 영향을 미친 주요원인을 파악하기 위하여 적조발생기간 중 해양학적, 기상학적 특징 등을 비교분석하였다. 2007년도 남해연안과 동해연안에서 115억원의 수산피해를 일으킨 대규모 적조발생원인은 적조발생기간 중 집중강우, 냉수대발생으로 인한 연안용승, 수온성층 약화로 인한 연안역의 풍부한 영양염과 낮은 포식 동물플랑크톤 때문으로 해석되었다. 한편, 2008년도 남해안 일부 연안에서 수산피해없이 발생한 소규모 적조원인은 적조발생기간 중 지속된 가뭄과 빈영양 외양수가 연안역에 강하게 영향을 미침으로써 연안역의 낮은 영양염과 예년보다 월등히 높은 밀도의 포식 동물플랑크톤 영향 때문으로 풀이되었다. 따라서, 영양염 농도, 외양수 영향, 포식 동물플랑크톤은 2007년과 2008년 적조발생 규모에 많은 영향을 미친 것으로 추정되었다. To understand major factors that affected on distinct Cochlodinium bloom scale in Korean coasts in 2007 and 2008, oceanographic and meteorological characteristics during Cochlodinium bloom period were compared. The main reason for large scale blooms in 2007, covering both southern coast and eastern coast with about 10 million US dollars fish kills, was attributed to sufficient nutrient supply by heavy rainfall, upwelling in the coast arising from irregular wind shift, weak thermocline and low grazing pressure by zooplanktons during Cochlodimum bloom development period. On the contrary, small scale blooms in 2008 covering only inshore areas of southern coast without fish kills was attributed to the low nutrient level in coastal areas by long persistent drought and strong influence of oligotrophic offshore water onto inshore and high grazing pressure by extra ordinarily abundant zooplanktons during Cochlodinium development period. Conclusively, it was estimated that nutrient level, strength of offshore water and feeding pressure might play a significant role in the difference of bloom scale between the two years.
벼 상자육묘에서 규산코팅볍씨의 건묘육성과 벼키다리병 경감효과
강양순,김완중,노재환 한국작물학회 2017 한국작물학회지 Vol.62 No.1
We investigated the effect of silicate coating of rice seeds on bakanae disease incidence and the quality of seedlings raised in seedling boxes and transplanted into pots. The silicate-coated rice seed (SCS) was prepared as follows. Naturally infested rice seeds not previously subjected to any fungicidal treatment were dressed with a mixture of 25% silicic acid at pH 11 and 300-mesh zeolite powder at a ratio of 50 g dry seed - 9 mL silicic acid - 25 g zeolite powder. The following nursery conditions were provided : Early sowing, dense seeding in a glass house with mulching overnight and no artificial heating, which were the ideal conditions for determining the effect on the seed. The nursery plants were evaluated for Gibberella. fujikuroi infection or to determine the recovery to normal growth of infected nursery plants in the Wagner pot. Seedlings emerged 2-3 days earlier for the SCS than they did for the non-SCS control, while damping-off and bakanae disease incidence were remarkably reduced. Specifically, bakanae disease incidence in the SCS was limited to only 7.8% for 80 days after sowing, as compared to 91.6% of the non-SCS control. For the 45-days-old SCS nursery seedlings, the fresh weight was increased by 11% and was two times heavier, with only mild damage compared to that observed for non-SCS. Even after transplanting, SCS treatment contributed to a lower incidence of further infections and possibly to recovery of the seedlings to normal growth as compared to that observed in symptomatic plants in the pot. The active pathogenic macro-conidia and micro-conidia were considerably lower in the soil, root, and seedling sheath base of the SCS. In particular, the underdeveloped macro-conidia with straight oblong shape without intact septum were isolated in the SCS ; this phenotype is likely to be at a comparative etiological disadvantage when compared to that of