정상 성인 남자에서 커피의 카페인이 fine motor와 gross motor, balance에 미치는 영향

이준우 충남대학교 보건ㆍ바이오산업기술대학원 2007 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects on fine motor, gross motor (hand-grip, vertical jump, sit-up) and balance after ingesting caffeine. Hence this study targeted a group of 38 healthy men in their twenties, a sample group, without cardiac disorders, muscle disorders and none of them were hypersensitive to caffeine such as palpitation and dyspnea. Nineteen of them ingested caffeine, whereas the other nineteen men ingested decaffeinated coffee at the same amount. The amount of coffee was controlled by weight so as to intake 6mg caffeine per kg. Research material was evaluated through O'conner's finger dexterity test, han-dgrip strength test, vertical jump test, sit-up test and standing balance test. The data was analyzed by means of paired t-test and ANCOVA. The material was then, analyzed by means of two-way ANOVA in order to verify the effect of one or two cups of coffee on fine and gross motor function. All parameter were measured by an independent observer. The results are as follows. 1. There is no significant difference to fine motor before and after drinking decaffeinated coffee, but there is a difference to fine motor before and after drinking caffeine coffee. 2. There is no significant difference to hand-grip strength before and after drinking decaffeinated coffee, but there is a difference to hand-grip strength before and after drinking caffeine coffee. 3. There is no significant difference to vertical jump before and after drinking decaffeinated coffee; but there is a difference to vertical jump before and after drinking caffeine coffee. 4. There is no significant difference to sit-up before and after drinking decaffeinated coffee, but there is a difference to sit-up before and after drinking caffeine coffee. 5. There is no significant difference to balance both before and after drinking decaffeinated coffee and before and after drinking caffeine coffee. 6. There is no significant difference to fine and gross motor function in one or two cups of coffee. Intake of a certain dosage of caffeine effects activation of muscles working in a short period based on the results. In consequence, intake of a certain dosage of caffeine is good to enhance efficiency of activity in exercise, but it is hard to obtain the desired result with one or two cups of coffee.

초등학교 구강보건실 운영과 구강보건지식 및 행동과의 관계

이길영 충남대학교 보건·바이오산업기술대학원 2008 국내석사

Elementary school oral health care center gives dental health care education and dental caring services for healthy environment. I surveyed elementary school students to find out their dental health care knowledge, behaviors and perception of caries prevention procedures. There are three experimental groups that have oral health care center. One is in Dong-gu, another is in Daeduck-gu, the other is in Se-gu. There are two control group that have oral health care center. One is Se-gu, the other is in Daeduck-gu. This study carried out through self-recording questionnaire and analysis of questionnaire with SPSS (ver. 12.0). The findings of this study are as below : 1. The percent of students obtained over 8 points on questionnaire in which 10 points is perfect of experimental group is higher than that of contrast group. The third form of experimental group is 29.4%, but that of control group is 15.1%. The sixth form of experimental group is 56.8%, but that of control group is 39.8%. 2. Time of teeth brushing of experimental group was superior to that of control group, but there was no statistically significant difference. The period of teeth brushing of experimental group was superior to that of control groups. The TBI of experimental group was inferior to that of control group. The times of visiting dentist year of experimental group was smaller than that of control group. 3. The opportunity of TBI of experimental group was more often than that of control group. 89.6% of the third form and 95.4% of the sixth form of experimental group had got TBI. In the contrast, 73.7% of the third form and 30.8% of the sixth form of control had got TBI(p<0.05). When looking at the results, there was significant difference in dental health care knowledge and perception of caries prevention procedures. Therefore, it seems that the school dental health care center efficiently carried out the dental care and treatment. So, dental health care education program needs to be developed and supported.

