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韓國企業의 多國籍化 方案에 관한 硏究 : 特히 光州.全南地域 企業을 中心으로
Korean enterprises have been confronted with a turning point in foreign direct investment, which reflects the inevitability of their multinationalization. These firms should overcome tariff and non -tariff barriers imposed by many factors such as neoprotectionism, resource nationalism, formation of regional trade groupings etc. Futhermore, they should absorb high-technology and advanced management know-how to survive under severe competition in international markets. The auther writer tried to outline some plans to extend overseas direct investment and accelerate multinationalization of Korean enterprises as a step for the promotion of exports, as an active way to international marketing. The motives of overseas investment by developed countries are diverse according to their economic conditions, the degree of internationalization, and the time to find markets abroad. Korean enterprises make an effort to securing the raw materials and overseas manufacturing. Besides, in order to promote exports under the changing international economic condition, it's necessary to make inroads into the foreign countries. Korean enterprises which enter into the overseas markets make many contribution strengthening national economy. In the multinationalization process of enterprises, the decision concerning types of investment are important. Then the enterprises have to completely research their target markets to secure excellent man power of international management, and to develop new techniques, to design joint investment and capital cooperation with many foreign enterprises. The government has to develop active and systematic policies to support overseas investement. These policies should include guarantee of a private enterprise's autonomy, improvements in economic laws and tax systems, supports for financial situations, and extension of the insurance system. And we should help local enterprises to extend overseas activities.
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韓國 製造企業의 多國籍化 Pattern에 대한 分析 및 展望
윤영상 漢城大學校 經營大學院 1991 국내석사
The purpose of this study is to seek the patterns and direction of Multinationalization by Korean Manufacturing Firms. The theory on the pattern of Multinationalization of Firms used in this study is commonly referenced major study previoursly completed in this field. The patterns of Multinationalization of Korean Manufacturing Firms are determine by Statistical analysis of secondary data on direct investment of Korean Manufacturing Firms. A major feature of pattern of multinationalization by Korean Manufacturing Firms are as follows : First, Direct Foreign Investment of Korean Manufacturing Firms is concentrate in a specific regin, that is, Southeast Asia and North America. Second, Direct Foreign Investment of Korean Manufacturing Firms is concentrate in a specific industry, that is, the textiles and clothes industry are 46.3 percent of the total investment of Korean Manufacturing Firms. Third, most Multinational Firms in overseas are in great difficulties for operation on the sput. Fourth, motives for direct foreign invetment by Korean Manufacturing Firms are ; 1) to avoid import regulations by an advanced nation, 2) to expand markets by selling abroad, 3) to acquire foreign resources. Fifth, a scale of investment by Korean Manufacturing firms is mostly a small scale. Sixth, there is a difference in the time of overseas exponsion, Moreover, there is a difference in the time of overseas expansion by regional groups. In conclusion, Direct Foreign Investment of Korean Manufacturing Firms should be directed fundamantally towards ; 1) Smoothness of financial favors 2) Advancement in a backward country of labor-intensive industries 3) Advancement in an industrially advanced nation of a technology-intensive industry.
