Porcine Ryanodine Receptor 유전자의 Mutation 을 확인하기 위한 Double Tube Allele Specific Pimer PCR 의 이용

김철욱,조광근,최윤재,박외선,권은정 ( C . W . Kim,K . K . Cho,Y . J . Choi,W . S . Park,E . J . Kwon ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.3

A double tube allele specific PCR assay was developed for a rapid and accurate detection of the porcine Ryanodine receptor genotypes using the allele specific pimer PCR. The assay, a modification of Zinovieva` single tube allele specific(STAS) PCR, reduced significantly primer dieter artificial band and determined allelic variations in simple, accurate and cost-effective ways. PCR primers were designed as followed ; two allele-specific `internal` primers[Int 1 for the normal allele N 5`-AGTAATGAGATCTTGGTTGGA(G→T)CG-3`, Int 2 for the mutant allele n : 5`-GTGCAATGGTGTGGCCG (T→C)GT-3`] were recognized with their 3`nucleotide the allelic variation. In order to increase the allele specific annealing an additional mismatch at position 3 from the 3` end of each primer was introduced. The common `external` primers(Ext 1, Ext 2) were located at different distances from the point mutation(nt 1843, C→T), so that different fragment lengths were generated for each allele. In the case of the gene, in normal(NN) and mutant (nn) homozygotes, only one fragment of 533 by or 823 bp, respectively, was amplified, whereas in heterozygotes (Nn) both fragments were detected. Independently from the genotype, an additional product(1312 bp) of the common `external` primers was amplified in. the single tube method. The use of the allele specific PCR for detecting allelic nucleotide exchanges offers some obvious advantages the presence of restriction endonuclease sites is not required and the allelic variations are visualized by simple agarose gel electrophoresis. As compared with the PCR-RFLP this modified method is simple, reliable and time and cost effective and thus can be applied in large scale to establish the program for testing and removal of the genes associated with the breeding of swine.

種牡豚의 經濟形質에 對한 相對的 經濟價 推定

金哲旭,金佑龍 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1989 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.2 No.-

1. 본 연구는 1692두의 경매돈의 낙찰가를 분석하여 종모돈의 경매가에 미치는 경제적인 중요도를 살펴보고자 실시하였다. 2. 검정종료후 경매된 종모돈의 일당증체량은 905.7±2.6g이였고, 사료요구율은 2.68±0.005였으며 등지방두께는 1.74±0.008cm, 선발지수는 181.2±0.39, 경매가는 702,500원이였다. 3. 품종별 일당증체량은 Yorkshire종과 Duroc종이 높았으며, 사료요구율은 Yorkshire종이 좋았으며 등지방두께는 Landrace종과 Hampshire종이 얇았다. 4. 종모돈의 경매가에 미치는 일당증체량, 사료요구율, 등지방두께의 상대적 중요도는 각각 98.5, 100, 44.7이였다. 5. 연도별 사료요구율의 중요도가 높아졌으며 상대적으로 일당증체량과 등지방두께의 중요도는 낮아지는 경향이였다. 1. The objects of this study was to estimate the relative economic values of the performance tested boars. The boars used in this study were 1,692 heads of boars performance tested at the Korea Swine testing Station from January, 1985 to September, 1988. 2. The overall means and standard errors be studied traits were as follows, 905.7±2.6g for average daily gain, 2.68±0.05 for Feed Consumtion Rate, 1.74±0.08cm for Back Fat thickness and 702,500 won for auction Price, respectively. 3. Yorkshire and Duroc breeds was more average daily gain than Hampahire and Landrace breeds. Landrace and Hampahire breeds was thin backfat. 4. Relative economic values of the three economic traits(Average dairy gain, Feed consumtion rate and Backfat thickness) was 98.5, 100 and 44.7, respectively. 5. Economic value for Feed consumtion rate was increased every year.