보건의료원 진료기능 현황 분석

도문옥 충남대학교 보건·바이오산업기술대학원 2008 국내석사

To analyze regional characteristics of health clinic location and status of health clinic function, the study made a questionnaire from March 20, 2007 to April 20, 2007 with 17 health clinics in Gyeonggi-do Yeoncheon-gun, Gangwon-do Hwacheon-gun, Pyeongchang-gun, Chungnam Taean-gun, Cheongwang-gun, Jeonbuk Muju-gun, Jangsu-gun, Imsil-gun, Sunchang-gun, Jeonnam Jangseong-gun, Gokseong-gun, Wando-gun, Gurye-gun, Gyeongbuk Cheongsong-gun, Uljin-gun, Ulleung-gun and Gyeongnam Sancheong-gun. The result was as follows. 1. Regional characteristics of health clinic location Comparing population at that time of establishing health clinics with the present, it reduced in all of 17 regions and Cheongsong-gun had the largest reduction rate (89.2%) Regions with hospital-grade medical agencies appointed as a regional emergency medical center excepting the regional health clinics were 7 districts (41.2%). 16 districts excepting Taean-gun didn’t have any lying-in hospital and children’s hospital. Specially, only a dental clinic was established in Ulleung-gun. Districts which Eup rates in distance of more than one hour from an emergency medical center in the region with a health clinic were more than 90% were five (29.4%) 2. Status of Health Clinic Function Currently health clinics with double internal structure (Health care business and medical treatment department) were ten (58.8%) and a district with the most jurisdictional number of resident per one employee of a health care was Wando-gun (1064.1 persons). On the other hand, Ulleung-gun had the least jurisdictional number of resident per one employee (153.8). In the standard of the least arrangement by each kind of license, health clinics with not enough physicians were two (11.8%) and districts with not enough nurses were twelve (70.6%). All of 17 districts didn’t have enough pharmacists. Also, most regions didn’t have enough clinic pathology technicians, radiological technicians, physical therapy technicians, nutrition technicians, medical record technicians and emergency rescue specialists. Yeoncheon-gun was the most manpower input into medical treatment of health clinics (56.0%) and Uljin-gun not operating a ward had the least percentage (14.0%). Districts with all of five basic medical departments in the health clinic were eight (47.1%) and districts operating wards were thirteen (76.5%). Twelve districts (70.6%) had health clinics conducting night and holiday medical treatment with ambulances for night to evacuate emergency patients and only Gokseong-gun had a health clinic with radio communication set. Five districts (29.4%) had health clinics performing a surgical operation and only Ulleung-gun had a health clinic giving birth to a child. Only Yeoncheon-gun a health clinic giving a medical treatment for five cancers and two districts didn’t give a medical treatment for five cancers. Cervix cancer out of five cancers was operated most and only Yeoncheon-gun gave a medical treatment of colon cancer and hepatoma.

정기 건강검진 수진자의 간기능 수준에 따른 생활습관 변화

윤달식 충남대학교 보건ㆍ바이오산업기술대학원 2007 국내석사

In order to control the patients suffering from the liver efficiently and lower the rate of occurrence by observing the obesity, smoking, drinking, and the change of exercise habit as well as watching closely the effect that the life habitual change has on the LFT mean value and the liver function abnormal ratio change, this research was carried out on 4092 people who took a medical checkup at Korea Association of Health in Taejon-Chungnam province in 2002 and 2004. The contents of the research cover drinking, smoking, exercise, and obesity degree change and the items of a medical checkup were AST, ALT, GGT and LFT putting together three items. The major results are as followings; 1. Compared to 2002, in 2004 there was a decrease in BMI ratio, smoking ratio, and alcohol drinking ratio by 1.6%, 1.9%, 0.7% respectively, whereas there was a increase in the group taking regular exercise by 2.6%. 2. Compared to 2002, in 2004 there was a decrease in the LFT mean value; AST, ALT, and GGT by 1.56IU/L, 0.66IU/L, 3.94IU/L respectively. 3. Compared to 2002, in 2004 there was a decrease in the liver function abnormal ratio; AST, ALT, GGT, and LFT by 1.8%, 0.3%, 2.7%, 2.4% respectively. 4. In the life style change by the liver function level, there was a significant decrease in BMI ratio; 1.4% in the normal group / 3.0% in the abnormal group, smoking ratio; 1.9% in the LFT normal group / 2.5% in the abnomal group, and drinking ratio; 0.3% in the LFT normal group / 3.6% in the abnormal group. On the other hand, there was a slight increase in the group doing regular exercise; 2.4% in the LFT normal group / 3.6% in the abnormal group. 5. The LFT risk by life style was 4.757 times higher in the male than in the female in 2002, 3.775 times in 2004; 3.264 times higher in the obesity group than in the group having normal weight in 2002, 3.891 times in 2004; 2.923 times higher in the group having a smoke than in the nonsmoker group in 2002, 2.744 times in 2004; 3.294 times higher in the group having a drink than in the nondrinker group in 2002, 2.455 times in 2004; 1.158 times higher in the regular exercise group than in the irregular exercise group in 2002, 1.105 times in 2004, but it doesn't matter in terms of statistical figures. 6. In order to investigate the effects that the gender and daily life style can have on the results of AST, ALT, GGT, multivariate regression analysis conducted was as followings; the gender, obesity degree, smoking, drinking, and whether or not to take exercise were the significant variable of AST and ALT. whereas the gender, obesity degree, smoking, and drinking were the significant variable of GGT.

