[PA-0044] Haplotyping and Evolutionary Studies on Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase 7 (TPP7), Anaerobic Germination 1 (AG1) Tolerance Gene (Os09g0369400) in KRICE_CORE

Kyaw Myo Aung(Kyaw Myo Aung),Win Htet Oo(Win Htet Oo),Yong-Jin Park(Yong-Jin Park) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

Nation-Building in Independent Myanmar: A Comparative Study of a History Textbook and a Civic Textbook

( Myo Oo ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2017 Suvannabhumi Vol.9 No.1

This article examines the image of the nation of the Union of Myanmar (Burma) by comparing the history textbook and the civic textbook prescribed in state schools during the period of independence from 1948 to 1958. After the Second World War, the political conditions gave the way for the formation of the Union of Myanmar composed of ethnic nationals in Myanmar. To shape the national identity, the newly-founded independent nation in 1948, introduced textbooks in history and civics for the purpose of nation building. The paper concludes that the history textbook illustrated the golden ages of the Myanmar kingdom by way of national consolidation and portrayed ethnic nationals as homogenous; on the other hand, the civic textbook defined a citizen as one who is born and raised in Myanmar; it also included migrant Asians such as Chinese and South Asians in the fold. The history textbook aspired for the national consolidation of ethnic nationals for the strength and prosperity of the country while the civic textbook required cooperation from both ethnic nationals and migrant Asians for peace and development of the country and the world.

Making Anyatha (Upper Lander) and Auktha (Lower Lander): Crossing the Introduction of the Colonial Boundary System to British Burma (Myanmar)

Oo, Myo Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2021 Suvannabhumi Vol.13 No.2

In Myanmar studies, despite research on the categorization of ethnic nationalities are fairly much, research on the categorization of Myanmar people (ethnic Myanmar) is rarely exposed. People settled down in Central Myanmar had been categorized by regionalism into two groups as Anyatha (Upper Lander) and Auktha (Lower lander). It can be determined that the regionalism of Myanmar people existed and still exists. Previous scholarship in the colonial history of Myanmar has primarily referred to the documents recorded by the colonial officers and historical texts composed by the British authorities and scholars. The Catalogue of the Hluttaw Records is one of the rarest documents recorded in the Myanmar language on the affairs in the borderline drawn by the British after the Second Anglo-Myanmar War (1852-1853). Scrutinizing the Catalogue of the Hluttaw Records, it has been found that the text sheds light on the division of Central Myanmar into two regions in colonial Burma, later known as Lower Myanmar and Myanmar kingdom. These areas were known as Upper Myanmar between 1853 and 1885, and the categorization of the Myanmar king's subject, known as Anyatha (Upper Lander) and British colony citizen later known as Auktha (Lower Lander). This article traces back the relation of introducing the colonial boundary system and the division of Central Myanmar into two regions that allowed the emergence of regionalism among Myanmar people.

Nation-Building in Independent Myanmar: A Comparative Study of a History Textbook and a Civic Textbook

Oo, Myo Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2017 Suvannabhumi Vol.9 No.1

This article examines the image of the nation of the Union of Myanmar (Burma) by comparing the history textbook and the civic textbook prescribed in state schools during the period of independence from 1948 to 1958. After the Second World War, the political conditions gave the way for the formation of the Union of Myanmar composed of ethnic nationals in Myanmar. To shape the national identity, the newly-founded independent nation in 1948, introduced textbooks in history and civics for the purpose of nation building. The paper concludes that the history textbook illustrated the golden ages of the Myanmar kingdom by way of national consolidation and portrayed ethnic nationals as homogenous; on the other hand, the civic textbook defined a citizen as one who is born and raised in Myanmar; it also included migrant Asians such as Chinese and South Asians in the fold. The history textbook aspired for the national consolidation of ethnic nationals for the strength and prosperity of the country while the civic textbook required cooperation from both ethnic nationals and migrant Asians for peace and development of the country and the world.

New Calendar, Old Social Class, and Buddhist Tradition: A Case Study of Wekmasuk Wundauk U Latt and His Family Members

Oo, Myo Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2020 Suvannabhumi Vol.12 No.1

This article explored how the introduction of the Gregorian calendar transformed the Buddhist traditional practices of a noble class family who lost power in the royal court during the emergence of the British in Upper Myanmar. It examined in micro-level, the said changes by way of Wekmasuk Wundauk U Latt's diary, which recorded the social and economic conditions of Mandalay, then the capital of the Myanmar kingdom, from 1886 to 1898. When Burmese kings reigned in Mandalay, the court closed on Sabbath day, when the Buddhist Burmese went to monasteries to fulfill religious obligations. The introduction of the Gregorian calendar turned Sunday into a regular day off, which left Sabbath day to be used for more work. This prevented the then noblemen to attend to monastic duties as they had to use the day, for example to go to the bank to draw their pension. This research reveals that the Gregorian calendar has transformed the day off from "holy day" to "holiday."

