조선시대(朝鮮時代) 검사(劒士)의 문학적(文學的) 형상화(形象化)에 대한 고찰(考察)

조혁상 ( Cho Hyuk-sang ) 한국한문학회 2017 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.0 No.65

본고에서는 검술에 능통한 武臣과 義俠, 그리고 劒僧의 일화를 중점적으로 소개하여, 그 유형을 분석하면서 그 안에 나타난 劒士의 문학적 형상화에 주목하고자 한다. 劒士의 劒은 기본적으로 나라를 지키는 護國劒과 正義로움을 행하는 義劒이라는 두 가지 의상을 지니며, 이러한 면모가 드러난 刀劍文學 작품은 刀劒과 國防意識, 그리고 刀劒과 義俠心의 상관관계를 문학적으로 형상화하고자한 작가의식의 산물이라 단정지을 수 있다. 또, 검사가 僧侶일 경우에는, 호국검과 의검의 의상과는 별개로 隱逸者의 孤劒과 惡人의 邪劒적인 의상이 표출된다. 한편, 기타 검사들의 경우에는 復?의 화신인 검사의 형상이 부각되기도 한다. 한편, 상기 소개한 여러 야담 및 傳에서 懲罰者인 무신 및 의협에게 징벌당하는 악인의 유형은, 奴僕·盜賊·乾達·僧侶 등 다양한 양상으로 존재한다. 심지어는 사람이 아닌 존재인 악한 鬼神까지도 등장하여 무인에 의해 징벌당하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그런데 조선시대의 검사에 대한 문학적 형상화의 여러 면모를 총체적으로 검토해보면, 검술 자체보다는 검술을 행하는 검사에 대한 형상화에 초점을 맞추는 문학적 시각이 두드러지게 나타난다. 이러한 부분은, 검이라는 기물 자체의 성능보다는 검의 소장자와 사용자가 누구냐에 따라 검의 가치를 결정했던 조선시대 士人들의 보검에 대한 관념과도 일맥상통한다. 이같은 점이 바로 도검을 소재 및 제재로 사용하는 조선의 도검문학이 지닌 공통적 관념이라 정의내릴 수 있다. This paper shows various kinds of storeis about Korean traditional swordsmen(劍士) during JoSeon dynasty. Some of generals, military officers (武臣), and chivalrous fighters used swords. Most of their swords had two images - the patriotic guardian sword(護國劒) and the justice sword(義劒). These two images are reflected in the Sword literature(刀劍文學), which shows the link between the sword and patriotism and the link between the sword and justice. In addition, some of the monks also became a swordsman(劒僧). Most of their swords had two images - the sword of loneliness(孤劒) and the sword of evil(邪劒). Sometimes, these swordsmen became the punishers(懲 罰者) or the avengers(復?者) who are fighting for revenge. Typical enemies of the korean swordsmen were bad servants, thieves, gangsters and wicked monks. The swordsman literature not just focuses on sword fighting skills but also on the swordsmen themselves. These are unique characteristics of the Korean Sword Literature.

조선조 검무시(劒舞詩) 연구

조혁상 ( Cho Hyuk-sang ) 한국예술종합학교 세계민족무용연구소 2004 민족무용 Vol.5 No.-

This thesis is made for examining the subject of Geommu Poems among the Korean Chinese Poems(Korean Poems written by Chinese characters) in Joseon Dinasty period. Geommu Poem is written by SaDaeBu(Korean gentleman class. YangBan) who saw HwangChangmu · GeomGimu(the Sword Dancing peculiar to Korea), and the sorts are divided into two parts: HwangChangnang Geommu Poem and Official Dancing girl Geommu Poem. HwangChangnang Geommu Poem does generally extol HwangChangnang's courage and his sword dance skill(he was the famous boy assassin in Silla Dinasty period). Official Dancing girl Geommu Poem describes the scene of sword dance which was demonstrated in a big party. The most of the Geommu Poems is rightly Official Dancing girl Geommu Poem, and it contains the various descriptions of official dancing girl's sword dance, the real facts of a party, and the impression of a poet who saw the sword dance. Geommu of Joseon Dinasty period was enjoyed by the high society(YangBan, SaDaeBu), and it was transmitted by the official girls who were taught in GyoBang. The Official Dancing girls wore korean military officer's combat uniform, demonstrated sword dance in a big party which was held by YangBan, and their sword dance gave inspiration to YangBan. Because of that reason, YangBan wrote the Geommu Poems. Throughout these kinds of Joseon Geommu Poems, we can find some characters: First, the difference of the tendency between HwangChangnang Geommu Poem and Official Dancing girl Geommu Poem. Second, Joseon Geommu Poems were products of observation about Official Dancing girl's Geommu which was high class amusement culture of YangBan). Third, the color of Joseon which was shown in Joseon Geommu Poems. The expressions which admired HwangChangnang's high spirits in Geommu Poem about HwangChangnang, were embodied and diversified in Official Dancing girl Geommu Poem. And these literary works commonly shows the moving of the swords, it is beautiful, fantastic, and variegated. Throughout Geommu, pursuance of the militarism and the description process about the beauty of free sword moving, produced HwangChangnang Geommu Poem and Official Dancing girl Geommu Poem.