한 대학병원 건강검진센터에 내원한 건강검진 수진자들의 관상동맥질환 위험인자의 유병률

김은숙 충남대학교 보건ㆍ바이오산업기술대학원 2007 국내석사

This study was conducted to assess the distribution of coronary risk factors(CRF) such as body mass index(BMI), body fat rate(% fat), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglyceride(TG) and fasting blood sugar(FBS), and evaluate the risk profile of coronary heart disease by the clustering of the CRF in an local inhabitants. The study sample consists of 3,345 adults aged 30s - 60s years(1,917 males, 1,428 females), not recognized as taking medicines for or having cardiovascular diseases, who underwent health package check-up at the health examination center of a university-affiliated hospital in Daejon Metropolitan City. The survey was conducted to their socio-demographic characteristics, measured the anthropometric variables and analyzed the biochemical markers from Dec. 2005 to Feb. 2006. The major findings of the present study were as follows: 1. The prevalence rates of CRF of study subjects were 44.2% in BMI risk group, 33.7% in TC risk group, 27.4% in hypertension risk group, 25.3% in body percentage risk group, 18.0% in LDL-C risk group, 14.0% in HDL-C risk group, 12.8% in TG risk group, and 3.2% in FBS risk group. 2. The prevalence rates of CRF by sex, the risk group of DBP, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and FBS in males were higher than in females. But the risk group of body fat rate and SBP in females were higher than in males. 3. The prevalence rates of CRF by age, the risk group of BMI were increased from 30s to 50s, but it were decreased in 60s. Whereas, the risk group of body fat rate, TC, FBS were increased as their age ascend. 4. The proportion of subjects with 1, 2, 3, 4 and or more risk factors were 27.6%, 26.5%, 16.9% and 9.1%, respectively, therefore, the 80.0% of total subjects had at least one more risk factor. From these findings, this study concluded that the prevalence rates of CRF were relatively high. These data provide further evidence that the early intervention for coronary health prevention and promotion in general adult population is necessary at the population level.