typical active macro-conidia, which are slightly sickle-shaped with 3-7 intact septa. A active intact conidia with high inoculum potential were rarely observed in the tissue of the seedlings treated only in the SCS. We propose that promising result was likely achieved via inhibition of the development of intact pathogenic conidia, in concert with the aerobic, acidic conditions induced by the physiochemical characteristics associated with the air porosity of zeolite, alkalinity of silicate and the seed husk as a carbon source. In addition, the resistance of the healthy plants to pathogenic conidia was also important factor. Keywords : bakanae disease, Gibberella fujikuroi, macro-conidia, micro-conidia, raising of rice seedlings, silicate coated rice seed 벼 직파재배에서 새 피해, 발아 및 입모불량 그리고 도복피해 등 기술보급저해요인을 해소하기 위하여 개발된 규산코팅볍씨의 이앙용 상자육묘에서 건묘육성과 벼키다리병발병 경감을 구명하기 위하여 호기조건인 상자육묘조건과혐기조건인 Pot이앙조건으로 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 코팅볍씨에서 묘의 출현은 무코팅볍씨에서 보다 2-3 일 빨랐고 입고병과 벼키다리병 발생이 현저히 경감되었다. 2. 파종후 45일 생체중은 건전묘에서 11%, 이병묘에서2.01배로 규산코팅볍씨의 건묘 육성효과가 뚜렷하였다. 3. 육묘 중 파종후 80일까지 벼키다리병 발생은 무코팅볍씨 91.6%에 비하여 7.8%로 현저하게 경감되었다. 4. 최대발병률을 보인 파종 후 45일에 이앙된 코팅볍씨에서 무코팅볍씨에 비하여 건전묘의 추가발병이 거의없었고 이병묘의 정상생육 회복도 가능하였다. 5. 코팅볍씨에서 육묘된 토양과 식물체의 뿌리와 엽초기부조직에서 활동성 소형포자와 대형포자의 분포가 무코팅에서보다 현저하게 줄었다. 특히 코팅볍씨의 육묘토양과 이병묘/건전묘에서는 무코팅볍씨에서 나타난전형적인 대형포자(3-7개의 격막과 양끝이 낫처럼 굽은)와는 다른 격막이 없고 두터운 세포벽을 갖는 장방형 미성숙 대형포자 출현이 발병 경감원인으로 주목되었다. 6. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 코팅볍씨의 육묘 중 벼키다리병 발병경감과 이앙 후 이병묘의 정상생육 회복 그리고 건전묘의 이병화경감은 강알칼리성 수용성규산과 다공성 지오라이트 그리고 종피 잠복 병원균간의 물리화학적 특성과 건전묘의 균에 대한 저항성에 기인되었을 것으로 판단되었다.
강양순 한국국제농업개발학회 1993 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.5 No.2
China takes the first rank of wheat production in the world. The pattern of wheat cropping in China can be classified by the regions based on the average temperature of January. About 76.5% of wheat crops are sown in fall, while the remaining 23.5% is the spring-sown. Fall seeding is practiced mainly in the central regions of China from Yellow riverside (Huang He) to Yangtze riverside (Chang Jiang), where average temperature is -8∼5C in January and 17∼24C around the maturing stage. In north-western, north-eastern and northern regions, where temperature in January is -28∼-2C and that at maturing stage is similar to the central regions, spring seeding is commonly practiced. Wheat breeding in China centers on the development of ecologically suitable cultivars (specially termed $quot;ecological breeding$quot;). The research aims not only the improvement of resistance to diseases, insects and environmental stresses, but also the enhancement of maturity and productivity is relation to 10 ecologicay different zones. Each region has an academy of agricultural sciences which manages subordinate research institutes. The institutes responsible for wheat breeding differ each other among regions. The breeding of wheat cultivars has been actively advanced since 1930s, and achieved increment of wheat production by 36% in 1970. In recent years, the research on wheat hybrids has been undertaken and accomplished development of the intermediates between the wild varieties and the improved ones using wide-crossing. Chinese research in wheat hybrid breeding is regarded as the world-top level. Various genetic resources and advanced techniques for wheat breeding in China are considered beneficial to Korean research and, thus, acquisition of Chinese germplasm and technical information needs to be strengthened.