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문병현,송주열,이현성,손경규,엄태환,김정우,김아름 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2004 情報通信硏究 Vol.3 No.2
The system designed in this paper, can mark the interior state of greenhouse using sensors of temperature, humidity and illumination on greenhouse interior by greenhouse system for farm village area's agriculture automation. And, the real time monitor is possible real time monitoring by camera. Also, system that can supply water using spring cooler system and humidifier. The proposed system can sustain a designed environment of the greenhouse through rentilation fan, fluorescent light and roof door control. TCP/IP is used for the remote control of state the sensors in the client program. 본 논문에서 설계된 시스템은 농촌 지역의 농업 자동화를 위한 온실 시스템으로 온실 내부에 온도, 습도, 조도 센서를 이용한 온실 내부의 상태를 표시할 수 있으며 카메라를 이용하여 실시간 관측이 가능하다. 또한 본 시스템은 지붕 개폐, 스프링 쿨러와 가습기를 이용한 수분 공급, 환풍기, 형광등 등을 통하여 온실 내부의 환경을 유지시킬 수 있다. 모든 센서를 이용한 상태와 온실 제어를 TCP/IP를 이용한 클라이언트 프로그램에서 원격으로 관리할 수 있다.
Evaluation of etched enamel using quantitative light-induced fluorescence
( Ah-reum Lee ),( Hyun-soo Kim ),( Hee-won Ku ),( Ho-keel Hwang ),( Hyoung-hoon Jo ),( Jeong-bum Min ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2018 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.42 No.1
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of etching on the ground and unground enamel using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Thirty extracted incisors were used in the study. One-half of the labial surface of each tooth was ground with #400- grit SiC paper. The other half was left intact. Ground and intact surfaces were coated with nail varnish leaving rectangular windows of enamel uncoated. A 32% phosphoric acid gel was applied for 15, 30, 60 seconds. The mineral loss in terms of percentage of fluorescence (delta F) was assessed by QLF at baseline and after etching. Effect of etching time and mechanical pretreatment were analyzed with independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Grinding the enamel before etching for 15 seconds and 30 seconds had a significant effect on demineralization. However, no significant difference in demineralization was observed between the ground and unground enamel with 60 seconds of etching. The ΔF values decreased with increased etching time. But there was no significant difference in the ΔF values between 15 seconds and 30 seconds, and 30 seconds and 60 seconds in both ground and unground enamel. Demineralization after acidetching can be quantified using QLF. The result indicated that the degree of demineralization increases with etching time and mechanical pretreatment.
Investigation of Metal Co-evaporated Copper Seed Layers for Copper-Plated Heterojunction Solar Cells
Lee, Sang Hee,Lee, Doo Won,Lee, Ah Reum,Kim, Han Jun,Lee, Soo Hong 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol. No.
<P>For the reduction of optical loss and contact material cost in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, copper plating has been considered as a suitable metallization technique. However, a plated copper contact on an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) generally has low a reliability of adhesion. For this reason, proper seed layer materials are required for adhesive copper plating. As a requirement for a suitable seed layer material, the contact resistance between the seed and the ITO is also important, as well as the adhesion, because high series resistance results in a low fill factor. In this research, we deposited a seed layer by co-evaporating copper with other metals (Cu-X). The contact resistivity (rho (c) ) of the Cu-X deposited on ITO was evaluated by using the transfer length method (TLM). In order to confirm the influence of the work function of the Cu-X, we measured the contact potential difference (CPD) by using photoemission in an air system (PAS). Moreover, phase and we analyzed the crystallite size by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement.</P>
Thermal Inactivation of Sodium-Habituated Staphylococcus aureus in Ready-to-Heat Sauces
Ah Reum Park,Jin Hee Lee,Sook Jin Jeong,In Gyun Hwang,Soon Ho Lee,Joon Il Cho,Yo Han Yoon 한국축산식품학회 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.6