재래돼지(Korea Native Pigs) 특이 genetic marker와 육질 연관성 분석

김철욱,여정수,조광근,진상근,오명곤,박준규,권은정,홍연희,김지현,이보경,박다혜,김재우,이지홍 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구는 재래돼지 특이적인 marker를 개발하고 이들 marker와 육질과의 연관성을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험동물로 재래돼지와 랜드레이스 각각 30두씩 총 60두를 사용하였으며, 품종 특이 marker를 찾기 위하여 4번과 7번 염색체에 존재하는 총 60개의 microsatellite를 이용하여 PCR (polymerase chain reaction)을 수행하였다. PCR 증폭은 형광물질 Fam과 Hex, Ned로 표지된 한쌍의 microsatellite primer를 이용하였으며, 형광물질로 표식된 PCR 산물은 Genetic Analyzer ABI 310으로 전기영동하여 대립 유전자를 규명하고 통계 분석하였다. 대립 유전자에 대한 통계 분석 결과 총 60개의 microsatellite중 27개가 다양한 유전적 다형현상을 보이는 대립 유전자가 증폭되었으며 (p<0.05), 특히 SW1364와 SW445, SW1369, SWR773 microsatellite의 증폭 산물에서 재래돼지와 랜드레이스 두 품종간을 구분할 수 있는 품종 특이적인 대립 유전자를 확인하였다 (p<0.01). 또한 육질에 영향을 미치는 유전적 marker를 얻기 위해 60두 전체에 대한 육색, 지방색, 지방산 조성, 콜레스테롤 함량, 연도와 경도에 대한 육질 분석을 실시하여 육질 형질과 marker와의 연관성을 분석한 결과 육질 형질에 영향을 미치는 28개 marker를 확인하였으며, 육색과 지방색에 연관된 4개, 조직감과 연관된 10개의 marker를 확인하였다. 이렇게 선발된 marker들은 고급육 생산을 위한 돼지의 유전적 개량을 위하여 유용하게 이용될 수 있다. This study was conducted to develop Korean native pig-specific DNA markers and analyze its relativity with meat quality using 30 of Korean native pigs and Landraces, respectively. To find species-specific DNA markers, we selected and tested a total of 60 microsatellite markers on the 4 and 7 chromosome using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR amplification was carried out by microsatellite primer pairs labeled with fluorescent Fam, Hex and Ned. The fluorescent labeled PCR products were electrophoresed with Genetic Analyzer ABI 310 followed by the allelic and statistical analysis. According to the allelic frequency annalysis, of the 60 microsatellite markers 27 were preduced with a variety of genetic polymorphic alleles (p<0.05). Especially, alleles of SW1364, SW445, SW1369 and SWR773 microsatellite markers were identified to be species-specific markers between two breeds (p<0.01). To analyze the meat quality we determined the meat color, fat color, fat composition, cholesterol contents and hardness, and compared these characteristics with the alleles of 36 species-specific markers in all pigs. Of the 60 microsatellite markers 28 were found to be related with meat quality; 18 for meat and fat color, 7 for fatty acid, 4 for cholesterol contents and 10 for shear force and hardness. These selected markers will be useful in the genetic improvement of pigs for an excellent meat quality.

자돈체중간의 상관에 관한 연구

김철욱,정현승,김윤환 ( Chul Wook Kim,Hyun Sung Chung,Youn Hwan Kim ) 자 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.8

This study was conducted to estimate the correlation coefficient between pig weights by breeze, parity, furrowing season, duration of pregnancy and sea on the basis of the data obtained from total 2.498 pigs of Landrace, Berkshire and Yorkshire born from 1982 to 1983 at the livestock station, Gyeongsang Nam-do. The data were analyzed by the SPSS package program(Nie, 1975) and Miller`s method C 1983) and the results obtained were as follows: In correlation coefficients between pig weights by breed, the correlation coefficients between pig weight, at birth(PWB) and pig weight at 21 days(PW21) in Berkshire were significantly (p$lt;.05) higher than these in Yorkshire and PW21 in Berkshire seemed to increase more as PWB was heavier. though the correlation coefficient between PW21 and Pig weight at 56days(PW56) was not significantly different (P$lt;.05) between breeds, PW21 was more correlated with PW56 than PWB. In correlation coefficients between pig weighte by parity, the correlation coefficient between P1V13 and PW21 was significant different (p$lt;.05) between 7th parity and 1, 4, 5, and 8th parity groups, specially the correlation coefficient between PWB and PW21 in the 7th parity group was .5118, and there was the high correlation between PWB and PW21. The correlation coefficient between PW21 and PW56 was high in the other groups except the first parity and PW56 in parity seemed to increase more as PW21 was heavier. In correlation coefficients between pig weights by furrowing season, though the correlation coefficients between PWB and PW21 and PW56 were nonsignificant differences (p$lt;.051), the correlation coefficient between PW21 and PW56 was significantly (p$lt;.05) higher in the fall and winter-born groups than in the spring and summer born groups. In correlation coefficients between pig weights by duration of pregnancy, the correlation coefficient between PWB and PW21 was significantly different (p$lt;.05) between the 110 days group and the 111 days group and was not significant (p$lt;.05) between the other groups. The correlation coefficient between PWB and PW56 was significantly (p$lt;.05) higher with .6840 and .5935 in the 111 days and 119 days groups than in the other groups, and the correlation coefficient between PW21 and PW56 was significant differences (p$lt;.05) between the 112 days group and the 110 days groups. The correlation coefficient in the 112 days group was the highest with .7275. In correlation coefficients between pig weights by sex, the correlation coefficients between PWB and PW21 and PW56 were significantly (p$lt;.05) higher in the male group than in the female group. Specially, PW21 was more correlated with PW56 than PWB. From the results summarized as above, it could be inferred that PWB be more correlated with PW21 than PW56, and PW56 seem to increase more as PW21 was heavier because there was the more correlation between PW21 and PW56.

