[PA-0044] Haplotyping and Evolutionary Studies on Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase 7 (TPP7), Anaerobic Germination 1 (AG1) Tolerance Gene (Os09g0369400) in KRICE_CORE

Kyaw Myo Aung(Kyaw Myo Aung),Win Htet Oo(Win Htet Oo),Yong-Jin Park(Yong-Jin Park) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

Nation-Building in Independent Myanmar: A Comparative Study of a History Textbook and a Civic Textbook

( Myo Oo ) 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원 2017 Suvannabhumi Vol.9 No.1

This article examines the image of the nation of the Union of Myanmar (Burma) by comparing the history textbook and the civic textbook prescribed in state schools during the period of independence from 1948 to 1958. After the Second World War, the political conditions gave the way for the formation of the Union of Myanmar composed of ethnic nationals in Myanmar. To shape the national identity, the newly-founded independent nation in 1948, introduced textbooks in history and civics for the purpose of nation building. The paper concludes that the history textbook illustrated the golden ages of the Myanmar kingdom by way of national consolidation and portrayed ethnic nationals as homogenous; on the other hand, the civic textbook defined a citizen as one who is born and raised in Myanmar; it also included migrant Asians such as Chinese and South Asians in the fold. The history textbook aspired for the national consolidation of ethnic nationals for the strength and prosperity of the country while the civic textbook required cooperation from both ethnic nationals and migrant Asians for peace and development of the country and the world.

Nation-Building in Independent Myanmar: A Comparative Study of a History Textbook and a Civic Textbook

Oo, Myo Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2017 Suvannabhumi Vol.9 No.1

This article examines the image of the nation of the Union of Myanmar (Burma) by comparing the history textbook and the civic textbook prescribed in state schools during the period of independence from 1948 to 1958. After the Second World War, the political conditions gave the way for the formation of the Union of Myanmar composed of ethnic nationals in Myanmar. To shape the national identity, the newly-founded independent nation in 1948, introduced textbooks in history and civics for the purpose of nation building. The paper concludes that the history textbook illustrated the golden ages of the Myanmar kingdom by way of national consolidation and portrayed ethnic nationals as homogenous; on the other hand, the civic textbook defined a citizen as one who is born and raised in Myanmar; it also included migrant Asians such as Chinese and South Asians in the fold. The history textbook aspired for the national consolidation of ethnic nationals for the strength and prosperity of the country while the civic textbook required cooperation from both ethnic nationals and migrant Asians for peace and development of the country and the world.

New Calendar, Old Social Class, and Buddhist Tradition: A Case Study of Wekmasuk Wundauk U Latt and His Family Members

( Myo Oo ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원(구 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원) 2020 Suvannabhumi Vol.12 No.1

This article explored how the introduction of the Gregorian calendar transformed the Buddhist traditional practices of a noble class family who lost power in the royal court during the emergence of the British in Upper Myanmar. It examined in micro-level, the said changes by way of Wekmasuk Wundauk U Latt’s diary, which recorded the social and economic conditions of Mandalay, then the capital of the Myanmar kingdom, from 1886 to 1898. When Burmese kings reigned in Mandalay, the court closed on Sabbath day, when the Buddhist Burmese went to monasteries to fulfill religious obligations. The introduction of the Gregorian calendar turned Sunday into a regular day off, which left Sabbath day to be used for more work. This prevented the then noblemen to attend to monastic duties as they had to use the day, for example to go to the bank to draw their pension. This research reveals that the Gregorian calendar has transformed the day off from “holy day” to “holiday.”

Making Anyatha (Upper Lander) and Auktha (Lower Lander): Crossing the Introduction of the Colonial Boundary System to British Burma (Myanmar)

( Myo Oo ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원(구 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원) 2021 Suvannabhumi Vol.13 No.2

