Sulfate 염과 Sulfonate 염의 활성능에 관한 비교시험

최영숙 한국약제학회 1980 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.10 No.3

This study was performed to compare the activities of sulfate esters and sulfonate salts. (comparison of activities such as detergency, forming, permeation and patient of hard water). The one of the method is the combined use of nonionics and the other is the use of anionics alone. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The sulfonate salts are better soluble than the sulfate esters. 2. The lauryl system is better soluble than the sulfate esters. 3. The alkylol sulfate (CONH-OSO₃H) that is induced amide radical to the fatty acid shows the excellent foaming power and detergency.

원방성폐암의 흉부전산화단층촬영소견과 병기결정

최영숙 대한영상의학회 1990 대한영상의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

This report is a retrospective review of histologically proven 106 primary lung cancer patients treated in the Dept. of Tumor clinic, PMC from Aug. 1986 to May, 1989. The results were as follows : 1. 94 cases were male and 12 cases were female with average age of 57.7 year-old. 2. histologically, the cancers were composes of 50 cases(47.1%) of epidermoid carcinoma, 38cases(35.8%) of adenocarcinoma, 13 cases(12.25) of small cell carcinoma, 5 cases(3.1%) of large cell carcinoma. 3. Generalized symptoms were weight loss, fatigability, fever and headache in the frequency order, And there were chest symptoms such as chest pain, coughing, dyspnea, hemoptysis and sputum production. 4. Lung cancer occurred frequently on the right side than the left one, and on the upper lobes than the lower ones. The occurrence ration between central typed carcinomas and peripheral ones was 2.8:1, and most of them were poorly marginated masses with more than 5cm diameter in average size. 5. Epidermoid carcinomas showed more atelectasis and cavity formations than the other typed carcinomas. Adenocarcinomas showed most common secondary effects of bronchial obstruction such as atelectasis and pneumonia, emphysema and frequent intra-pleural metastasis. There were so early hilar and mediastinal lymph node involvements in the small cell carcinoma cases like as the large cell carcinomas that they showed high degrees of diagnostic staging at the initial time of cancer diagnosis. 6. Most of the patients (911 cases, 85.85) of the primary lung cancer revealed above Stage IIIa. In theses data, we can conclude that the clinical symptoms, characteristics of the CT scanning gical cell typing and to make the therapeutic plants or the primary lung canners.

일본어의 초점 실현과 인토네이션의 구조

최영숙,Choi, Young-Sook 한국음성학회 2002 음성과학 Vol.9 No.4

The purpose of the present study is to see in terms of $F_{0}$ variation in Japanese how discourse focus and the lexical word accent interact with each other in realizing overall intonation patterns. Discourse focus causes prosodic restructuring of phrase structures and, as a result, largely affects pitch contours, whereas the lexical word accent is said to delimit the $F_{0}$ into a certain range. Measurement of $F_{0}$ was made of utterances of Japanese sentences to observe behavior of pitch contours with varied focus assignment and lexical accent specifications. The utterances were obtained in question-answer discourse contexts so that in a sentence, either one NP was always focused or no focus was assigned. I set four points for $F_{0}$ measurement; $F_{1s},F_{1m}, F_{2s}$, and $F_{2m}$, two for each noun phrase corresponding to $F_{0}$ at the beginning of the first syllable and that of the vocalic portion of the second syllable in the two NP's. The results of present study were as follows: (1) for all combination of lexical accent types, the $F_{0}$ rise both in NP1 and NP2 are higher when focused than when not focused. (2) NP2 starts a new accentual phrase when focused, showing even higher $F_{0}$ than NP1, the latter of which implies that in forming a new accentual phrase by focusing, catathesis does not seem to take effect on NP2 preceded by accented NP1. (3) unfocused NP2 preceded by unaccented NP1 has higher $F_{0}$ than those preceded by accented NP1.