돼지 품종별 specific DNA marker에 관한 연구

김철욱 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1998 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.11 No.-

본 연구에서는 종돈의 순수성을 식별할 수 있는 DNA marker를 개발하기 위해 최근에 많이 이용되고 있는 PCR-RAPD 분석법을 수행하였다. 우선 대한양돈협회 제 2 종돈 능력검정소에서 검정합격된 Duroc, Landrace, 그리고 Yorkshire종으로부터 EDTA-coated tube에 혈액을 채취하였다. 채취한 혈액은 Wizard genomic DNA purification kits와 phenol solution을 이용한 분리방법으로 순수한 genomic DNA를 분리할 수 있었다. 그리고 최적 PCR 조건을 맞춘 후, 50개 primer pairs를 이용하여 DNA sample의 PCR 분석을 수행하여 그 결과를 2% agarose gel 전기영동으로 확인하였다. 대부분의 primer pairs의 경우에는 polymorphism을 확인할 수 없었으며, 50개 primer pairs중 2개에서 Duroc에 8개, Landracedp 9개, 그리고 Yokshire에 7개의 polymorphic band를 확보할 수 있었다. 품종별 polymorphic band는 여러번의 반복적인 PCR test를 거쳐서 재현성있게 나타났으므로 품종의 순수성을 판별할 DNA marker로서 활용할 수 있을 것이다. This study was carried out to develop DNA markers that potentially can be used for identification of major pig breeds, using PCR-RAPD that are widely used for this kind of purposes. Blood samples were collected in EDTA coated tubes from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorshire pigs that had passed the test of the Korea Swine Association Second Tesitng Station. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood using a commercial genomic DNA purification kit and phenol solutions. After estabilishment of optimizing PCR condition, PCR amplification of the DNA samples was performed using 50 primer pairs, followed by 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Twelve primer pairs out of 50 that had been tested yielded 8, 9 and 7, breed-specific polymorphic bands for Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, respectively. These polymorphic bands, as DNA markers, should be useful for determination of genetic purity line of each of above pig breeds.

돼지의 번식형질에 대한 유전 및 환경적 효과 상호작용에 관한 연구

김철욱,강대진,박충생 ( C . H . Kim,D . J . Kang,C . S . Park ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the main effects and interactions of breed, furrowing season and parity on swine reproductive traits: litter size at birth and weaning, pig and litter weight at birth, 21 days and weaning on the basis of the data obtained from 1047 litters of Berkshire and Landrace born from 1976 to 1980 at Sacheon Branch, National Livestock Station. The data were analysized by the least square method and results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Landrace was heavier by 10% in litter weight at weaning, 17% in litter weight at 21 days, 10% in litter weight at birth, 23% in pig weight at 21 days than Berkshire. 2. The effect of breed for each litter weight and pig weight at 21 days was highly significant at 1% level. 3. The effect of furrowing year was highly significant for all the traits studied without any consistent pattern as the year passed. 4. The reproductive performance of the pigs born in the spring was significantly higher (p$lt;.001) than that in the fall except for the pig weight and litter size at weaning. 5. The litter size at birth or weaning was significantly larger (.1%) in the groups of the 2nd to 6th parity than in the other groups. All the body weight traits studied were significantly (.1%) superior in the 2nd 4th, the 5th - 6th, the 7th and over, and the 1st parity in that order. 6. The pig weight at weaning in Berkshire was significantly heavier in the spring-born group. The litter size at weaning and litter weight at birth in Landrace was significantly higher in the spring-born groups than in the fall-born ones. 7. The effect of breed x parity interaction was nonsignificant for the traits studied.