In Myanmar studies, despite research on the categorization of ethnic nationalities are fairly much, research on the categorization of Myanmar people (ethnic Myanmar) is rarely exposed. People settled down in Central Myanmar had been categorized by regionalism into two groups as Anyatha (Upper Lander) and Auktha (Lower lander). It can be determined that the regionalism of Myanmar people existed and still exists. Previous scholarship in the colonial history of Myanmar has primarily referred to the documents recorded by the colonial officers and historical texts composed by the British authorities and scholars. The Catalogue of the Hluttaw Records is one of the rarest documents recorded in the Myanmar language on the affairs in the borderline drawn by the British after the Second Anglo-Myanmar War (1852-1853). Scrutinizing the Catalogue of the Hluttaw Records, it has been found that the text sheds light on the division of Central Myanmar into two regions in colonial Burma, later known as Lower Myanmar and Myanmar kingdom. These areas were known as Upper Myanmar between 1853 and 1885, and the categorization of the Myanmar king's subject, known as Anyatha (Upper Lander) and British colony citizen later known as Auktha (Lower Lander). This article traces back the relation of introducing the colonial boundary system and the division of Central Myanmar into two regions that allowed the emergence of regionalism among Myanmar people.

Making Anyatha (Upper Lander) and Auktha (Lower Lander): Crossing the Introduction of the Colonial Boundary System to British Burma (Myanmar)

Oo, Myo Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2021 Suvannabhumi Vol.13 No.2

In Myanmar studies, despite research on the categorization of ethnic nationalities are fairly much, research on the categorization of Myanmar people (ethnic Myanmar) is rarely exposed. People settled down in Central Myanmar had been categorized by regionalism into two groups as Anyatha (Upper Lander) and Auktha (Lower lander). It can be determined that the regionalism of Myanmar people existed and still exists. Previous scholarship in the colonial history of Myanmar has primarily referred to the documents recorded by the colonial officers and historical texts composed by the British authorities and scholars. The Catalogue of the Hluttaw Records is one of the rarest documents recorded in the Myanmar language on the affairs in the borderline drawn by the British after the Second Anglo-Myanmar War (1852-1853). Scrutinizing the Catalogue of the Hluttaw Records, it has been found that the text sheds light on the division of Central Myanmar into two regions in colonial Burma, later known as Lower Myanmar and Myanmar kingdom. These areas were known as Upper Myanmar between 1853 and 1885, and the categorization of the Myanmar king's subject, known as Anyatha (Upper Lander) and British colony citizen later known as Auktha (Lower Lander). This article traces back the relation of introducing the colonial boundary system and the division of Central Myanmar into two regions that allowed the emergence of regionalism among Myanmar people.

The Covert Objective of YMBA (1906-1920) and Its Activities

Myo Oo(묘우) 부산경남사학회 2011 역사와 경계 Vol.81 No.-

영국과의 세 차례 전쟁에서 패배한 미얀마는 1886년 영국의 식민지로 전락한다. 1906년 청년불교도연맹(Young Men’s Buddhist Association, 이하 YMBA, 활동기간 1906-1920년)은 버마 민족의 권익을 위해 영국령 미얀마에서 반영(反英)운동을 전개하는 최초의 단체로 조직되었다. YMBA는 버마사회의 바탕을 이루는 불교도를 고용하여 당시 경제적 상권을 장악하고 있던 인도인과 중국인 등 외래동양인들과 행정적 우위를 독점하고 있던 서양인들로부터 받는 경제적, 사회적, 문화적 압박으로부터 버마인을 해방시킬 것을 합법적으로 요구하는 등의 활동을 전개했다. 기존 연구에서는 불교도를 기초로 하여 여러 활동을 전개함으로써 YMBA는 종교적, 애국적 활동 및 사회경제적 개혁을 위해 조직된 연맹이라는 제한적 시각으로 분석되었다. YMBA의 결정 및 요구사항에 관한 사료에 근거하여, 본고는 이 연맹이 감추고 있었던 원래의 설립 목적을 다뤄볼 것이다. 실제로 YMBA는 여러 활동을 통하여 외국인의 식민지배하에 있는 버마인들에게 근대 교육 기회를 제공하여 억압받는 삶의 질을 향상시키는데 주력하였다는 사실을 본고에서 밝히고자 한다. Defeated in three wars with the British, Burma fell under the British colonial administration from 1886. In 1906, the Young Men’s Buddhist Association (1906-1920) emerged as a leading group in campaigning against the British Government in British Burma for the rights of the Burmese nationals. The YMBA, employing Buddhism as a common base of the Burmese society, protected the Burmese, promoting various cultural aspects including education, and made demands legally for the release form economic, social and cultural oppressions by foreigners such as Indians and Chinese who had economic power and westerners who had administrative power and were in dominant position in British Burma. As it based on the Buddhism and did these activities, this led to the restrictive views that the YMBA was an association which did religious and patriotic activities, and socio-economic reformation. Based on the analysis of document on its decisions and demands, this article will deal with covert objective of this association. In doing so, this paper emphasizes that the YMBA participated in the patriotic activities or socio-economic reforms with covert objective that to give Burmese modern education and to foster the way how to live in colonial society for the Burmese who was oppressed by Europeans and Asians, mainly Chinese and Indians.

