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윤영인 ( Peter Yun ) 한국정치평론학회 2013 정치와 평론 Vol.13 No.-
The Koryo dynasty (918-1392) generally adopted a very hostile foreign policy toward the Manchurian states of the Khitan, Jin, and later the Mongol empire. It has been asserted that such a policy may be explained by Koryo`s acceptance of the ideological validity of the Han Chinese concept of tribute system. However, this ignores the geopolitical reality of the time in which the Manchurian states represented a serious military threat to both the Chinese and Korean states, and this in turn pushed them toward friendly relations. Each state sought to maintain their autonomy and preserve the balance of power in East Asia by preventing the rise of a hegemonic power. Koryo`s policy was to maintain peaceful relations with Khitan and Jin in the guise of the “tribute system,” and to distance itself from Song China politically. Unlike the numerous studies of foreign relations of Koryo and Song China, but few studies have focused on the policies of the Northern Asiatic states toward Koryo. Manchurian states did not approach Koryo as they did Song China. The conquest dynasties of Khitan and Jin faced strong adversaries on all sides, and their main objective was to ensure the stability and security of the border region. In the end, they were content with nominal acknowledgement of “superiority” and submission of token amounts of “tributes” from Koryo. On the other hand, the Mongol`s policy toward Koryo was entirely different. The “Chinese World Order” during the Mongol period was not a continuation of the “tribute system” of the earlier Koryo period but represented a new world order imposed by the Mongol empire.