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Self- and Cross-compatibility of Some Apricot Cultivars (Prunus armeniaca L.)
Kyeong-Ho Chung(정경호),Ji-Hae Jun(전지혜),Sang-Bouk Jeong(정상복) 한국원예학회 2004 원예과학기술지 Vol.22 No.3
우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 살구 품종들에 대한 자가 및 타가화합성 여부를 알아보기 위하여 2000년부터 3년 동안 18 살구 품종에 대한 자가 빛 타가화합성 및 화분 관련 특성을 평가하였다. 1화당 화분립 수는 ‘초하’ 5.75 × 10⁴개에서 ‘평화’ 8.37 × 10³개로 살구 품종에 따라 상당한 차이를 보였으나 유럽계 품종군과 동아시아계 품종군간에는 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 1화당 불건전 화분립수는 ‘Goldrich’ 2.30 × 10⁴개에서 ‘Goldcot’ 2.70 × 10²개로 품종간에 차이를 나타내었으나 어느 품종에서나 불건전 화분이 관찰되었다. 화분 발아율은 ‘Goldcot’, ‘Royal’, ‘Tirynthos’, ‘World Peach’에서는 10% 이상으로 높은 편이었으나 ‘NY 458’, ‘산형 3호’에서는 1% 이하로 낮았다. ‘초하’, ‘Early Orange’, ‘광도대실’, ‘Ivonne Liverani’, ‘Royal’, ‘Tirynthos’ 등을 제외한 다른 품종에서는 자가 결실률이 5% 이하로 낮아 안정적인 결실을 위해서는 수분수 품종의 혼식이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 현재 재배중이거나 앞으로 전망이 밝은 7개 품종에 대한 타가화합성을 평가한 결과 타가결실률은 20% 이상으로 품종간에 특별한 타가불화합성은 나타나지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 ‘Choha’ × ‘Chinese’, ‘Harcot’ × ‘Chinese’ 교배조합에서는 타가결실률이 낮았던 원인에 대하여서는 앞으로의 추가적인 검토가 필요하였다. Self- and cross-compatibility, and the pollen-related characteristics of 18 apricot cultivars were evaluated at National Horticultural Research Institute, Suwon for three blooming seasons from 2000 to 2002. Although the number of normal pollen grains per flower ranged from 5.75 X 10⁴ in ‘Choha’ to 8.37 × 10³ in ‘Heiwa’, the numbers did not show any clear differences according to ecological group of apricot. Abnormal pollen grains per flower ranging from 2.30 × 10⁴ in ‘Goldrich’ to 2.70 × 10² in ‘Goldcot’ were frequently observed in all cultivars. The percentage of pollen germination was high in ‘Goldcot’, ‘Royal’, ‘Tirynthos’, ‘World Peach’ more than 10%, while low in . ‘NY 458’ and ‘Yamagata No.3’ less than 1 %. Many cultivars excepting ‘Choha’, ‘Early Orange’, ‘Hiroshimaoomi’, ‘Ivonne Liverani’, ‘Royal’, and ‘Tirynthos’ showed low self-compatibility, less than 5% in the percentage of fruit set. Therefore, co-planting with pollinizer cultivars was recommended for the stable fruit set. Seven major or promising cultivars under Korean climatic condition showed enough cross-compatibility with 9 cultivars, over than 20% as the percentage of fruit set. However, low percentage of fruit set in the combination ‘Choha’ × ‘Chinese’, ‘Harcot’ × ‘Chinese’ was observed and therefore the further evaluation will be required.
정경호(Kyeong Ho Chung),남은영(Eun Young Nam),권정현(Jung Hyun Kwon),허윤영(Youn Young Hur),권순일(Soon Il Kwon),김윤경(Yoon Kyeong Kim),마경복(Kyeong Bok Ma),윤수현(Su Hyun Yun),이목희(Mock Hee Lee),박영식(Young Sik Park),이석호(Seo 한국육종학회 2020 한국육종학회지 Vol.52 No.S
Although small-scaled breeding programs for apples, pears, and grapes were conducted in the 1930s and 1940s, national fruit breeding programs by the Korean government were commenced after the foundation of the National Horticultural Technical Institute on May 20, 1953, and the programs were confined to apples and pears. Peach and grape breeding programs were started after the establishment of Rural Development Administration (RDA), with the Horticultural Experiment Station as its affiliated research organization in 1962. However, because of insufficiencies in breeding infrastructure, manpower, and funds during the 1960s and 1970s, most efforts were devoted to the collection and selection of wild Akebia and Actinidia, local varieties of astringent persimmons, jujube, and apricot, and adaptability tests of foreign fruit varieties. Fruit breeding programs became more activate with the establishment of the Apple Research Institute, the Pear Research Institute and the Citrus Research Institute as subsidiary organizations of the Fruit Research Institute, RDA, in 1991, and with Fruit Experiment Stations for grapes, persimmons, and peaches as affiliated provincial research organizations in early 1990s to cope with the domestic agricultural market opened by Uruguay Round Agreements. The legislation of the Seed Industry Law in 1995 and joining the UPOV in 2002 contributed to fruit breeding activation in the private sector. The results of such breeding programs include the development of the ‘Danbae’ pear as the first fruit variety in 1967, the ‘Yumyong’ peach in 1977, the ‘Hongro’ apple, and the ‘Cheongsoo’ grape. After the Korea-Chile FTA, effective in 2004, research projects for the development of molecular markers linked to disease resistance in fruit trees and seedless grapes have been carried out to improve the competitiveness of the Korean fruit industry. However, the establishment of a molecular breeding system based on genome sequence information and collaboration among research organizations are required for competition in domestic and foreign fresh fruit markets. In this review, we analyze the achievement from the fruit breeding programs operated by central and local autonomous governments since 1945, and propose future directions and strategies.