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium habituation on thermal resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in various ready-to-heat (RTH) sauces. The strain mixture of S. aureus strains KACC10768, KACC10778, KACC11596, KACC13236 and NCCP10862 was habituated up to 9% of NaCl. The inocula of NaCl-habituated and nonhabituated S. aureus were inoculated in 5 g portions of pork cutlet, meat and Carbonara sauces at 7 Log CFU/g, and the samples were vortexed vigorously. The inoculated samples were then exposed to 60 and 70oC in a water-bath, and survivals of total bacteria and S. aureus were enumerated on tryptic soy agar and mannitol salt agar, respectively, every 30 min for 120 min. At 60oC, the cell counts of total bacteria and the significant difference in survivals between sodium-habituated and non-habituated S. aureus were observed only in the Carbonara sauce; the tailing effect, which is the period of no reduction of bacterial cell counts, was observed in pork cutlet, meat and Carbonara sauces subjected to 60oC. At 70oC, total bacterial populations and sodium-habituated and non-habituated S. aureus cell counts in meat and Carbonara sauce also significantly decreased (p
Estimating the Soil Carbon Stocks for a Pinus densiflora Forest Using the Soil Carbon Model, Yasso
Lee, Ah-Reum,Noh, Nam-Jin,Cho, Yong-Sung,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Son, Yo-Whan The Ecological Society of Korea 2009 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.32 No.1
The soil carbon stock for a Pinus densiflora forest at Gwangneung, central Korea was estimated using the soil carbon model, Yasso. The soil carbon stock measured in the forest was 43.73 t C $ha^{-1}$, and the simulated initial (steady state) soil carbon stock and the simulated current soil carbon stock in 2007 were 39.19 t C $ha^{-1}$ and 38.90 t C $ha^{-1}$, respectively. Under the assumption of a $0.1^{\circ}C$ increase in mean annual temperature per year, the decomposition and litter fractionation rates increased from 0.28 to 0.56 % $year^{-1}$ and the soil carbon stock decreased from 0.03 to 0.12 % $year^{-1}$. Yasso is a simple and general model that can be applied in cases where there is insufficient input information. However, in order to obtain more accurate estimates in Korea, parameters need to be recalibrated under Korean climatic and vegetation conditions. In addition, the Yasso model needs to be linked to other models to generate better litter input data.
Study of Cu-X alloy seed layer on ITO for copper-plated silicon heterojunction solar cells
Lee, Sang Hee,Lee, Doo Won,Kim, Han Jun,Lee, Ah Reum,Lee, Soo Hong,Lim, Kyoung-jin,Shin, Won-suk Elsevier 2018 Materials science in semiconductor processing Vol.87 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>For the reduction of optical loss and contact material cost in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, copper plating has been considered as a suitable metallization technique. Usually, a metal seed layer is deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) prior to copper plating for adhesive contact between copper and ITO. As a requirement of suitable seed layer material, contact resistivity (ρ<SUB>c</SUB>) between the seed and the ITO is also important, as well as the adhesion, because high series resistance results in fill factor loss. In this study, we applied alloy seed layers which were deposited by co-evaporating copper with other metals (Cu-X). Contact resistivity values of the samples were extracted by using transfer length method (TLM). Also, tape tests were carried out to simply confirm the adhesion of contacts with different seed layers. Among the Cu-X alloy seed materials, the Cu-Ni alloy film resulted in good adhesion to the ITO as well as low average contact resistivity under 1 mΩ cm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P>
Infrared Spectroscopy of Imidazole Trimer in Helium Nanodroplets: Free NH Stretch Mode
Lee, Seul-Ki,Lee, Seung-Jun,Ahn, Ah-Reum,Kim, Yu-Sic,Min, Ah-Reum,Choi, Myong-Yong,Miller, Roger E. Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.3
We report the first vibrational band assignment of imidazole trimer (IMT) solvated in helium nanodroplets. Several congested vibrational bands of imidazole (IM) clusters were obtained in the frequency region of $3513-3515\;cm^{-1}$ and vibrationally resolved due to the extremely low temperature (0.37 K) and very weak solutesolvent interaction environments of helium droplets. The unambiguous free NH band assignment was achieved with an aid of pick-up oven temperature dependence and vibrational transition moment angle (VTMA) experiments as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The band at $3514.3\;cm^{-1}$ is attributed to the free NH stretching mode of linear IMT clusters, easily formed by the dipole-dipole interactions of IM in ultracold helium nanodroplets.