New Calendar, Old Social Class, and Buddhist Tradition: A Case Study of Wekmasuk Wundauk U Latt and His Family Members

Oo, Myo Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2020 Suvannabhumi Vol.12 No.1

This article explored how the introduction of the Gregorian calendar transformed the Buddhist traditional practices of a noble class family who lost power in the royal court during the emergence of the British in Upper Myanmar. It examined in micro-level, the said changes by way of Wekmasuk Wundauk U Latt's diary, which recorded the social and economic conditions of Mandalay, then the capital of the Myanmar kingdom, from 1886 to 1898. When Burmese kings reigned in Mandalay, the court closed on Sabbath day, when the Buddhist Burmese went to monasteries to fulfill religious obligations. The introduction of the Gregorian calendar turned Sunday into a regular day off, which left Sabbath day to be used for more work. This prevented the then noblemen to attend to monastic duties as they had to use the day, for example to go to the bank to draw their pension. This research reveals that the Gregorian calendar has transformed the day off from "holy day" to "holiday."

식민시기 버마어 산문의 대중화와 버마 민족 형성의 상관성

묘우 ( Oo Myo ) 한국동남아학회 2012 동남아시아연구 Vol.22 No.2

이 논문은 근대 민족국가 형성과 민족 공용어의 창출의 상관성을 염두에 두고 식민지기 버마에서 버마어가 어떠한 정치적, 사회적 환경 하에서 어떻게 공용어의 지위를 획득해나갔는지에 대해 주로 버마어 산문의 대중화라는 각도에서 분석한 것이다. 베네딕트 앤더슨의 연구가 시사하는 것처럼 근대적 인쇄매체의 출현과 더불어 근대 버마어의 등장 및 대중화는 버마의 근대적 민족 형성에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 제1차 영국-버마 전쟁 종결 후, 정치, 사회, 경제적 상황 변화와 함께 인쇄산업의 발달과 더불어 버마어는 대중매체에서 공용어로서의 지위를 획득해갔다. 식민시기에 버마 내 여러 지역에 어학원이 설립되었고 버마인이 어학교육 담당자로 고용되었다. 1930년대 초반에 근대 버마어 산문이 많은 저자들에 의해 집필되었으며, 1930년대 후반에 들어서서 독자들 사이에서 널리 읽히는 호황을 누렸다. 일본군 점령 후에는 일본군 당국의 허가 하에 버마어는 제2차 세계대전 중에 공식적 언어로서 인정되었다. 이러한 바탕 위에 근대 버마어는 1947년 헌법에 버마의 공식 언어로 명기되었다. 이러한 과정에 대한 분석을 통해 이 논문에서는 버마어가 식민지기에 표준어로서의 지위를 획득하고 그 버마어로 작성된 근대 버마어 산문의 사용이 버마의 민족 형성과정에서 결정적인 역할을 하였다는 점을 부각시켰다.

“버마인은 누구인가?”: 버마 민족 정체성 기본이념에 관한연구

묘우 ( Oo Myo ) 한국동남아학회 2013 동남아시아연구 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 현 미얀마 민주화 과정에 관심을 갖는 정치인들과 국민들 사이에 논쟁을 가져오는 미얀마 민족 정체성에 대한 논의를 심도 있고 폭넓게 하는 것이다. 이 연구는 주로 YMBA로 인해형성된‘버마인’의민족 정체성을검토하고, 이후독립정부에서 채택된 미얀마 민족 정체성을 미얀마 독립운동의 역사와 함께 검토하였다. 미얀마 민족 정체성의 기본 이념은 민족주의 운동 초기에 형성되었다. 기본적인민족이념에대한연구는 식민지배 하에서 출발하였으며, 이러한 연구는 미얀마 정계에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 미얀마민족 정체성의 핵심적 본질을 이해하는 데에 중요한 요소가 된다.