An Exploratory Study on Effects of Patient-Doctor Communication Factors to Influence on Medical Outcome: Applying RIAS

이윤정 서울대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

Patient-centered care is emerging that takes the patient-doctor relationship into consideration and emphasizes patient preferences and opinions in decision-making. Physician-patient communication are important in that it is the beginning of the patient-physician relationship to understand the patient's expectations through dialogue, and they can make productive decisions through mutual agreement. In Korea, research on determinant factors such as patient's demographic factors and patient-doctor relationship factors were active however studies on the factors of communication are insufficient. Moreover, it is rare to analyze dialogue and counseling from the perspective of two-way communication. As the consequences, there has been little research on the inclusion of both the patient factor and physician factor considering satisfaction study. Very little is known about the effect of two-way communication and its determinants. For that reasons, present study tried to find out whether there was difference between patient's and physician's perceived satisfaction and investigated the factors that affected to the satisfaction gap. In addition, study analyzed the real time medical communication and examined the result illustrated the satisfaction gap. This study aims to investigate to measure satisfaction perception gap between patient and doctor and use RIAS method to analyze the doctor and patient consultation to figure out reality of medical communication in Korea. 103 outpatients who were older than 18 years old accepted to participate in the study. Two private Orthopedics hospitals permitted to study and 5 doctors agreed to participate in this study. Recording their medical consultation and post-treatment survey was conducted at two private hospitals in Seoul. Patient questionnaires measured the patient's general information, trust toward doctor, patient's self-efficacy in communication, beliefs and patient's self-reported satisfaction. Doctor's questionnaire was asked about physician's age, gender and doctor's perceived patient satisfaction. Recording was analyzed through RIAS to extract communication factors. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to determine the difference between patient self-reported patient satisfaction and doctor's predicted patient satisfaction. Spearman's correlation was used to confirm the correlation between variables. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the satisfaction gap and RIAS was used for examining present situation of medical communication in orthopedics. Result showed significant difference in patient satisfaction and doctor satisfaction. As expected, both patient's and doctor's factors explained the gap: Patient's age, patient's self-efficacy in communication, patient's trust, doctor' s positive talk, and doctor's open-ended questions. Notably the number of visits were positive relationship with satisfaction gap. In addition to identifying presence of satisfaction differences, this study analyzed whether patient-doctor communication patterns differed by gap size. Consequently, high satisfaction gap group had higher percentage in doctor's closed-ended questions, doctor's information giving, doctor's facilitative talk, and patient's information giving. Group which had low satisfaction gap had higher percentage in doctor's open-ended questions, doctor's directive talk, doctor's emotional talk, doctor and patient's positive talk, patient's questions and patient's facilitative talk. Patient's emotional talk had similar percentage in two groups. Based on the results, present study emphasized suggestions. (1) In order to improve patient satisfaction in the future, it is desirable to set the patient-doctor relationship as the unit of analysis relationship and make efforts to include it into major variables; (2) More attempts are needed to find out and measure the communication variables of the healthcare provider, including the variables identified in this study; (3) Theoretical basis is needed to explain this outcome; (4) It is necessary to identify the characteristics of the patients especially those who recognize the gap significantly and find the improvement for narrowing gap. Even though present study has various limitations, it is a new attempt to analyze determinants of satisfaction gap. Also, it is necessary to use variety of international research approaches including RIAS. This study expects to trigger for patient centered medical care related researches.