한 보건기관에 내원한 기초생활수급노인과 비수급노인의 정신적 및 신체적 건강도 비교

박정아 충남대학교 보건ㆍ바이오산업기술대학원 2007 국내석사

This study was performed to provide the fundamental data available in the field of the elderly health of the low-income bracket by researching and comparing related factors for the assessment of the degree of depression, cognitive function, ADL and IADL, manifesting their mental and physical health status between elderly welfare recipients and non-elderly welfare recipients. The objects was 402 elderly person over 65-year-old who live in Daejeon. The survey was performed during the two-month from May to June by interviewing and comparing their general characteristics, depression, cognitive function, ADL and IADL. 1. The degree of depression among 402 objects showed that 31.3% had mild depression, 14.4% had moderate and 1.7% had severe while 52.5% were normal. The percentage of elderly welfare recipients was higher in mild depression and above. The degree of cognitive function ascertained that 29.9% had mild cognitive impairment and 8.0% had severe while 62.2% were normal. The percentage of elderly welfare recipients was higher in mild cognitive impairment and above. The degree of ADL revealed that 90.8% had normal range and 9.2% had impairment ADL. The percentage of elderly welfare recipients was higher in impairment ADL group. The degree of IADL showed that 65.9% had normal range and 34.1% had impairment IADL. The percentage of elderly welfare recipients was higher in impairment IADL group. 2. Based on general characteristics, depression scores were significantly higher in the female, illiteracy and unhealthy group. In case of elderly welfare recipients, they were significantly higher than non-elderly welfare recipients in the unsound sleeping time, non-smoker, non-drinker and irregular exercise group. Cognitive function scores were significantly higher in the male and middle school and above group. In case of elderly welfare recipients, the regular exercise group was significantly higher. ADL scores of elderly welfare recipients were significantly higher in non-cohabitant and healthy group. In case of non-elderly welfare recipients, the current-drinker group was significantly higher. IADL scores were significantly higher in the healthy group. In case of elderly welfare recipients, they were significantly higher in non-cohabitant, sound sleeping time and regular exercise group. 3. The correlation coefficients among depression, cognitive function, ADL and IADL ascertained that in case of elderly welfare recipients, depression was significantly negative correlations with cognitive function, ADL and IADL. Cognitive function and IADL were significantly positive correlations. ADL and IADL were significantly positive correlations. In case of non-elderly welfare recipients, depression was significantly negative correlations with ADL and IADL. ADL and IADL were significantly positive correlations. 4. We found out the results following by stepwise multiple regression analysis. First, depression might to be influenced by the health status, the degree of education, the sleeping time and the exercise in elderly welfare recipients, otherwise the health status, the degree of education, the presence of spouse or not and the sleeping time in non-elderly welfare recipients. Second, cognitive function might to be influenced by the age, the sex and the exercise in elderly welfare recipients, otherwise the degree of education, the health status, the presence of spouse or not, the sleeping time and the living status in non-elderly welfare recipients. Third, ADL might to be influenced by the sex, the health status, the living status and the drinking in elderly welfare recipients, otherwise the drinking in non-elderly welfare recipients. Finally, IADL might to be influenced by the health status, the living status, the sleeping time and the exercise in elderly welfare recipients, otherwise the age, the degree of education, the health status and the drinking in non-elderly welfare recipients. 5. In logistic regression analysis of depression, cognitive function, ADL and IADL, odds ratio about depression showed that elderly welfare recipients was 3.20 times higher than non-elderly welfare recipients. In case of cognitive function, odds ratio was higher 0.91 times in elderly welfare recipients but it was insignificant. In case of ADL, it was significantly higher 6.87 times in elderly welfare recipients. In case of IADL, odds ratio was higher 1.02 times in elderly welfare recipients but it was insignificant. As a result, elderly welfare recipients was higher than non-elderly welfare recipients in degree of depression on the other hand, in cognitive function, ADL and IADL, was lower. Also, we got to know that the depression, cognitive function, ADL and IADL were related with not only socio-demographic characteristics like the age, the degree of education, the presence of spouse or not and the health status but also health behavior characteristics like the sleeping time, the drinking and the exercise. Therefore, hereafter project of health promotion and programs that can improve factors as is stated for elderly welfare recipients should be developed and practiced.