돼지의 仔豚體重間의 相關에 관한 硏究

金哲旭,鄭鉉丞 진주산업대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

本 硏究는 慶尙南道 種畜場에서 1982年부터 1983年까지 2年間 分娩한 Landrace, Berkshire 및 Yorkshire種의 仔豚 總 2,498頭에 대한 仔豚體重成績을 근거로 SPSS Package Program을 이용하여 品種, 産次, 分娩季節, 姙娠期間 및 性別에 따라 仔豚體重間의 相關係數를 推定하였던 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 品種別 仔豚體重間의 相關에 있어서는 Birkshire種에 있어서 生時體重과 21日齡體重間의 相關係數가 Yorkshire種의 것보다 有意的으로(p<.05)높아 Birkshire種의 仔豚은 生時體重이 무거울수록 21日齡體重이 增加될 수 있는 것 같다. 21日齡體重과 56日齡體重間의 相關係數는 品種間에는 아무런 差異가 없었지만 生時體重보다는 21日齡體重이 56日齡體重과 더 큰 相關이 있었다. 産次別 仔豚體重間의 相關에 있어서는 生時體重과 21日齡體重間의 相關係數는 7産次와 1·4·5·8産次間에는 有意的인(p<.05) 差異가 있었고, 특히 7産次에 있어서 相關係數가 .5118로 生時體重과 21日齡體重間에는 밀접한 相關이 있었다. 21日齡體重과 56日齡體重間의 相關係數는 1産次를 除外한 나머지 産次群에서 모두 높게 나타나 21日齡體重이 무거울수록 56日齡體重이 增加될 수 있는 것 같다. 分娩季節別 生時體重과 21日齡體重·56日齡體重間의 相關係數는 季節間에 아무런 差異가 없었지만 21日齡體重과 56日齡體重間의 相關係數가 가을과 겨울群이 봄과 여름群에서 보다 有意的(p<.05)으로 높았다. 姙娠期間別 仔豚體重間의 相關에 있어서는 生時體重과 21日齡體重間의 相關係數가 110日과 111日群間에서 有意的(p<.05)으로 差異가 있었고 나머지 群에서는 差異가 없었다. 生時體重과 56日齡體重間의 相關係數는 111日과 119日群에서 각각 .6840과 .5935로 다른 群보다 有意的으로 높았고 21日齡體重과 56日齡體重間의 相關係數에서는 112日과 110日群에서 有意的인 差異가 있었고 112日群에서 相關係數가 .7275로서 가장 높았다. 性別에 있어서 生時體重과 21日齡體重, 56日齡體重間의 相關係數가 암컷보다 수컷에서 有意的으로 높게 나타났다. 이상과 같은 結果를 종합적으로 검토해 보면 生時體重은 56日齡體重보다 21日齡體重과 더 相關이 높고 21日齡體重과 56日齡體重間의 더 높은 相關이 있기 때문에 21日齡體重이 무거우면 무거울수록 56日齡體重이 增加되어지는 것으로 생각할 수 있다. This study was conducted to estimate the correlation coefficient between pig weights by breed, parity, farrowing season, duration of pregnancy and sex on the basis of the data obtained from total 2,498 pigs of Landrace, Birkshire and Yorkshire born from 1982 to 1983 at the livestock station, Gyeongsang Nam-do. The data were analyzed by the SPSS package program(Nie, 1975) and Miller's method(1983) and the results obtained were as follows: In correlation coefficients between pig weights by breed, the correlation coefficients between pig weights at birth(PWB) and pig weight at 21 days(PW21) in Birkshire were significantly(p<.05) higher than that in Yorkshire and PW21 in Birkshire seemed to increase more as PWB was heavier. Though the correlation coefficient between PW21 and Pig weight 56days(PW56) was nonsignificant differences(p>.05) between breeds, PW21 was more correlated with PW56 than PWB. In correlation coefficients between pig weights by parity, the correlation coefficient between PWB and PW21 was significant differences(p<.05) between 7th parity and 1, 4, 5 and 8th parity groups, specially the correlation coefficient between PWB and PW21 in the 7th parity group was .5118, and there was the high correlation between PWB and PW21. The correlation coefficient between PW21 and PW56 was high in the other groups except the first parity and PW56 in parity seemed to increase more as PW21 was heavier. In correlation coefficients between pig weights by farrowing season, though the correlation coefficients between PWB and PW21 and PW56 were nonsignificant differences(p>.05), the correlation coefficient between PW21 and PW 56 was significantly(p<.05) higher in the fall and winter-born groups than in the spring and summer born groups. In correlation coefficients between pig weights by duration of pregnancy, the correlation coefficient between PWB and PW21 was significant differences(p<.05) between the 110 days group and the 111 days group and nonsignificant(p>.05) between the other groups. The correlation coefficient between PWB and PW56 was significantly(p<.05) higher with .6840 and .5935 in the 11 days and 119 days groups than in the other groups, and the correlation coefficient between PW21 and PW56 was significant differences(p<.05) between the 112 days group and the 110 days groups. The correlation coefficient in the 112 days group was the highest with .7275. In correlation coefficients between pig weights by sex, the correlation coefficients between PWB and PW21 and PW56 were significantly(p<.05) higher in the male group than in the female group. Specially, PW 21 was more correlated with PW56 than PWB. From the results summarized as above, it could be inferred that PWB be more correlated with PW21 than PW56, and PW56 seem to increase more as PW21 was heavier because there was the more correlation between PW21 and PW56.