A Study on the Determinants of Life Satisfaction among

엥가 대구대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

Satisfaction of Life in aging context has often been a subject of several research issues analyzed in Korea to assess welfare policies for older people. The overall objective of the study is to lay the groundwork for a successful economic welfare policy by analyzing the determinants of life satisfaction in old age basing on economic, social, demographic and health indicators. This study assumes that health indicators and economic assets have a positive effect on the overall level of satisfaction whereas demographic and social variables negatively affect the overall quality of life. In this study, the overall life satisfaction is the dependent variable and economic, social and health indicators are independent variables. Each independent variable has several indicators. Satisfaction with each parameter is basically evaluated on a 5-point scale from very insufficient = 1 to very sufficient =5. To test and demonstrate empirically the validity of the hypothesis, this present study uses a regression analysis and cross-sectional ordered logit models. The major outcomes from the study revealed that contrary to what is assumed health indicator and most of the economic assets show a (-) sign. That means they have a negative effect on the overall life satisfaction. Therefore, cross-sectional ordered logistic regression for the older households partially invalidates the main hypothesis of the study. Further, in health indicators only disability item has a positive effect on the overall life satisfaction. For economic assets only disposable income and land items affect positively the overall satisfaction of life for older household. On the other hand, all the social and demographic variables except location indicator do not show the expected sign. In sum, most of variables do not present the expected sign on the overall life satisfaction as assumed. Conversely, the 2016 Korean study on old age life satisfaction revealed that most of social and demographic indicators are more likely fundemental factors in assessing the overall life satisfaction of older people. Therefore, the Korean Government needs to take into account this aspect in order to set up adequate welfare policies. Keywords: Life Satisfaction, Old age, Cross-Sectional Ordered Logit Model. 본 연구의 목표는 노인들의 경제적, 사회적, 인구적 및 건강 지표를 활용하여 노인들의 삶의 만족도를 결정 요인을 분석하여 복지정책을 개선하는 데 기여하고자 한다. 이 연구에서는 노년층의 삶의 만족도에 있어 건강지표와 경제적 자산이 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 인구통계학적 및 사회적 변수는 노년층의 삶의 만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미친다고 예측되었다. 삶의 만족도에 분석에 있어서 노인들의 삶에 대한 전반적인 만족도는 종속 변수이고 경제적, 사회적 및 건강지표는 독립 변수이다. 각각의 독립 변수는 하위에 여러 지표를 가진다. 그리고 각 변수에 대한 만족도는 ‘매우 불충분하다’ (매우 불만족도)을 1점으로 하고, ‘매우 충분하다’ (매우 만족도)을 5점으로 하는 지표를 통해 평가되었다. 따라서 보고 된 연구결과에 대한 가설의 타당성을 설명하기 위해 본 연구에서는 회귀 분석과 교차분석의 순서로 분석 모형을 설정하였다. 그 결과 가설과는 다르게 건강지표와 경제적 자산이 (-)를 나타내었다. 이는 건강지표와 경제적 자산이 노인의 전반적인 삶의 만족도에 부정적으로 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 보고 된 노년층의 삶에 대한 만족도 분석 결과는 단편적인 로지스틱 회귀 분석으로서 가설이 부분적으로 타당성을 입증하지 못하였음을 확인하였다. 또한 건강지표 중 장애 요소만이 노년층의 전반적인 삶의 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 경제적 자산의 경우 가처분 소득과 토지만이 노년층의 전반적인 삶의 만족도에 긍정적으로 영향을 미친다는 것으로 나타났다. 이와는 달리 지역을 제외한 모든 사회적 및 인구학적 변수는 예상과는 다르게 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석 결과를 통해 노년층의 전반적인 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미칠 것이라 생각했던 변수들이 예상과는 다르게 나타났다. 그러나 2016년 대한민국의 노년층의 삶에 대한 만족도 조사에 따르면 사회적 지표와 인구통계학적 지표가 노년층의 삶에 대한 만족도를 평가하는데 있어서 중요한 인자로 작용할 가능성이 높다는 것을 예측하였다. 그러므로 대한민국 정부는 노년층의 복지 정책을 개선하기 위해서 본 연구 결과를 통해 나타난 변수를 고려할 필요성이 있다. 키워드: 삶의 만족도 (life satisfaction), 노인 (Old age), 단면적 로지스틱 회귀분석 (Cross-sectional Ordered Logit Model).

(The) Relationship Between Satisfaction and Travel Characteristics of International Tourists in Luang Prabang, Laos

Seng Aloun Sounthaly 서울대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

The tourism development is growing rapidly in the world especially in developing countries. In Laos, tourism is the second most important industry, and provide significant revenue to the economy. To encourage the strategy, the Lao PDR started planning for developing and promoting various tourism destinations. Luang Prabang is one of the targets of tourism development based on the Lao national development plan due to the town’s fame for its cultural and natural diversity. To increase tourists’ visitation of Luang Prabang, and to encourage the consumption of products and services, and increase repeated visits, the tourist satisfaction needs to be measured. Tourists' satisfaction is perceived as an assessment tool to evaluate travel experiences. Hence, the achievement of best tourists' satisfaction is essential for the succession and survival of the destination. High visitor satisfaction lead to positive promotion through word-of-mouth, and consequently to revisits, which ultimately affect the financial performance of suppliers associated with the tourism industry. Therefore, a comparative analysis of different type of tourists is required to better understand the importance of the markets with their different travel characteristic and satisfaction. This study aims to gain a better understanding of satisfaction of nature and culture based tourist by examining their experiences. The difference between their satisfaction level and travel characteristics are needed more clarification analysis and compare. These also explore the direct impacts of the perceived experiences and individual characteristics and overall satisfaction. Such information can be very useful for planners to improve the attractiveness of the destination for the longer term. It should contribute to understand the relationships between international tourists’ characteristics, and their level of satisfaction. This can also help policymaking in formulating future strategies for tourist destination management, contributing to sustainable development, especially in Luang Prabang Province. This research has two objectives: 1) to examine the relationship between socio-demographic aspects, travel characteristics of international tourists and the categories of tourist defined based on the most popular destinations; 2) to examine whether there are differences in international tourist satisfaction levels based on different aspects of Luang Prabang tourism. The survey was conducted from April to September 2017 at three selected main points, Luang Prabang International airport; traditional-cultural tourist places; and natural tourist places. A total of 2,011 surveys were completed. This study employed descriptive statistics to analyze the demographic data. Chi-Square, t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to reveal the relationship among socio-demographic aspects of international tourists, and to examine international tourist satisfaction. The result of the study shows that there is a difference in socio-demographic aspects and travel characteristics among the three types of tourists, namely the eco-tour tourists, cultural/historic tourists, and the tourists who like to visit eco-tour and cultural sites. Furthermore, the analysis of the satisfaction level of tourists shows that the eco-tourists are highly satisfied with accommodation standard, followed by tourism attraction. The cultural tourists show high satisfaction overall in most of the aspects measured. the eco-tour cultural visitors have higher satisfaction level in tourism attraction, accommodation, public safety and security, than other tourist types.