New Calendar, Old Social Class, and Buddhist Tradition: A Case Study of Wekmasuk Wundauk U Latt and His Family Members

( Myo Oo ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2020 Suvannabhumi Vol.12 No.1

This article explored how the introduction of the Gregorian calendar transformed the Buddhist traditional practices of a noble class family who lost power in the royal court during the emergence of the British in Upper Myanmar. It examined in micro-level, the said changes by way of Wekmasuk Wundauk U Latt’s diary, which recorded the social and economic conditions of Mandalay, then the capital of the Myanmar kingdom, from 1886 to 1898. When Burmese kings reigned in Mandalay, the court closed on Sabbath day, when the Buddhist Burmese went to monasteries to fulfill religious obligations. The introduction of the Gregorian calendar turned Sunday into a regular day off, which left Sabbath day to be used for more work. This prevented the then noblemen to attend to monastic duties as they had to use the day, for example to go to the bank to draw their pension. This research reveals that the Gregorian calendar has transformed the day off from “holy day” to “holiday.”

Making Anyatha (Upper Lander) and Auktha (Lower Lander): Crossing the Introduction of the Colonial Boundary System to British Burma (Myanmar)

( Myo Oo ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2021 Suvannabhumi Vol.13 No.2

In Myanmar studies, despite research on the categorization of ethnic nationalities are fairly much, research on the categorization of Myanmar people (ethnic Myanmar) is rarely exposed. People settled down in Central Myanmar had been categorized by regionalism into two groups as Anyatha (Upper Lander) and Auktha (Lower lander). It can be determined that the regionalism of Myanmar people existed and still exists. Previous scholarship in the colonial history of Myanmar has primarily referred to the documents recorded by the colonial officers and historical texts composed by the British authorities and scholars. The Catalogue of the Hluttaw Records is one of the rarest documents recorded in the Myanmar language on the affairs in the borderline drawn by the British after the Second Anglo-Myanmar War (1852-1853). Scrutinizing the Catalogue of the Hluttaw Records, it has been found that the text sheds light on the division of Central Myanmar into two regions in colonial Burma, later known as Lower Myanmar and Myanmar kingdom. These areas were known as Upper Myanmar between 1853 and 1885, and the categorization of the Myanmar king's subject, known as Anyatha (Upper Lander) and British colony citizen later known as Auktha (Lower Lander). This article traces back the relation of introducing the colonial boundary system and the division of Central Myanmar into two regions that allowed the emergence of regionalism among Myanmar people.

The Covert Objective of YMBA (1906-1920) and Its Activities

Myo Oo(묘우) 부산경남사학회 2011 역사와 경계 Vol.81 No.-

영국과의 세 차례 전쟁에서 패배한 미얀마는 1886년 영국의 식민지로 전락한다. 1906년 청년불교도연맹(Young Men’s Buddhist Association, 이하 YMBA, 활동기간 1906-1920년)은 버마 민족의 권익을 위해 영국령 미얀마에서 반영(反英)운동을 전개하는 최초의 단체로 조직되었다. YMBA는 버마사회의 바탕을 이루는 불교도를 고용하여 당시 경제적 상권을 장악하고 있던 인도인과 중국인 등 외래동양인들과 행정적 우위를 독점하고 있던 서양인들로부터 받는 경제적, 사회적, 문화적 압박으로부터 버마인을 해방시킬 것을 합법적으로 요구하는 등의 활동을 전개했다. 기존 연구에서는 불교도를 기초로 하여 여러 활동을 전개함으로써 YMBA는 종교적, 애국적 활동 및 사회경제적 개혁을 위해 조직된 연맹이라는 제한적 시각으로 분석되었다. YMBA의 결정 및 요구사항에 관한 사료에 근거하여, 본고는 이 연맹이 감추고 있었던 원래의 설립 목적을 다뤄볼 것이다. 실제로 YMBA는 여러 활동을 통하여 외국인의 식민지배하에 있는 버마인들에게 근대 교육 기회를 제공하여 억압받는 삶의 질을 향상시키는데 주력하였다는 사실을 본고에서 밝히고자 한다. Defeated in three wars with the British, Burma fell under the British colonial administration from 1886. In 1906, the Young Men’s Buddhist Association (1906-1920) emerged as a leading group in campaigning against the British Government in British Burma for the rights of the Burmese nationals. The YMBA, employing Buddhism as a common base of the Burmese society, protected the Burmese, promoting various cultural aspects including education, and made demands legally for the release form economic, social and cultural oppressions by foreigners such as Indians and Chinese who had economic power and westerners who had administrative power and were in dominant position in British Burma. As it based on the Buddhism and did these activities, this led to the restrictive views that the YMBA was an association which did religious and patriotic activities, and socio-economic reformation. Based on the analysis of document on its decisions and demands, this article will deal with covert objective of this association. In doing so, this paper emphasizes that the YMBA participated in the patriotic activities or socio-economic reforms with covert objective that to give Burmese modern education and to foster the way how to live in colonial society for the Burmese who was oppressed by Europeans and Asians, mainly Chinese and Indians.