내가 기다리는 아이

최영숙 열린전북 2006 열린전북 Vol.2006 No.9

사람 신경모세포종에서 아밀로이드베타(Aß25-35) 투여 후 사립체기능 장애와 세포자멸사 관련 유전자들의 발현

최영숙,김상호 대한노인병학회 2009 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.13 No.3

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in Aβ-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer`s disease (AD). We measured the membrane potentials of mitochondria (△Ψm) and assessed the genetic expressions of Aβ25-35- induced neurotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH cell. Methods: SK-N-SH cells were incubated with a single dose of 25 μM Aβ25-35 for 0-24 hours, and kinetic study was done. △Ψm was measured by flow cytometry. Messenger RNA expressions of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), cytochrome c, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), amyloid-β alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), caspase 9, and Bcl-2 were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Cell death rate was measured by MTT reduction assay. Results: △Ψm was reduced at 24 hours. mRNA expression for COX gradually decreased by about 29%(p<0.05) whileexpressions for cytochrome c, SDH, ABAD, and caspase 9 increased (p<0.05) progressively during the 24-hour time period. Bcl-2 expression decreased (p<0.05) gradually; and apoptotic cell death rate was about 24%(p<0.01) by 24 hours. Conclusion: Extracellular administration of Aβ25-35 contributes directly to mitochondrial dysfunction in SK-N-SH cells with the enzymatic impairment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain, and eventually leading to apoptotic cell death. 연구배경: 사립체 기능부전은 알츠하이머병에서 Aβ에 의하여 유도되는 신경세포독성에 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 본 연구에서는 사람 신경모세포종 세포주인 SK-H-SH에서 Aβ 투여에 의한 사립체 기능과 관련 유전자 및 세포자멸사 유전자들의 발현 정도를 측정하였다. 방법: SK-N-SH에 25 μM의 Aβ25-35를 투여한 후 24시간째 에 사립체의 막전위(△Ψm)변동을 flow cytometry로 측정하였고, COX, cytochrome c, SDH, ABAD, caspase 9 및 Bcl- 2 유전자의 발현 정도를 실시간 역전사 중합효소반응으로 0-24시간까지 kinetic study로 정량하였다. MTT reductionassay로 세포생존율을 측정하였다. 결과: △Ψm은 24시간째에 현저히 감소하였다. COX mRNA는 24시간까지 지속적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), cytochrome c, SDH, ABAD 및 caspase 9 mRNA는 24시간까지 지속적으로 그 발현이 각각 증가(p<0.05)하였다. Bcl-2 의 발현은 24시간까지 서서히 감소(p<0.05)하였다. 세포사망률은 최대 24%이었다(p<0.01). 결론: 세포 밖 Aβ25-35 투여는 SK-N-SH 세포 내 사립체기능을 직접 방해하여 세포자멸사를 유발함을 확인할 수 있었다.

아밀로이드베타단백으로 자극된 사람 별아교세포종에 Ibuprofen 투여 후 세포 내 유전자 발현 탐색

최영숙,은정우,남석우,김상호 대한노인병학회 2011 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.15 No.3

Background: The molecular events leading to the development of sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease(AD) have not been defined. A number of mechanism for the protective effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) in AD have been proposed. We investigated the ibuprofen effect of global gene expression on the amyloid-β25-35(Aβ25-35)-stim ulated human astrocytoma cell. Methods: U373MG, a human astrocytoma cell line, was incubated with 25 μM of aggregated Aβ25-35 or aggregated Aβ25-35 plus 100 μM ibuprofen at 37℃ for 24 hours. Cells treated with ibuprofen alone were used as the negative control. Diffe- rential gene expression analysis was carried out with the Illumina human whole genome microarray. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was also done to validate the gene expression changes. After Welch's t-test, the significant subset of outlier genes were identified by an expression change cut-off 1.5 fold, p<0.05. Kyoto Encyclope- dia of Genes and Genomes database was used for cellular signaling pathway analysis. Results: A total of 371 differentially expressed genes were identified from 16,692 detectable signals in Aβ25-35 peptide stim- ulated U373MG cells- 182 up-regulated genes with 21 biological pathways including biosynthesis of steroid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and focal adhesion and 189 down-regulated genes with 14 biological pathways including transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, axon guidance and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Ibuprofen suppressed the up-regulated expression of immunity/inflammation(especially, SERPINE1), signal pathway, metabolism and cancer-related genes. The expression of microarray data was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion: Aggregated Aβ25-35 induces expression of widespread transcriptional alterations, namely 21 functional groups 182 up-regulated genes and 14 functional groups 189 down-regulated genes in U373MG cells. Ibuprofen, a commonly used NSAID, suppressed Aβ25-35-induced increase of global changes in transcription of sets of genes especially immunity/inflam- mation, signal pathway, metabolism and cancer-related genes.