알코올중독 환자와 정상 음주자간의 음주갈망에 대한 비교

김선복 충남대학교 보건ㆍ바이오산업기술대학원 2007 국내석사

This study was conducted to evaluate alcohol drinking craving between alcoholics and moderate drinkers and the factors having effects on alcohol drinking craving. Alcoholics surveyed were selected 155 persons selected from general hospital located in Nonsan Chungnam and 3 mental hospitals of Daejeon Metropolitan area who were either hospitalized or treated as outpatients. moderate drinkers were selected 210 persons selected from working men who are between 25 and 60 years of age in Nonsan Chungnam. The survey was held from May 15, 2006 to June 30, 2006. Questionnaire used for this survey was formed with sociological population characteristics, clinical features of alcoholics, psychical characteristics of alcoholics, behavioral distinction of drinking, and alcohol drinking craving scale. Evaluation of alcohol drinking craving scale per group is based upon Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) developed by Anton(1995) and translated in Korean(Moon Jong Choi, 2002). The analysis was held as single variate analysis and multi logistic revolution analysis, and multi variate revolution analysis with dependent variable as drinking tendencies and independent variable as other variables. 1. Alcohol drinking craving scores of alcoholics were 21.7±10.9, drinking tendency points of moderate drinkers were 7.9±7.4. There was a significant difference between two groups. Furthermore, there were significant differences between each group of alcoholics and moderate drinkers as a result of classifying observation of evaluating compulsive thought of alcohol use against Obsessive Drinking Scale (ODS) and evaluating compulsive behavior of drinking against Compulsive Drinking Scale (CDS). 2. Alcohol drinking craving scores of sociological population characteristics showed higher rate in less-educated and unemployed group of alcoholics, and large family group ranked the highest rate in moderate drinking group. 3. Alcohol drinking craving scores of clinical distinctiveness regarding alcohol were significantly higher in people who drank for the first time before the age of 20, people who drink 48gm or more alcohol at one time, people who had 336gm or more alcohol intake in a week, people who have desire to drink before meals, people who have medical conditions related to drinking, and people who smoke group of alcoholics, They were significantly higher in people who drank for the first time before the age of 20, people who drank 48gm or more alcohol at one time , people who had 336gm or more alcohol intake in a week, people who have desire to drink before meals, people who smoke, in moderate drinking group. 4. Alcohol drinking craving scores of psychical characteristics regarding alcohol were significantly higher in people who have family history of alcoholics, people who have family history of suicide and depression, people who suffer from psychological condition other than alcoholism, people who have attempted suicide, people who have the experience of outpatient treatment with alcoholism, people who have the experience of hospitalized treatment with alcoholism, people who have the experience of loss of memory after drinking, people who have the experience of alcohol withdrawal symptom, and people. There were significantly higher in people who have the experience of outpatient treatment with alcoholism, people who have the experience of hospitalized treatment with alcoholism, people who have the experience of loss of memory after drinking, people who have the experience of alcohol withdrawal symptom from moderate drinking group. 5. Alcohol drinking craving of behavioral characteristics regarding alcohol were significantly high in group who drink Soju, a kind of alcohol, group who drink 4 cups or more of alcohol at one time, group who drink 4 or more times a week, group who drink with drinking mates, group drink alcohol with side dishes, group who drink in the morning, group who have the experience of drinking more than legal limit of alcohol for driving, group who have the experience of being given legal punishment due to alcohol, group who have the experience of traffic accidents due to DWI(Driving While Intoxicated) in alcoholics group. They were significantly higher in group who drink 4 cups or more alcohol at one time, group who drink 4 or more times a week, group who drink with drinking mates, group who drink alcohol with side dishes, group who drink in the morning, group who have the experience of drinking more than legal limit of alcohol for driving, group who have the experience of being given legal punishment due to alcohol, group who have the experience of traffic accidents due to DWI(Driving While Intoxicated) in moderate drinking group. 6. Comparison risk against alcohol drinking craving score of alcoholics group was 13.31(8.04~22.04) as a result of calculating odds ratio through multi-logistic revolution analysis. Odds ratio of alcohol drinking craving were significantly higher in people who have desire to drink before meals 3.61(1.53~8.50)times, people who have medical conditions related to drinking 2.90(1.50~5.59)times, people who smoke group 2.31(1.08~4.94)times, people who suffer from psychological condition other than alcoholism 2.91(1.51~5.60)times, people who have the experience of loss of memory after drinking 3.38(1.43~7.98)times, people who have the experience of alcohol withdrawal symptom 2.95(1.50~5.81)times, group drink alcohol with side dishes 2.64(1.37~5.11)times, group who have the experience of traffic accidents due to DWI(Driving While Intoxicated) 3.34(1.29~5.11)times in alcoholics group. 7. As a result of multi variate revolution analysis, the factors which affect drinking tendencies of alcoholics were selected by alcohol intake per week, drinking frequency per week, drinking desire timing, The power of the explanation was 26.9%. The factors which affect drinking tendencies of moderate drinkers were selected by alcohol intake per 1 time, alcohol intake per week, marriage status, and the power of the explanation was 30.1%. After considering all the factors as mentioned above, alcohol drinking craving of alcoholics are affected mostly by sociological population characteristics, clinical features of alcoholics, psychical characteristics of alcoholics, and behavioral distinction of drinking. Therefore, it is suggested that the efficiently tackled strategy, development program of overall management of alcohol drinking craving, need for study to reduce drinking tendencies of alcoholics, to prevent recurrence of alcoholics, and to continuously manage against becoming alcoholics, to establish social supporting system, and to reduce alcohol drinking craving for alcoholics in local community.

Zebrafish 혈관발생에서 ldb2 유전자의 발현 및 기능 분석

최동훈 충남대학교 보건·바이오산업기술대학원 2007 국내석사

LIM homeodomain proteins are developmental regulators whose functions depend on synergism with LIM domain binding proteins (Ldb proteins). LIM homeodomain has double zinc-finger motifs which have been shown to mediate protein?protein interactions. Ldb proteins are transcriptional activators that associate with the LIM homeoproteins and coordinate in target gene transcription. LIM homeodomain proteins and Ldb proteins play critical roles in vertebrate development and cellular differentiation. To study the in vivo function of Ldb proteins, I isolated zebrafish ldb2 gene. The zebrafish Ldb2 protein was composed of 385 amino acids and showed a 87 % amino acid identity with human and mouse counterparts. ldb2 is expressed ubiquitously at early gastrulation stage, but its expression is restricted to vessel cells at later stages, implying its possible role in vessel development. Angiogenesis is a process of which new blood vessels develop by sprouting of preexisting vessels. Knock-down of ldb2 gene, using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, inhibited normal sprouting of intersegmental vessels and showed severe defects in pathfinding of vessel cells. These results suggest that ldb2 gene has a critical role in zebrafish angiogenesis.

