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윌리엄 블레이크의『순수의 노래』와『경험의 노래』에 나타난 사회비판
The purpose of this thesis is to research William Blake‘s(1757-1827) socio-critical spirit in Songs of Innocence(1789) and Songs of Experience(1794). Blake is a poet who has keen eyes for the dehumanization and the social problems caused by industrialism in England during the 18th century. The Industrial Revolution in England has largely developed English society and makes people's lives more comfortable; however, it leads to inhuman conditions in the traditional social system. Under the influence of Locke's Rationalism, Romanticism rises throughout Europe. Such atmosphere stimulates Blake and he tries to combine imagination and his poems to seek his utopian vision. In Songs of Innocence, Blake represents an imaginative vision of the world “Innocence” which doesn't merely mean a paradise. Innocence is symbolized by the child and the lamb. But the children a symbol of innocence are abandoned by their parents and treated as a tool of hard work. The world of Innocence appears a peaceful world, but it reflects many social problems; therefore, this world is fragile because the world of “Experience” always threatens the state of Innocence. In this innocent world, we can see the potential sufferings that surrounds the world of Innocence. On the other hand, Blake describes the human beings in the world of Experience after destruction of the innocence. Experience is symbolized by adults, hypocrisy, law and church. The world of experience is a society which is full of restrictions by dominant ideology, oppressing laws and hypocritical religion. Blake's poetry aims at getting harmony through conflict of contraries. “Without Contraries are no Progression. Attraction and Repulsion, Reason and Energy, Love and Hate are necessary to Human existence.” Contraries are indispensible for progressing toward harmony and it is a very important concept in Blake's poetry that pursues the retrieval of humanity and the construction of paradise. The world of Innocence and that of experience are contrary to each other, but still open to a higher innocent world. Blake believes that free energy can lead to a world of harmony and he suggests the “New Age” to us that the ancients called “Golden Age”. Reading Songs of Innocence and Experience makes us recognize the problems of modern society and aspire the higher innocence.
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