A study on the relationship between online banking service and customer satisfaction in Ho Chi Minh city : A study on the relationship between online banking service and customer satisfaction in Ho Chi Minh city

팜띠투하 숭실대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

In the trend of international integration like now, investment and development e-banking services is one of the measures to increase the competitive position of a number of Vietnam commercial banks in market. With desire to bring satisfaction to customers and enhance the competitiveness of the bank, the subject entered the study of customer satisfaction with e-banking services and offer solutions to enhanced the quality of banking services. Many studies on quality of service, including service quality SERVQUAL model (Parasuraman & CTG 1988), Quality function model (Gronross, 1983, 1990). Model of service quality on customer satisfaction at BIDV Le Thanh Hung. From the top model with the consultation of experts on bank interest cost as a basis to form a measurement model for service quality research variables are set with the hypothesis to assess the quality of e-banking services component to individual customers through customer satisfaction at some banks in Ho Chi Minh City area. The question of whether the customer satisfaction with the retail banking services / products and how that leads to customer satisfaction / dissatisfaction. To find the answer to this question, the author valuation factors affecting the quality of e-banking services and customer satisfaction based on the model - the relationship between the quality of e- banking services and customer satisfaction.

Exploring of utility factors that affect intention to use, satisfaction and loyalty in B2C/P2P car-sharing economy

이선메 KDI School of Public Policy and Management 2015 국내석사

The Sharing economy has been disseminating and disrupting traditional industries across the world. Although the sharing economy is still fledgling, relatively little comprehensive research has been carried out on the sharing economy. Applying an extended utility model modified from the previous studies, this research investigates the relationships of the types of utilities affecting satisfaction and loyalty as well as a willingness to use the service in the two studies. Study 1 examines the effects of the level of utility related to the levels of satisfaction and loyalty to existing users and intentions to use and expected satisfaction to potential users of B2C car-sharing service and study 2 analyzes the effects of their intension and levels of expected satisfaction to potential users to the P2P car-sharing service. Factor Analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA are applied to examine relationships. The results revealed that the effect of perceived utilities differs between user satisfaction and overall potential users for car-sharing economy; and the effect of perceived utilities differs between B2C and P2P car-sharing economy and some common factors affect both users/non-users and B2C/P2P car-sharing economy. Finally, the findings of this study provided managerial and policy implications not only for sharing economy service startups but also for traditional industry companies and theoretical implications to academia.

Residence satisfaction analysis of public rental housing tenants : focusing on redevelopment rental housings in Seoul city

