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개정 국어과 교육과정에 나타난 문제점 짚어보기 - 초등과정을 중심으로
김강수 우리말교육현장학회 2007 우리말교육현장연구 Vol.1 No.1
The object of this essay is to discuss problems that may arise from revised Korean language curriculum and how the curriculum can be effectively realized in actual teaching environment after due consideration of how the curriculum was developed and put together from an elementary school teacher’s point of view. Educational curriculums act as teachers’ guide to help them with teaching contents or teaching methods, but since they include wide range of information and because they were put together considering unity of the information, the contents are very abstract. That is why, teachers cannot easily figure out how the revised curriculum should be practiced with the documents only. In order to discuss how teachers can understand the revised curriculum, I believe it is best to write from actual experience. This essay discuss problems in necessity of uniting revised curriculum contents, reason for necessity of localized education system and details of how it is achieved, and propriety of contents. I believe that these are obstacles for practicing revised curriculum and they are holding back actual application of the curriculum. This essay might lack objectivity and systemicity because it is written on the base of one’s experience, but I hope that this essay is read knowing that this essay is reflecting actual practice of education. I also hope that this essay will provide a chance for teachers to understand and discuss revised curriculum education process. 이 글은 개정 국어과 교육과정의 개발과정과 내용체계들을 초등 현장 교사의 입장에서 살펴보고 그것이 교육 현장에서 어떻게 구현될 수 있을 것인가, 어떤 문제점을 낳을 수 있을 것인가를 구체적으로 논의해보려는 목적으로 쓴 것이다. 교육과정은 교육현장의 교사들에게 가르치는 목표와 내용, 방법 등에 관한 지침의 구실을 하지만, 내용과 방법을 포괄적으로 기술할 뿐 아니라 전체적인 체계에서 통일성을 고려하다보니 대단히 추상적인 말로 정리되어 있다. 따라서 현장의 교사는 교육과정 문서만으로는 새로운 교육과정이 구체적으로 어떻게 실현될 것인가에 대해서는 쉽게 가늠하기가 어렵다. 현장의 교사들이 개정 교육과정을 쉽게 이해하고 함께 논의해볼 수 있도록 하려면 현장의 경험을 바탕으로 이야기를 풀어가야 한다고 생각한다. 이 글은 현장의 경험을 바탕으로 개정 교육과정의 내용 영역을 통합해야 하는 필요성, 지역화 교육이 이루어져야 하는 이유와 구체적 실현 방법, 내용의 적정성과 위계성에 대한 문제를 제기하고 있다. 즉 그것들이 개정 교육과정에서 문제가 되고 있으며, 교육과정의 현실적인 적용을 어렵게 하고 있다는 생각을 담고 있다. 현장의 경험을 바탕으로 논의를 펼쳐나가기 때문에 객관성이나 체계성이 떨어질 수는 있지만, 초등 교육 현장을 실천적으로 반영한 글로 읽히기를 바라며, 현장의 교사들이 개정 교육과정에 대해 적극적으로 이해하고 논의할 수 있는 기회가 되기를 바란다.
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김강수(Kim Kang-Su),이득행(Lee Deuck-Hang),주현진(Ju Hyun-Jin) 대한건축학회 2011 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.27 No.2
Current codes of practice have specified the minimum and maximum shear reinforcement ratio to prevent the brittle shear failure of reinforced concrete members. These limits on shear reinforcement, however, are significantly different, and cannot consider the effect of longitudinal reinforcement ratio and shear span ratio on the shear reinforcement limits. Thus, this study proposed the minimum and maximum shear reinforcement ratio considering these influencing factors, and compared to test data from previous studies and other approaches. The analysis results imply that the proposed limits on shear reinforcement are very rational and proper for reinforced concrete members having various concrete compressive strengths and longitudinal reinforcement ratios.