의약품 사용평가(DUR) 시스템으로 분석한 한 대학병원의 약물 사용실태

유미선 충남대학교 보건·바이오산업기술대학원 2008 국내석사

대전의 한 대학병원을 대상으로 의약품사용평가(DUR)제도의 시행이 의약품 사용에 미친 영향을 조사하기 위해, 보건복지부 안전성 고시 전후의 약물 사용 실태를 DUR 선별검사 프로그램 시행 전인 2004년과 시행 후인 2006년으로 상호 비교하였다. 2004년에는 특정 연령대 금기 성분 처방 275건, 병용금기 성분 조합 처방 725건, 2006년에는 특정 연령대 금기 성분 처방 280건과 병용금기 성분 조합 처방 195건이 발행되었으며 이를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 특정 연령대 금기 처방의 경우 외래는 Tacrolimus와 Pimecrolimus 외용제, Topiramate제제가 전체 금기 처방의 90% 이상을 차지했으며, 외래는 DUR 프로그램 시행 후인 2006년에 2004년 대비 27.4%가 감소하였고, 입원은 2004년 대비 151.1%가 증가하였다. 2. 병용금기 성분 조합 처방의 경우 외래는 2006년에 2004년 대비 54.8%가 감소하였으며, 입원은 2004년 대비 75.2%가 감소하였다. 3. 특정 연령대 금기 및 병용금기 약품의 처방은 특정한 과에서만 위반하는 사례가 많았으며, 성별, 계절, 입원기간, 처방일수 등의 특성과는 관계가 없었다. 결론적으로 DUR 프로그램 시행 후에 연령금기와 병용금기 약품의 사용이 일반적으로 감소하였다. 그러나 대체 가능 약물이 없는 경우 임상의의 수용(acceptance)이 낮아 기존의 DUR 시스템에서 임상치료의 특수성을 일부 인정하고, 임상의의 판단 하에 신중하게 투여할 수 있도록 새로운 기준을 제시해야 할 것이다. To investigate the operation of the Drug Utilization Review (DUR) system on drug use at a National University Hospital, the actual conditions of drug use in the year of 2004 and 2006 were compared, under which each year was represented as before and after the operation of the DUR screening program. The analysis was conducted using 275 prescriptions of age-limited drugs and 725 prescriptions of contraindicated drug combinations in 2004 and 280 prescriptions of age-limited drugs and 195 prescriptions of contraindicated drug combinations in 2006. The results are presented as follows; 1. As for age-limited prescriptions, Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus (external use) and Topiramate preparations were mainly prescribed for outpatients, which reached to more than 90% of total age-limited prescriptions in both 2004 and 2006. Comparing those in 2004, 27.4% of prescriptions for outpatients was decreased and 151.1% of prescriptions for inpatients was increased in 2006, respectively. 2. As for contraindicated drug combinations, comparing those in 2004, 54.8% of prescriptions for outpatients was decreased and 75.2% of prescriptions for inpatients was also decreased in 2006, respectively. 3. Violation on prescription to age-limited drugs and contraindicated drug combinations was mainly seen in a specific department, and it is not considered that this violation was related to sex, duration of hospitalization and day of prescription of patients and seasonal factor. In conclusion, the prescription number of age-limited drugs and contraindicated drug combinations was decreased in 2006, the year after introduction of DUR program. However, acceptance of doctors to age-limited drugs and contraindicated drug combinations is low if an alternative drug is not available at that time. Therefore, admitting the specific situation of medical treatment of doctors under current DUR system, it is considered that a new guideline should be presented to allow doctors to carefully prescribe contraindication drugs under their judgement.

심실중격결손증 환아의 변형초여과법에 의한 공여혈액 사용 감소효과

김미형 충남대학교 보건·바이오산업기술대학원 2008 국내석사