오선영 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2005 국내석사

어려운 저소득층을 위해 주거환경이 개선된 임대주택을 제공하고자 지어진 재개발 사업지구의 공공임대주택은 실제 서울시의 주택시장 과열에도 불구하고 재개발임대주택의 공가는 1,737(서울시 도시개발공사, 2003.9)호가 된다. 서울시의 몇 개의 지역을 보면 공가비율이 9.0%, 8.8%에서 많게는 20.8%까지 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 현상의 원인으로 세입자 가구는 주거수준이 재개발 이전과 크게 다르지 않거나 오히려 더욱 악화되었다고 느낀다고 한다. 이로 인해 재개발로 더 나은 주거환경을 꿈꿨을 세입자는 오히려 다른 지역으로 이주하는 기이한 현상이 발생되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 향후 재개발사업을 통해 공급되어질 임대주택의 주거환경을 거주민이 만족할만한 환경으로 만들기 위해서 특별히 고려되어져야 할 요소들이 무엇인지 찾는 것이다.이론적 고찰을 통해서 공공임대주택의 개념 및 유형, 변천사, 현황, 그리고 재개발 임대주택의 변천사, 개념 및 현황을 살펴보았다. 다음으로 서울시 재개발임대주택 4개 단지를 대상으로 선정하고 거주민들에게 주거에 대한 만족도를 설문조사하였다. 설문조사자료를 토대로 우선 설문대상자들의 일반적 특성을 살펴보고 기초분석을 통해 요소별, 대상자특성별 만족도를 조사하였다. 그리고 주거에 대한 종합만족도에 대한 14개의 평가요소별 만족도가 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 주민들을 대상으로 주거의 평가요소별 만족도 및 종합만족도 설문조사 자료를 이용하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 평가요소별 만족도가 종합 만족도에 미치는 영향을 조사대상 전체 아파트 단지와 12, 13, 15평형으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 회귀분석에서는 14개의 평가요소에 대한 만족도를 독립변수로 사용하고, 주거에 대한 종합만족도를 종속변수로 하였다. 우선 각각의 평형에 대한 분석을 살펴보면 12평형의 경우 주거에 대한 종합만족도는 단지관리와 치안방범상태에 대한 만족도에 의해 영향을 가장 많이 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 13평형의 경우는 치안방범상태에 대한 만족도에 의해 영향을 가장 많이 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 15평형의 경우는 단지 내 편익시설에 대한 만족도가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 전체 대상지에 대한 분석결과, 주거에 대한 종합만족도에 가장 영향을 미치는 요소는 단지관리, 단지 내 편익시설, 단지 내 공원녹지, 이웃과의 유대감, 치안방범상태, 주거비 부담에 대한 만족도로 나타났다. 특히 이웃과의 유대감, 치안방범상태, 주거비에 대한 만족도가 다른 평가요소에 비해 상대적으로 더 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해 이웃과의 유대감이 좋아지고 치안방범상태가 양호하며, 주거비에 대한 부담감이 적을수록 거주민의 주거에 대한 종합만족도는 높아진다는 것을 나타낸다. 따라서 이웃과의 유대감, 치안방범상태, 주거비 에 대한 만족도를 향상시키기 위해서 공간을 설계해야 할 것이다. 예를 들어 단지 내에서 이웃과의 만남과 모임을 가질 수 있는 공간을 만들어준다던지, 치안방범문제를 해결하기 위한 시설 및 관리방안을 마련하고, 저소득층을 위한 적정 주거비 수준을 결정하는 등의 방안을 마련할 수 있을 것이다. 결국 임대주택 주거환경에 대한 만족도를 향상시키는 방향으로 주택건설을 계획한다면 향후 주민들의 만족도를 높여 주거고 생활의 질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. Even with the boom in real estate of Seoul city, there are 1,737(Seoul city redevelopment business, 2003.9) vacant public rental housings built in an effort to provide low income households public rental housings with improved living conditions. One can see in some areas of Seoul city that there are vacant rates of 9.0%, 8.8%, and as much as 20.8%. The tenants of public rental housings feel that their level of living conditions have either not changed or worsened because of the factor of such phenomenon. As the result, there are odd phenomenon of public rental housings tenants who have hoped for better living conditions with the redevelopment moving to other areas.The purpose of this research is to find elements that should be taken under consideration to make living environments of rent housings that residents would be satisfied with in the future.ⅲThis research took a look at concepts, types, progressions, and progression of redevelopment rental housings and public rental housings through theoretical consideration. Next, the researcher selected four subject areas and performed surveys on residents and their living satisfaction. Using survey data, the researcher first looked at general characteristics of survey responders and analyzed the satisfaction by factors and responder characteristics with preliminary analysis. To analyze the effect of 14 evaluation factors satisfaction on the overall satisfaction of living, multiple regression analysis was done using evaluation factors satisfaction and overall satisfaction level survey data. The effect of evaluation factors satisfaction on overall satisfaction level is analyzed by sorting into two groups which are overall apartment complex, and 39.7, 43.0, 49.6㎡ types. Regression analysis used satisfaction level of 14 evaluation factors as independent variables and overall satisfaction level on living as dependent variable. First looking at analysis for each area types, in 39.7㎡ types it is analyzed that the overall satisfaction level is influenced most by satisfaction levels of complex maintenance, and security and crime prevention. In case of 43.0㎡ types, the security and crime prevention most influences the overall satisfaction level. For 49.6㎡ types, overall satisfaction level is most influenced with satisfaction level on convenient facilities within complex.ⅳTo generalize the analysis results, it can be said that the overall satisfaction level on residency is most influenced by security and crime prevention. Additional influential factors turned out to be intimate relationship with neighborhood, rental fee in the order. Therefore when constructing future redevelopment renting housings complexes, one should consider not only physical conditions but also social aspects such as neighborhood safety status, intimate relationship with neighborhood. After completion, the space should be designed with such aspects in consideration. One should consider the plans for parks and grass area within complex to improve the satisfaction levels on convenience facilities, park areas, and maintenance system and construct them with continued strict management. In addition in the case of living expenses, one should consider financial condition of actual resident and set appropriate standards for rent down payment, rent, maintaining fee of rental housings.