多排卵과 受精卵 移植에 의한 젖소 産乳能力의 遺傳的 變化에 관한 硏究

金哲旭 진주산업대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

최근 수정란 이식기술이 발달됨에 따라 능력이 특히 우수한 젖소로부터 짧은 기간에 우수한 독우를 많이 생산할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 다배란과 수정란 이식(multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, MOET)에 의한 육종계획을 수립하고자 하였다. 다배란과 수정란 이식에 의한 육종계획을 수립함에 있어서 세대간격이 약 1.83년인 MOET 1과 약 3.67년인 MOET 2 방법을 설정하고 computer model simulation을 이용하여 암소와 수소 선발을 dam, full-sibs, half-sibs의 비유정보, 그리고 혈연정보를 첨가한 selection index에 의해 실시하여 가장 우수한 선발방법을 구명하고자 하였으며, 실제 가능한 여러 가지 조합에서 젖소 산유 능력의 유전적 변화량과 근친율을 분석하였고, 그리고 년간 수정란 이식수의 증가에 따른 MOET 1과 MOET 2방법의 효율적인 활용범위를 결정하였다. 산유량의 유전력 25%, 숫소당 공란우 수 20마리, 공란우당 수정란 이식수 20개로 설정한 경우에서 dam Ⅰ, dam Ⅱ, dam Ⅰ+ dam Ⅱ의 기록, 그리고 selection index에 의해 암소와 숫소를 선발할 경우의 선발효과를 비교한 바, selection index로 선발하는 group에서 년간 유전변화량이 가장 우수하였다. 그리고 숫소의 선발 두수는 half-sib당 1마리 선발하는 경우에 유전적 변화량이 가장 높았다. 선발지수에 의한 선발 효과에 있어서 근친율을 고려하지 않을 경우에 MOET 2방법보다 MOET 1방법에서 유전적 변화량이 더 증가하였고, 숫소 당 공란우 수가 많아지고 공란우 당 수정란 이식 수가 많아짐에 따라 유전적 변화량이 높아지는 경향이었고, 또한 수태율과 생존율이 높아짐에 따라 유전적 변화량이 증가되는 경향이었다. 그리고 유전력이 30%일 때의 유전적 변화량은 유전력이 20%일 때보다는 약 36%, 그리고 유전력이 25%일 때 보다는 약 17%나 더 증가되어 유전력이 높아질수록 유전력 변화량이 높아지는 경향이었다. 그리고 유전적 변화량의 증가는 MOET 2보다는 MOET 1에서 더 빠르게 나타났다. 암소와 수소 선발을 MOET 2보다 MOET 1방법에 따라 실시할 때 근친율은 약 4배나 더 증가되었고, 수태율×생존율이 높아짐에 따라, 그리고 공란우두수와 공란우당 수정란 이식수가 증가함에 따라 근친율이 높아진 경향이었다. 년간 수정란 이식의 증가에 따른 MOET 1과 MOET 2방법의 효율적인 활용 범위는 유전력 25%, 수태율 60%, 생존율 80%, 수소당 공란우수 20마리, 그리고 공란우당 수정란 이식수 20개로 설정할 경우에 inbreeding depression을 보정한 유전적 변화량을 평가하면, 년간 수정란 이식수가 약 5,000개 이내 일때는 MOET 2방법에서, 그리고 약 5,000개 이내 일때는 MOET 1방법에서 유전적변화가 더 높았다. MOET 1과 MOET 2의 최대 유전적 개량량은 각각 3.786% 및 3.492%로서 이에 도달되려면 년간 수정란 이식수가 약 50,000개에 도달해야하는 것으로 추정되었다. 년간 수정란 이식수에 따른 MOET 1과 MOET 2의 효율적인 활용범위는 대체적으로 숫소당 공란우 수와 공란우당 수정란 이식수가 적고, 수태율과 생존율이 낮을 경우에는 MOET 1방법을 활용하고, 다배란과 수정란 이식기술의 발달로 숫소당 공란우수와 공란우당 수정란 이식수가 많아지고, 수태율과 생존율이 높아질 때 MOET 2방법을 활용하는 것이 젖소 산유능력을 개량하는데 가장 효율적인 개량방법이 될 것이다. 그리고 숫소당 공란우 수가 10마리, 공란우당 수정란 이식수가 8개, 수태율 70%, 생존율 70%까지 조합에서는 년간 수정란 이식 수의 증가에 관계없이 MOET 1방법이 효율적이었고, 숫소 당 공란우수가 20마리, 공란우당 수정란 이식수가 40개, 수태율 50%, 생존율 70%이상인 조합에서는 년간 수정란 이식수에 관계없이 MOET 2방법이 더 우수하였다. 숫소당 공란우수가 40마리, 공란우당 수정란 이식 수가 20개, 수태율 60%, 생존율 90%이상인 조합에서는 년간 수정란 이식 수에 관계없이 MOET 2방법이 젖소 산유 능력을 개량시키는데 보다 효율적인 방법으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 본 연구의 결과로 미루어 보건대, 앞으로 다배란과 수정란 이식 기술이 발달되어 인공수정처럼 일반화되어진다면 다배란과 수정란 이식에 의한 젖소 개량 방법은 젖소를 개량하는 어떤 육종방법보다는 우수한 육종방법으로 평가되어 젖소 개량에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다. Thanks to the recent technical development of embryo transfer, it has become possible to produce many good offsprings from the genetically superior dairy cattle in a relatively short period. With the help of this technical development, it has been required to establish a breeding plan by use of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer(MOET). In this study, the generation interval of MOET 1 was designed to be about 1.83 years and that of MOET 2 about 3.67 years. And this study has tried to find the best female and male selection method through the computer model simulation among the methods using dam Ⅰ's lactation records, dam Ⅱ's lactation records, dam Ⅰ+dam Ⅱ's lactation records, and the selection index which includes the lactation records and the relative information: has analyzed through the computer model simulation the genetic change in milk yield and inbreeding rate under the various feasible combinations : and has fixed the relatively more efficient range of MOET 1 or MOET 2 breeding schemes according to the number of annual embryos transferred. Under the condition that the heritability for milk yield is 25% the number of donors per male is 20, and the number of embryos transferred per donor is 20, the efficiency of selection effects by dam Ⅰ, dam Ⅱ, dam Ⅰ+dam Ⅱ's lactation records, and the selection index was