Historiography and National Identity of Colonial Burma

묘우(Oo Myo) 한국아시아학회 2012 아시아연구 Vol.15 No.2

이 글은 영국령 버마의 역사교과서에 나타난 근대 버마의 국가 정체성을 설명하는데 목적을 두고, 식민시기 당시 미얀마 현지학교 역사교과서를 분석 대상으로 삼았다. 역사교과서는 전통적개념과 식민사관이 절충된 새로운 국가적 개념인 "버마인"으로 역사에 근거한 전통적 버마 연대기와 다른 내용이 포함되었다. 교과서 내용 분석에 근거한 이 논문에서 어떻게 버마인은 종족, 공간, 시간이라는 세 개념을 새롭게 도입했는지를 집중 조명했다. 종족적으로 버마인는 티베트-버마족과 그들을 부처의 후손으로 지칭하는 아리얀의 혼혈인으로 수용되었다. 영국령 버마는 그 이래로 오랫동안 버마왕들에 의해 통치된 영토를 가리킨다. 연대기적으로 버마 역사를 통틀어 버강, 따웅우, 꽁바웅 등 버마족이 건국한 세 왕국이 있었다. 이 논문은 새로운 국가정체성의 공통 영역인 종족, 영토, 시대구분에 초점을 맞추었고, 새로운 불교문화에 근거한 "버마"라는 새로운 개념은 식민시기 최초로 시도된 근대교육의 산물이다. This article explains how modern Burmese national identity has been portrayed in a school history textbook of British Burma. To serve this purpose, a history textbook prescribed in the vernacular schools is to be analyzed here. U Ba Than`s Myanmar Yazawin is composed of the historiographical accounts of different Burmese chronicles to form a new national concept "Burmese", compromising traditional concepts and colonial historical knowledge. Based on the textual analysis, this research is to shed light on the new concept on how the Burmese has constituted three conceptions: race, space and time. Ethnically, it is accepted that the Burmese is a hybrid of the Tibeto-Burman and the Aryans who claim themselves to be the descendants of the Buddha. British Burma was once the territory under the rule of a long line of Burmese kings since yore. There had chronologically emerged three Burmese kingdoms --Bagan, Taungoo and Konbaung-- throughout historic eras. Focusing on three sectors which commonplace to observe national identity: the race, the territory and the time, this article argues that Burmese national identity that Burmese is a hybrid of Tibeto-Burman and Buddha descendent who live in the Burmese kingdom which had flourished throughout historic era, is a product of modern education initiated in the colonial period.

A Study on Factors of Domestic Migration of the Ethnic Burman in Burmese Kings` Age

묘우(Oo Myo) 한국아시아학회 2012 아시아연구 Vol.15 No.1

본고는 버마 왕들의 치세기에 버마 영토에서 나타나는 버마족의 국내 이주의 양상을 살펴본다. 본고의 목적은 특히 양공을 중심지로 둔 하부버마에서 식민정부의 형태로 새로운 국민국가가 창설된 영국령 버마에서 다문화사회가 형성되었을 때 식민지배기동안 발생한 거주민들의 확산과 관련된 계획을 살펴보기 위하여 영국령 버마의 주종족인 버마족 이주의 궁극적인 원인을 추적하는 것이다. 주로 버마 연대기에 기초한 분석담론에 기초하여 연구한 결과는 경제적, 행정적, 안보적, 군사적 상황이 버마 왕실 치세기간동안 버마족 이주를 발생시킨 주요한 원동력이었다는 사실로 요약된다. 이것은 또한 식민지배기가 영국령 버마에서 민족형성이 붐을 이룬 시기와 연계되어 있는 것으로 설명했다. This article explores the push-pull factors of domestic migration of the ethnic Burman in Burma in the time of Burmese kings. The objective of this article is an attempt to trace the basic causes of the migration of the ethnic Burman, the major ethnic of British Burma, in order to know the dispersion of inhabitants of the plan during the colonial period when the multi-cultural society was formed in British Burma. Based on the discourse analysis on Burmese chronicles mainly, as explicated in the article, it may be summarized that the military, the administrative and the socio-economic factor were the main factors for the migration of the ethnic Burman during the Burmese royal rule. It can also be elevated as the era of nation-building in British Burma during the colonial period.