산업디자인 팔러시도 이젠 패러다임화와 국가간 양질의 디자인 창출을 위한 확고한 비교조사 연구가 필요하다.

봉상균,최영숙 한국 비쥬얼 디자인학회 1998 한국디자인포럼 Vol.3 No.-

Every government tries to establish such design policies as would meet its needs and Korea is no exception. This study Compares the design policies of Korea with those of other countries from south-eastern Asia, it's main objective is to offer selective analyses of the organizations and governmental institutions currently charge of design policies in the aforementioned countries. Our discussion also includes various policies and detailed plans for effect design management the comparatively analyses of big 16th another design countries at political and design admministrations other association in this world.

手藝學習指導方案에 關한 硏究

崔英淑 대구교육대학교 1969 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Problems are discussed in the manual arts education which has so far emphasized the completion of works rather than the process. The importance of humanistic significance in the manual arts education is stressed. The proper guidance for the development of imaginative power based on the maturity in emotion and intelligence is sought. Recognizing the change in tile everyday life due to the recent development in science, the weight of the manual arts education as knowledge, technique and feeling is reconsidered.

출애굽기 34:29-35에 대한 바울의 해석 : 고린도후서의 옛 언약과 새 언약

최영숙 한국복음주의신약학회 2013 신약연구 Vol.12 No.1

In 2Kor 3:7-11 geht es um die schroffe Antithese von einem angelegten Vergleich der Diakonie des Mose mit der des Paulus. Sie wird in 2Kor 3:12-18 in klaren Distinktionen als Gegensatz vom alten Bund des Mose und neuen Bund Christi entfaltet und präzisiert. Die meisten Exegeten behaupten, dass Paulus den Mose-Midrasch aufnimmt. Aber in dieser Studie beweise ich das Gegenteil. Der Gedanke in 3:7-18, wo Paulus den Text von Exodus 34:29-35 zitiert, stellt seine komparative Antithese von Verhüllung und Enthüllung der Decke heraus, genau die Gegensätzlichkeit vom alten Bund und neuen Bund. Der Abschnitt 3:7-18 zeigt aber keine Polemik gegen Judaismus oder Herabsetzung des Grö e Mose, sondern den ausgeführten Charakter des Apostolates des Paulus, der von dem zum Leben führenden Bund bestimmt wird. Die Aussagen in 3:14-15 bis zum heutigen Tag bleibt dieselbe Decke auf dem Lesen des alten Bundes"(3:14) und "eine Decke liegt auf ihren Herzen"(3:15) weisen jedoch nicht auf die Gegner hin. Aber zumindest werden die Gegner in beiden Versen angedeutet. Um die Anspielung der Decke unter dem alten Bund und neuen Bund zu verstehen, bzw. herauszufinden, ist es wichtig, die Versen 3:7 und 3:13 zu interpretieren, insbesondere, διὰ τὴν δόξαν … τὴν καταργουμένην(3:7)과 τὸ τέλος τοῡ καταργουένου(3:13). Denn sich die beiden Aussagen finden nicht im Text von Exodus vor, sondern nur bei Paulus.

한,일 양 언어의 파찰음에 대한 음향음성학적 분석 : 시간적 특성을 중심으로

최영숙 한국일본어교육학회 2006 日本語敎育 Vol.37 No.-