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韓國 企業의 多國籍化를 위한 海外 直接 投資 方案에 대한 硏究
The economic situation of Korea is deteriorated compared with a few years ago. Externally, our economy is faced with pressure of opening domestic market from other advanced countries and with bottleneck in export by tariff and non-tariff barriers estabilished by advanced countries. Internally, our economy also has suffered from up-rising of general price level and weakening of manufacturing corporates' competitiveness. Therefore to cope with these difficulties and to catch up with economic growth it is high time for Korean corporates to mobilize foreign direct investment. In other hands, the foreign direct investment by Korean corporates has been increased tremendousely since last decades and this kind of trend is expected to last for the future. But Korean corporates' foreign direct investment is still in the beginning stage compare to developing countries and newly industrializing countries. In this context, the current increasing volume of foreign direct investment by Korean corporates can be explained by these kind of difficulties that Korean economy faced with. The main purpose of writing this paper is to overview the foreign direct investment by Korean corporates and to clear up the effective factors affecting foreign direct investment and to list up the problems embodided in foreign direct investment by Korean corporates and to suggest desirable ideas based on aforementioned problems. The main contents of this paper comprising all six parts, can be summarized as the following. In section one, this section deals with the purpose and the framework of this study. In section two, this section deals with the definition of multinational corporation, stage and motivation of multinationalization through foreign direct investment and theoretical perspectives about foreign direct investment. This section is mainly composed of summary of existing theories. In section three, this section overview the trend of foreign direct investment of developed countries' MNC (especially Japan) and developing countries' MNC (especially Tiwan). Section four is mainly devised to overview the current situation of foreign direct investment by Korean corporates and the supporting system by the governmental entities. In section five, based upon the above result of the study, the problems embodided in foreign direct investment and the desirable ideas concerning expedition of foreign direct investment is dealt in the view of corporate and investment and this section suggests the future outlook and policy of foreign direct investment. Finally, section six is summary and conclusions. In conclusion, we must regard Korean corporates' multinationalization through foreign direct investment as the first requirement in our economic policy when we consider the reinforcement of a protected trade with foreign countries, the change of international trade environment, the security of natural resources, the weakening of export competitive power and the difficulty of export according to the blocking phenomenon of international economics.
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한국 중소기업의 다국적화와 성과 간 관계에 관한 연구 : 김정순
Previous research on the multinationality-performance relationship has produced mixed arguments and results(Kotabe et al., 2002; Tallman & Li, 1996). The most recent research has focused on explaining the shape of the relationship: linear, U-or inverted-U, or sigmoid. The main goal of our study is to investigate relationship between firm's multinationality degree and performance based on Korean Ventures SMEs that are registered in the Korean KOSDAQ doing overseas exports and overseas activities. Internationalization theorists argue that multinational firms can gain economic benefits from the exploitation of vacation assets across a large number of international markets either by exporting or foreign activities such as establishing foreign subsidiaries, FDI, strategic alliances, M&A. But the scholars who suggest the negative relationship between multinationality and performance emphasize the costs increased with firm's internationalization. Firms should pay for economic and psychological costs whenever they enter a new foreign market. We did our study based on the main two factors that show the degree of the multinationality of the SMEs. It means that the multinationality of firm is measured by two aspects; exporting sales and foreign activities. In the case of exporting sales, they have a U-shaped relationship between the level of exporting sales and SMEs' performance; that is, firm performance declines with initial exporting sales but improves with a greater extent of exporting sales. When it is measured by foreign activities, the pattern shows inverted U-shaped relationship with firm performance. In other words, the relationship between the level of foreign activities and firm performance is positive at low levels of foreign activities but negative at higher levels of foreign activities. It means that the deepen foreign activities such as FDI, M&A, strategic alliances, have a negative influence on performance. Furthermore, we made a multiple analysis on SMEs' control variables like R&D, Firm size, Stock share, Marketing intensity. The marketing intensity is not statistically significant and the R&D intensity has a horizontally inverted U-shaped relationship with performance. Firm size was chosen as a control variable because it could affect performance. The bigger is firm size, the higher is the performance. Moreover, we can assume that the larger the size of the firm , the more influential the role of the information networking in the firm's operation. Marketing intensity is needed to support the manufacturing /sales of products or services more efficiently and also enables to differentiate from competitors and to establish a firm's own brand image(Tseng et al., 2007). The relationship between the marketing intensity and firm performance was statistically significant. The results show negative value. The stock share, special authority person's share holding percentage, has a negative influence on fim performance. Also, this study offers practical guidance to managers in internationalizing firms. Our findings suggest that managers need to take a long-term view of internationalization. At intial stage, there might not be immediate returns from foreign expansion. Also, they need to keep the scope of internationalization activities at an optimal level.
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