조선조 검무(劒舞)의 무술적(武術的) 성격에 대한 고찰

조혁상 ( Cho Hyuk-sang ) 무용역사기록학회 2009 한국무용사학 Vol.10 No.-

Geommu, known as a korean traditional sword performance has been established for a thousand year. Basically, it was originated from a swordsmanship and has been standardized as a taditional dance in Joseon dynasty. Especially, HwangChangnang`s Geommu(황창랑 검무) which is based on the original form of Kinye-Geommu of Joseon, was developed from the dance of young assassin, HwangChangnang in Shilla dynasty. The original form of HwangChangnang`s Geommu has a basis on a Double Sword Dance (DSD) with two One Hand Swords. For instance, most of WhanDuDae-Do(환두대도) in Shilla dynasty was a One Hand Sword, and HwangChangnang`s Geommu was a DSD. This indicates that sword fighting skills with a Double Sword was existed in Shilla dynasty, and it was reflected to characteristics of martial arts about HwangChangnang`s Geommu. As HwangChangnang`s Geommu was transferred to KiNye-Geommu, the purpose of Geommu has also changed from a martial arts training to a dance performance. However, the basic characteristics of martial arts about Geommu was still remained as sword dance skills, and it represents the traditional korean double sword culture. A detailed description of KiNye-Geommus can be found in a korean heritage, Geommu Poem. Throughout this, we can have a bettter understanding on the characteristics of martial arts based on the Geommu in Joseon dynasty. Milyang Geommu(밀양검무), which has been descended till now, demonstrates a strong characteristics of korean traditonal martial arts. Kim Eun Hee, who has researched for many years on the history of Milyang Geomm; from Ki Nyes of Milyang Kwon-Bun(KiNye federation) changes the sword of Geommu to So-Do(a dagger), and re-estalishes the 18th Geom-Mu skills which based on < GeommuKi >(검무기) of Park Je-Ka. Milyang Geommu`s skills are quite aggresive and similar to a real swordsmanship compared to the other generation of Geommus.

朝鮮朝 寅劒의 象徵性 硏究

趙赫相(Cho, Hyuk sang) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2007 군사 Vol.- No.62

조선후기(朝鮮後期) 사인(士人)의 일본도(日本刀) 인식(認識)에 대한 고찰(考察)

조혁상 ( Hyuk Sang Cho ) 우리한문학회 2009 漢文學報 Vol.20 No.-

대학교(大學校) 교양한문(敎養漢文) 강의(講義)에 대한 소고(小考) - 홍익대학교교양한문(弘益大學校敎養漢文)(초급(初級)) 강의(講義)를 중심(中心)으로 -

趙赫相 ( Cho Hyuk-sang ) 우리한문학회 2020 漢文學報 Vol.42 No.-

This paper explores what constitutes effective educational methods for teaching students the chinese literature as a cultural studies and basic Chinese characters(Gyo-yang han-mun, Ki-Cho han-mun) in universities of the Republic of Korea. First of all, I explain the teaching materials and grades, focusing on the educational status of the School of Liberal Arts and literature courses in HongIk University from 2013 to 2019. Based on this, if we are to discuss the development of Gyo-yang han-mun at this time, we should keep in mind that the first Chinese character writing task is essential for the Gyo-yang han-mun class. Second, the categories of Gyo-yang han-mun lectures should not be limited to simple letter interpretation or text messaging, but should be transformed into those of the overall cultural categories that actively utilize modern media such as movies and cartoons. Third, foreign students should pay more attention to education and evaluation when they take Gyo-yang han-mun classes.