119 구급대를 이용하는 시민들의 구급서비스 만족도

김은애 공주대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

Purpose: This study aimed to enhance the quality of rescue service by figuring out customer satisfaction on rescue service provided by 119 Emergency Medical Technician (EMT). Method: Citizens who received the rescue service provided by 10 centers in Daejeon metropolitan city from March 28th to July 30th, 2007 were selected for a random sample. They contributed to filling out questionnaires and sending them by mail. By using SPSS program, I analyzed collected 192 materials based on frequency, percentage, average, Independent Two sample t-test, Paired t-test, and One-way ANOVA Pearson Correlation Coefficient. SERVQUAL methodology was used to measure the results of the study; the satisfaction on rescue service was classified into 5 areas with 30 items. Based on the gap between the awareness level and expectation level, each item was studied to grasp citizens' satisfaction on the quality of rescue service. Each item used 5-point Likert scale. Result: 1. The characteristics of the control group were as follows; female was 53.6% and male was 46.6%. People over 50 accounted for 26.6%. Elementary school graduates and lower accounted for 40%. People with income lower than 1 million won accounted for 31.3%. Non-trauma patients were 61.5% (118) and trauma patients were 38.5% (74), meaning the number of non-trauma patients was more than that of trauma patients. 2. As for citizens' satisfaction on rescue service provided by 119 EMT, satisfactory results were found in empathy (M = 0.10) and responsiveness (M = 0.08 ) while unsatisfactory results were found in assurance (M = -0.05), reliability (M = -0.09), and tangibes service pattern (M = -0.27). 3. As for the gap between the awareness level and expectation level on 119 emergency medical service, state-of-the-art medical equipment (t=2.297, P=.023), ride comfort of an ambulance (t=15.186, P=.000), inside cleanliness of an ambulance (t=2.449, P=.015), and appearance of emergency medical technicians (t=-5.690, P=.000) showed a meaningful difference in the area of service pattern. In the area of reliability, numbers of dispatched rescuers (t=3.889, P=.000), capability to perform promised Emergency medical service (t=3.809, P=.000), accuracy of documentation (t=-2.731, P=.007), arrangement of service agency (t=2.021, P=.045) showed a statistically meaningful difference. On the other hand, in the area of responsiveness, 24 hour-readiness for action (t=-2.671 p=.008), swift arrival on the scene (t=-2.671, p=.007), active response to non-medical requirement (t=-2.845, p=.005) showed a meaningful difference while in the area of assurance, emergency care of 119 dispatchers (t=6.900 p=.000), offer of enough information (t=-2.739 p=.007), enough explanation on patients to medical personnel (t=-2.041, p=.043) showed a meaningful difference. In the area of empathy, 119 dispatcher's interest in the caller (t=-3.561, p=.023), medical personnel's ride with the patient in ambulance and patient's rest (t=-2.313, P=.000) showed a meaningful difference. 4. As for the satisfaction on rescue service according to the characteristics of emergency care, assurance (F=4.067, p=.001) and responsiveness (F=3.860, p=.001) showed a meaningful difference. The satisfactory difference on rescue service according to the contents of a call, showed a statistically meaningful difference (F=2.346 ,p=.026). Diabetics (low blood sugar) (M=1.04) showed the highest level of satisfaction while patients suffering cerebral apoplexy showed the lowest level of satisfaction. Satisfaction on the frequency of rescue service (F=3.257, p= .023) and satisfaction on the effect of rescue service (F=2.854, p= .039) showed a meaningful difference. 4. As for the correlations between satisfaction level and service scope, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and service patterns showed positive correlations. Assurance (r=.721, p=.000) showed the highest correlation, and responsiveness (r=.534, p=.000) showed the lowest correlation. Conclusion: To meet the high demand of consumers about emergency medicine and to provide high quality of rescue service require efforts and commitments from 119 EMT. We need to enhance the level of satisfaction on the areas of service pattern, reliability, and assurance. Furthermore, we have to seek methods to enhance and evaluate the various qualities of rescue service.