compared among them, the annual genetic change by the selection index was the greatest. And the genectic change was found to be greater than that from selection schemes of 2 males per half-sib or 1 or 2 males per full-sib when one male per half-sib is selected. When the inbreeding depression was not considered in the effect of the selection by the selection index, the genetic change in MOET 1 scheme was greater than that in MOET 2 scheme ; the larger becomes the number of embryos transferred per donor, the greater the genetic change ; the higher becomes the value of the conception rate × the survival rate, the greater the genetic change. When the heritability was assumed to be 30%, the genetic change was estimted to be about 36% greater than when h was 20%, and about 17% greater than when h was 25%. So it could be concluded that the greater genetic change result from the higher heritable traits in this breeding scheme. And the genetic change increased more rapidly in MOET 1 than in MOET 2. The inbreeding rate of the group selected by MOET 1 breeding scheme was found 4 times higher than that by MOET 2. The higher becomes the value of the conception rate × the survival rate, and the larger the number of donors and the embryos transferred per donor, the higher the inbreeding rate tends to become. Under the condition that the heritability was assumed to be 25%, the conception rate 60%, the survival rate 80%, the number of donors per male 20, the number of embryos transferred per donor 20, the annual genetic gain after the inbreeding depression was corrected, was higher in MOET 2 breeding scheme when the number of annual embryos transferred was smaller than 5,000; when the number was larger than 5,000 a higher annual genetic gain was avilable from MOET 1 breeding scheme. The maximum genetic gains were estimated to be 3.786% and 3.492% from MOET 1 and MOET 2 scheme, respectively, when the number of annual embryos transferred reached about 50,000 in both the scheme. In the combinations where the number of donors per male and embryos transferred per donor was small and the conception rate and the survival rate were low, MOET 1 breeding scheme was more effective genetic change. When the number of donors per male and embryos transferred per donor(could be larger and the conception rate and the survival rate higher) thourgh the improved technology for multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, MOET 2 was considered to be the more effective scheme in improving the milk yield of dairy cattle. And in the combinations where the number of donors per male was 10, the number of embryos transferred per donor was 8, and both the conception rate and the survival rate were lower than 70%, MOET 1 breeding scheme was considered to be more effective regardless of the number of annual embryos transferred. In the combinations where the number of donors per male was 20, the number of embryos transferred per donor was 40, the conception rate was higher than 50%, and the survival rate was higher than 70%, however, MOET 2 breeding scheme was found more effective regardless of the number of annual embryos transferred, and also in the combinations where the donors per male were 40, the embryos transferred per donor were 20, the conception rate was higher than 60%, and the survival rate was higher than 90%, without regard to the number of annual embryos transferred, MOET 2 was found to be more effective scheme for improving the milk yield of dairy cattle. From the findings of this study, it could be concluded that if the technology for multiple ovulation and embryo transfer be developed to be useful as A1 technique in dairy breeding, the breeding scheme using MOET and selection index will be avilable more effectively tnan the conventional progeny testing for the improvement of dairy cattle.

