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하시모토 갑상선염을 동반한 유두상 갑상선암의 임상병리학적 특징
강상현,하태권,박하경,이홍태,신재호,안민성,김광희,배기범,김태현,최창수,김진수<SUP>1<.SUP>,김기훈<SUP>1<.SUP>,김운원<SUP>1<.SUP>,김상효,Sang Hyun Kang,Tae Kwun Ha,Ha Kyoung Park,Hong Tae Lee,Jae Ho Shin,Min Sung Ahn,Kwang Hee Kim,Ki Beom Bae,Ta 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2013 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.13 No.1
Purpose: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an important cause of hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. In order to attain a better understanding for use in treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisting with HT, we conducted an analysis of the clinicopathologic features, as well as the importance of HT as a prognostic factor. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 341 patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with PTC following surgery. Results: PTC coexisting with HT was observed in 19.6% (67 patients) of all PTC patients. A statistically significant gender difference was observed in the group with HT (two male vs. 65 female), with a higher positive rate of anti-thyroglobulin antibody and smaller tumor size, compared to the PTC group without HT. When tumor size increased, a lower coexistence rate of HT was observed. No significant differences were observed in multifocality, cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis, coexistence of benign nodule, and extent of LN dissection. However, frequency of extrathyroidal extension was significantly lower and total thyroidectomy rate was higher in the group with HT. TNM stage and AMES stage were similar in both groups; frequency of high MACIS score showed a significant decrease in the group with HT. The recurrence rate and disease-free survival in patients with PTC were not significantly affected by coexistence of HT. Conclusion: We found a significant relationship with gender, extrathyroidal extension, and tumor size in PTC coexisting with HT. However, no significant differences in recurrence rate and disease-free survival were observed between groups. Therefore, coexistence in PTC could not be applicable as a prognostic factor of PTC.
강상현(Kang Sang-Hyun) 한국방송학회 2000 한국방송학보 Vol.14 No.1
Some recent surveys show the number of worldwide Internet users is more than 300million and it goes beyond 10million in South Korea. That means cyberspace through which men and women interact each other and discuss concerning their interests is rapidly widen and peoples participating in that space are sharply increasing. The purpose of this study is to discuss on the potentialities and limits of cyberspace as an alternative media. ‘Alternative media’ and ‘Cyberspace’ are key words of this speculative study. Alternative media movement has arisen from 1970s both as a reaction against the centralism, bureaucratization, and vertical communication of existing media system and as a positive move towards new forms of media system. The movement was primarily based on democratic-participant media hypothesis and ‘alternative public sphere’ discussions and helped to develop them. So, alternative media movement favoured openness, decentralization and horizontality of communication, interaction, interchange of sender-receiver roles, smallness of sale, multiplicity, and so on. Many observers find out those components of alternative media in cyberspace. They emphasize that cyberspace is a democratic and participant medium characterized by openness, horizontality, decentralization, small-scale, interaction, and alternative public sphere, and so on. However, it is also true that cyberspace has some limits to realize its own possibilities and potentialities. Some people still far from using cyberspace freely. In cyberspace, there are still stratification resulted from existing economoc and technological power; there are still external control and cencorship; moreover, there are some specific evidences showing the limitations of cyberspace as alternative media or public sphere. In this study, I suggest three requirements for realization of potentialities of cyberspace as alternative media; construction of technological infrastructure for universal service, democratic institutionalization for utilizing cyberspace, and enlargement of civil society area and enlightenment of citizen for civil empowerment.