간호사의 직무스트레스와 DiSC 행동유형 및 조직사회자본이 직무만족에 미치는 영향

노은경 조선대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내박사

ABSTRACT The Influence of Job Stress, DiSC Behavioral Type and Organizational Social Capital on Job Satisfaction among Some Nurses Roh, Eun-Kyung, B.S., M.P.H. Advisor: Prof. Kang, Myung-Geun, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Health Science Graduate School of Chosun University Background The shortage of nurses from their voluntary turnover is worldwide hot issue of nursing research. Job satisfaction has been identified a major related factor with turnover of nurses. Although there have been a great deal of researches to identify the factors influenced on job satisfaction, no effective tool to manage it has found. Purpose This study was conducted to investigate the independent role of sub- dimensions of job stress, DiSCⓇ type of personal behavior(DiSC), and organizational social capital on job satisfaction and to identify the structural relation among them. Method Study subjects were 317 registrated nurses employed in 4 general hospitals in a metropolitan city. Data was collected using self-administrated structured questionnaire, which consisted of measures for job satisfaction(3 sub-dimensions such as work itself, relations with peer and others, job performance), job stress, organizational social capital(OCS, 3 sub-dimensions such as common value, trust, reciprocity), test tool to classy subjects into 4 behavioral type such as D(dominance), i(influence), S(steadiness), C(conscientiousness). We used statistical package, IBM SPSS 19.0 to analyse the independent influence on job satisfaction and Mplus 5.02 to test structural relation among variables through hypothetical structural equation model. Results As the results of multiple regression analysis, the factors influenced independently on overall job satisfaction were as follows; job stress(job demand, autonomy, job insecurity, organizational structure, inadequate reward) were significantly decreased job satisfaction. Regarding DiSC, job satisfaction of influence type was significantly higher than that of conscientiousness type. Of sub-dimension of OCS, the higher common value and reciprocity were, the high over all job satisfaction, but in a sub-dimension(trust), the relationship was reversed. Major findings of structural equation model analysis were as follows. Regarding DiSC, there were founded only direct effect on job satisfaction(D, i, S>C in relations with peer and others, job performance, retrospectively). Regarding common value of OCS, there were founded significant positive direct effect and indirect effect via job stress on all sub-dimensions of job satisfaction. Regarding trust of OCS, there were founded negative direct effect alone on 2 sub-dimensions of job satisfaction(work itself, job performance). Regarding trust of OCS, there were founded positive direct and indirect effect on satisfaction towards work itself, and indirect effect alone on 2 sub-dimensions(relations with peer and others, job performance). Conclusion Summing up above finding, to manage job satisfaction of nurses, it is suggested for nursing staffs to provide behavioral training programs according to type of DiSCⓇ and to introduce strategic programs fostering organizational social capital such as common vision and reciprocity. ___________________ Key words: nurses, DiSC, behavioral type, organizational social capital, social capital, job satisfaction, job stress