다중 센서 융합을 위한 무인항공기 물리 오프셋 검보정 방법

김철욱,임평채,지준화,김태정,이수암,Kim, Cheolwook,Lim, Pyeong-chae,Chi, Junhwa,Kim, Taejung,Rhee, Sooahm 대한원격탐사학회 2022 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.38 No.6

In an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) system, a physical offset can be existed between the global positioning system/inertial measurement unit (GPS/IMU) sensor and the observation sensor such as a hyperspectral sensor, and a lidar sensor. As a result of the physical offset, a misalignment between each image can be occurred along with a flight direction. In particular, in a case of multi-sensor system, an observation sensor has to be replaced regularly to equip another observation sensor, and then, a high cost should be paid to acquire a calibration parameter. In this study, we establish a precise sensor model equation to apply for a multiple sensor in common and propose an independent physical offset estimation method. The proposed method consists of 3 steps. Firstly, we define an appropriate rotation matrix for our system, and an initial sensor model equation for direct-georeferencing. Next, an observation equation for the physical offset estimation is established by extracting a corresponding point between a ground control point and the observed data from a sensor. Finally, the physical offset is estimated based on the observed data, and the precise sensor model equation is established by applying the estimated parameters to the initial sensor model equation. 4 region's datasets(Jeon-ju, Incheon, Alaska, Norway) with a different latitude, longitude were compared to analyze the effects of the calibration parameter. We confirmed that a misalignment between images were adjusted after applying for the physical offset in the sensor model equation. An absolute position accuracy was analyzed in the Incheon dataset, compared to a ground control point. For the hyperspectral image, root mean square error (RMSE) for X, Y direction was calculated for 0.12 m, and for the point cloud, RMSE was calculated for 0.03 m. Furthermore, a relative position accuracy for a specific point between the adjusted point cloud and the hyperspectral images were also analyzed for 0.07 m, so we confirmed that a precise data mapping is available for an observation without a ground control point through the proposed estimation method, and we also confirmed a possibility of multi-sensor fusion. From this study, we expect that a flexible multi-sensor platform system can be operated through the independent parameter estimation method with an economic cost saving.

학술발표회 : 육종 ( 구두발표 ) ; 동원체지수 및 상대적길이에 의한 돼지의 품종별 핵형분석`

김철욱,손시환,김형균,오하식 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 1994 한국축산학회 심포지움자료집 Vol.- No.-