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김강수(Kang Soo Kim) 중앙법학회 2011 中央法學 Vol.13 No.2
Companies can develop serious regulatory and 1ega1 prob1ems when they have breakdowns in interna1 contro1s. The pain of non-compliance and recent high profile compliance failures have caused companies to budget more money to proactive1y address those types of prob1ems. Compliance programs are a species of internal controls. typically a tai10red set of devices to meet externally- imposed non-financial mandates. A study on the prob1ems and solutions of internal contro1 system and compliance officer is as follows. First. with regard to the scope of interna1 contro1 system and compliance`s ro1e. interna1 control system can be devide financial and non-financia1 controls, to manage risk and compliance can be comprised in non-financia1 control. Second, efficient compliance program can be secured through the compliance officer`s independence and expertise. an objective standard for the ro1e of compliance officer and an audit or audit committee should be showed. Third, compliance must have the position and situation who can cope with externa1 or interna1 pressure. it is necessary to make adopt compliance system by compu1sion. but it is desirable to use the way which the corporation established compliance program can be remitted a fine. This article makes a study on the propriety of introduction of ``internal control system`` and ``compliance officer``. The detailed assertions of the article are as follows. First, in regard of the compliance officer, the officer had better be separated from the legal and audit departments, and the officer needs to be under control by a board instead of an internal auditor. Besides, the compliance officer is recommended to be separated from a person directly in charge of the compliance work. In the case, the paper suggests that there be no qualification on the compliance officer, but the person in charge of the compliance affairs be a lawyer including a foreign lawyer. Second, with regard to the scope of the system and a legal basis, the scope of the internal control system for a listed company needs to be limited to the compliance of laws and regulations excluding risk management operation. Also, the internal control system had better be obligated not by a statute but by a more flexible rule of Korea Exchange. Third, the study shows how much important the incentives are for more adoption of the compliance system by listed companies by introducing good examples of other countries.
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Downs-Thomson의 역설은 존재하는가? (수도권을 중심으로)
김강수,조혜진,육동형 대한교통학회 2005 대한교통학회지 Vol.23 No.8
Thomson(1977) proposed that the equilibrium status can exist among modes when each mode’s attractivenesses’ are equal. His theories’ key point is that when the equilibrium status is achieved the additional investment for individual car user such as constructing more roads or widening the existing roads, can lead to more congestion. That’s the so called ‘Downs-Thomson’s Paradox.This paper is intended to demonstrate that the paradox is applicable to Seoul Metropolitan area. Before doing that job, we reviewed Downs-Thomson’s paradoxes related papers such as Mogridge's (1985) research for London case, and Seung Jea-Lee’s(2004) research for Seoul.In conclusion, the equilibrium status that Thomson proposed can‘t be applied to Seoul Metropolitan area, because the suppressed demand’s behaviour is different from real situation and that of in the theory. Thomson(1977)은 수단간 균형상태가 여러 교통 수단간에도 존재할 수 있음을 주장하였다. 즉, 특정 기종점간의 개인교통수단과 대중교통수단의 매력도(attractiveness)가 이용자 균형상태의 각 경로들의 통행시간 균형처럼 각 수단간에도 균형이 존재 할 수 있음을 제안하였으며, Mogridge(1985)는 이를 실제로 통행시간의 측면에서 런던과 파리의 예를 들어 균형상태가 존재함을 증명해 보았다.본 연구에서는 각 수단간의 균형상태가 존재하는가에 대한 실증적 예를 수도권을 대상으로 파악해보고 교통 정책적 관점에서 이를 어떻게 해석할 수 있는가에 대한 시사점을 알아보았다. 결론적으로 서울을 기점으로 거리별로 대중교통수단과 승용차의 통행시간 비율과 수단분담율을 분석한 결과 균형이론의 밑바탕이 되는 승용차 억제수요의 행태변화가 이론과 실제가 상이하여 현실에서는 Thomson의 균형이론이 성립하기 어려운 것으로 판명되었다.
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