직장인의 특수대학원 학습참여가 생활만족도 변화에 미치는 영향

임수민 연세대학교 교육대학원 2008 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of company employees'' motivation of receiving special graduate school education to their learning satisfaction and life satisfaction and the impact of that education on life satisfaction in a bid to delve into the efficiency of learning as a way to boost the life satisfaction and happiness of office workers in lifelong society. And it''s additionally meant to help initiate research in lifelong education sector on where and how to learn to live a more satisfactory and happier life.The subjects in this study were 400 company employees who attended special graduate schools in Seoul. A survey was conducted for approximately three weeks from March 2 to 24, 2008, to find out how their learning motivation was linked to their learning satisfaction and life satisfaction and what changes that education brought to their life satisfaction. The answer sheets from 320 respondents were gathered and analyzed by utilizing reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The findings of the study were as follows:First, after learning motivation was divided into internal and external one, the relationship of the two to learning satisfaction and life satisfaction was investigated. And it''s found that the learners driven by internal motivation were more contented with their learning than the others affected by external motivation, but there was no significant intergroup gap in life satisfaction. In terms of connections between the learning motivation and life satisfaction, learning satisfaction had a significant impact on that as a parameter, and there was a positive correlation between learning satisfaction and life satisfaction. Those who found it more satisfactory to learn at special graduate school led a more satisfactory life in general.Second, what influence graduate school education exerted on their overall life satisfaction with job, family relations and interpersonal satisfaction and in emotional, physical and cognitive domains was checked. And there was a favorable change in their entire life satisfaction. Specifically, they were most pleased with interpersonal relationship, and expressed the least satisfaction at family relations 본 연구의 목적은 직장인들의 특수대학원 학습참여에 있어 학습참여 동기에 따른 학습만족도와 생활만족도와의 상관관계를 살펴보고, 실제로 대학원에서의 학습참여가 생활만족도 변화에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 연구하여, 평생학습사회에서 직장인들의 생활만족도와 행복감을 증진시킬 수 있는 진정한 학습과 배움의 효용성을 실증적으로 검토하고, 인간의 행복과 만족감을 중시하는 학습이 과연 어디서 어떻게 마련되어야 할 것인가에 대한 평생교육학적 연구의 출발점으로 삼고자 하는데 있다.따라서 본 연구에서는 학습참여 동기와 그에 따른 학습만족도와 생활만족도, 그리고 그 둘 사이의 상관관계를 살펴보고, 또 특수대학원 학습참여가 실제 생활만족도에 미치는 변화를 알아보고자 서울시내 특수대학원에 재학 중인 직장인들을 대상으로, 2008년 3월 2일부터 24일까지 약 3주간에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 총 400부의 설문지를 배포하여 320부가 회수되었으며, 신뢰도 분석, 기술통계, 상관관계분석, 회귀분석 등을 이용하여 통계 처리하였고, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습참여 동기를 내재적 동기와 외재적 동기로 구분하여 그에 따른 학습만족도와 생활만족도의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 내재적 동기를 가진 학습자들의 학습만족도가 외재적 동기의 학습자보다 높게 나타났으나, 생활만족도에서는 유의미한 차이를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 한편, 학습참여 동기와 생활만족도와의 관계에 있어서 학습만족도는 매개효과로서의 유효한 영향력을 미쳤으며, 특수대학원의 학습만족도와 생활만족도는 정적 상관관계를 보이고 있어, 특수대학원 학습참여에 따른 학습만족도가 높을수록 전반적인 생활만족도가 함께 높아졌음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 대학원 학습참여가 업무적, 가족관계, 대인관계, 정서?신체적 느낌 및 인지적 삶의 만족을 포함하는 전반적 생활만족도 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 알아본 결과, 모두 긍정적인 만족도 변화를 보였으며, 특히 대인관계 만족도가 가장 높았고, 가족관계 만족도가 가장 낮게 나타났다

Job Satisfaction as Mediator of the Causal Relationships between Organizational Perceptions and Work Outcomes

묘인도 경상대학교 대학원 2010 국내박사

직무만족 수준이 낮은 조직에서는 직무성과가 떨어지거나 강력한 인적자원관리방침에도 불구하고 유능한 종업원을 잃게 되는 경우도 있어서 말미암아 조직관리분야에서 주된 연구주제가운데 하나로 직무만족을 다루는 관련 연구와 문헌들이 점증되어 왔었다. 본 연구에서는 매개변수로서의 종업원의 직무만족에 대한 효과를 실증적으로 밝혀보려는 데 그 초점을 두었다. 실증적 연구를 위하여 중국 동부 도시인 칭다오(靑島)에 위치한 제조업 및 서비스업의 중소기업 (SMEs) 종업원 261명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS와 AMOS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 사회적 교환이론의 메카니즘에서는 다양한 선행변수들과 자발적인 직장행위 간의 관계에서 직무만족은 매개역할을 한다고 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 사회적 교환이론을 바탕으로 하여 직무상황에 대한 인식을 고려하였다. 또한 지각된 선행변수들과 네 개의 자발적 직장에서의 행동 즉, 조직시민행동, 직무성과, 조직몰입 및 이직의도 간의 관계에 있어서 직무만족이 매개변수로서의 역할을 어떻게 하는지를 분석하였다. 제시된 매개모형은 충분히 적합한 것으로 나타났고 분석결과, 절차적 정의를 제외한 지각된 조직지원, 분배적 정의, 그리고 상호작용적 정의는 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 지각된 조직지원과 이직의도의 관계 및 절차적 정의와 결과 간의 관계, 이러한 두 가지 중요한 예외되는 경우가 있지만, 직무만족 역시 대부분의 선행변수-결과 간의 관계에 매개효과가 있음을 보여주었다. 또한, 단지 네 개의 직접 연결 고리들, 지각된 조직지원으로부터 OCBI (개인에 대한 조직시민행동), 분배적 정의와 이직의도, 상호작용적 정의와 OCBO (조직에 대한 조직시민행동), 상호작용적 정의와 이직 의도 간의 고리들은 직무만족이 완전히 지각된 조직지원, 분배적 정의, 상호작용적 정의와 자발적 직장행동 간의 관계를 매개하지 못함을 의미한다. 본 연구의 또 다른 목적은 직무만족과 직무만족의 결과변수 (조직시민행동, 직무성과, 조직몰입 및 이직 의도) 간의 관계를 설명함에 있어서 그 이해의 폭을 넓히려는데 있다. 그리고 조직 관련 문헌에서 논의되어온 관리자와 직원 및 남자와 여자 간의 두 가지 수준에서 부가적인 관계성이 존재함을 검증하려고 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 연구모형에서 제시한 가설 중 하나의 가설만 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 리더십의 위상은 단지 직무만족-OCBO 관계에서 조절변수로써 기능하는 것으로 나타났다 (이러한 관계는 관리자에게 더 강하게 나타난다). 그리고 성별은 부분적으로 직무만족-결과변수 관계에 조절변수로 기능하는 것으로 나타났다. 예를 들면, 직무만족과 OCBO 및 직무만족과 직무성과 간에는 기대된 조절효과가 존재한다는 것이다 (이러한 관계는 여자에게 더 강하게 나타난다). 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 직무성과를 증대시키기 위한 조직차원의 권고와 시사점를 제공할 수 있음은 관리적으로 상당한 의의가 있다고 하겠다. 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 1)종업원들의 직장에서의 자발적 태도와 행동에 미치는 조직지원 및 정의에 대한 지각의 영향정도는 직무만족에 의해 충분히 조절되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 2)중국의 사회구조적 맥락에서는 변수들간의 연계관계 있어서 직무만족을 적절히 고려하는 것이 바람직하다. 중국인들은 개개인과 상사간에 형성되는 특수한 관계를 통하여 조직과 관계를 맞는것으로 보인다. 3)종업원들의 직무만족도를 증대시키는 방안들을 도출하기 위해서는 리더십 지위와 성차별이라는 차이점들을 고려하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 끝으로, 앞으로의 연구방향 및 본 연구의 한계점에 대하여 논의하였다. A growing body of research literature has been focusing on job satisfaction which remains a dominant construct in the organizational literature for a variety of reasons. For example, due to lack of job satisfaction, most organizations either perform badly or lose skilled employees to other organizations with strong human resource policies. The primary purpose of this study shows to develop and test a model that examines the mediating role of job satisfaction in Chinese context. In a sample of 261 employees of Small-Medium sized enterprises from service and manufacturing industries in eastern Chinese city-Qingdao, hypotheses were tested and analyzed using SPSS and SEM. Job satisfaction’s position within the nomological network and the mechanism outlined by theories of social exchange suggest that job satisfaction functions as a mediator of the relationship between various antecedent variables and volitional workplace behaviors. We extend social exchange theory to include perceptions of job situation and develop a model that positions job satisfaction as a mediator of the relationships between various perceptual antecedent variables, and four volitional workplace behaviors: citizenship behaviors, job performance, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. The fit of a fully mediated model (Fig. 4-1) is sound and all four classes of antecedents (perceived organizational support, procedural justice, distributive justice, and interactional justice) except for procedural justice contributed uniquely to the prediction of satisfaction. Job satisfaction is also shown to mediate most antecedent-consequence relationships; although two important exceptions are evident, such as perceived organizational support-turnover intention relationship and procedural justice-consequences relationships. Furthermore, only four direct links from perceived organizational support to citizenship behaviors directed at individuals, distributive justice to turnover intention, interactional justice to citizenship behaviors directed at organizations and turnover intention, suggest that job satisfaction does not fully mediate the relationships between perceived organizational support, distributive justice, interactional justice and volitional workplace behaviors. Another purpose of this study shows to provide a better understanding of the relationships of job satisfaction and its subsequent constructs (citizenship behaviors, job performance, organizational commitment and turnover intentions) at leadership position differences and gender differences respectively. That is to testify the presence of additional relationships at each of the two positions (employees and managers) and two genders (male and female) that have been discussed in the organizational literature. The results provided support for partial of the hypothesized associations in the model. All of the relationships of job satisfaction and its consequences except for job performance are not moderated by leadership position. That is leadership position only acted as a moderator on job satisfaction-job performance relationship (the relationship is stronger for managers). In addition, gender also partially acted as moderator on job satisfaction-its consequence relationships (the relationship is stronger for female), such as expected moderating effects between job satisfaction and citizenship behaviors directed at organizations, job satisfaction, and job performance. Thus research that can provide organizations with recommendations and implications for improving work outcomes is managerially relevant. The implications as follows: 1)The influence of employees’ perceptions of organizational support and fairness on volitional workplace attitudes and behaviors are largely mediated through job satisfaction. That is an important confirmation of employees’ job satisfaction’s implicit position within the organization. 2)Interactional ties are more likely to be adequate in accounting for job satisfaction in the context of the Chinese social structure. The Chinese are expected to relate to an organization through the particular relationships that exist between individuals and their superiors. 3)It is crucial to take these differences (leadership position and gender) into account in order to derive the right measures to increase employees’ job satisfaction. Indeed, future research and limitations of these results are discussed.