禪佛敎를 통한 불교 상담 考察

노수향 동국대학교 불교문화대학원 2007 국내석사

It is not easy to define Buddhist Counselling in a word accurately. It seems that there is no correlation between Buddhism and counselling. All the things, however, Buddha spoke to people after achieving the enlightenment are counselling. As the role of Buddhism is to assist people to recover the original nature of human by performing practice so the role of counselling is to help them solve their problems, sufferings and difficulties occurring in their mind and recover their mental peace by asking questions and answering the questions. Buddhism is a religion of mind and enlightenment. Buddhist counselling is a kind of counselling that make the person realize the way of cause and occasion and help them get out of their mental problems. Western counselling focuses on the present appearances that are seen easily without studying the real root of the problems. On the contrary Buddhist counselling focuses on overcoming basic suffering of human beings and difficulties occurring in routine life. In order to solve these problems the thought and practice of Seon Buddhism can be an alternative. The characteristic of Seon Buddhism is realizing the real nature of human being and practicing what they realize in everyday life. The manners of practicing Seon Buddhism can be divided into two parts-Meditation Sitting and Dialogue of Seon. Meditation Sitting means to achieve the great meanings of Buddha and reach enlightenment. Dialogue of Seon is a way of practice to confirm the achievement and real nature of human beings by talking with Seon master and trainee each other. Dialogue of Seon is a counselling for Soen masters to inspect the students if the students are in the condition of Seon symptoms-mind of discrimination, mind of classification, prejudice, stereotype and illusion or not. That is, Seon masters ask questions to the students and the students answer the questions. In the course of actions the master catch the level of practice and lead the student to approach enlightenment. The dialogue in itself can be thought that it is different from the modern established way of counselling. But it can be said a process of counselling because the students consult the masters the problems they have in the course of practice of Seon and they can solve their problems. It is the fact that contents of dialogue of Seon are difficult for common people to understand. The real message of the master, however, is normal mind of human beings. The normal mind of human being is the causes, which creates psychological problems often examined by modern psychical counselling. As all the causes of problems treated by modern psychical counselling are the normal mind of human beings the dialogue of Seon can be used as modern counselling. As the wisdom process of Seon Buddhism is endless and ceaseless, the buddhist counselling is the certain way that can solve various problems in changing modern society. Buddhist counselling is not losing the identity of you and I but reconfirms and reestablishes what the identity of you and I really are by meeting and talking each other. It also helps people recognize the fact that all the causes of the problems they have comes from themselves and enables them to find the solutions not in other place but now and here. The buddhist counselling based on Seon buddhism is the process of changing point of view of themselves and watching the world more flexible. The buddhist counselling through Seon buddhism is a kind of counselling that achieve the real nature of human beings and obtain endless happiness.

현대가족문제에 대한 불교상담적 접근 : 부모-자녀간의 갈등해소를 중심으로

천윤숙 동국대학교 2007 국내석사

A family has such an important meaning to a person who has an effect on all of community, as you know. Therefore the family things must be considered preferentially to understand and solve the person's psychological problem or all society problem. That's why this study was started by focusing on the family. "Dependent Originaton" is the kernel of abstraction in Buddhism which regards the teaching of Buddha as the high priority. "Dependent Originaton" explaining the generation and extinction of existence is a law about all existences of the world. I'm going to understand the frame of family, the relationship of family and the person who is a member of family in terms of the law of this "Dependent Originaton". Firstly, family has a causationism's relationship with the society environment and it has been changing. Each family forms society and that family has changed as the society environment changes. Also the change of family repeats the causal relationship that the changing makes an effect to the society again. Secondly, the relationships existing in a family(relationship of conjugal, relationship between parent and children, and brothers and sisters, etc.) have a feature that they are dependent on each thing. These relationships support and develop a family by doing their jobs and rules individually in a family. Thirdly, family has changed by a regular period and sometimes it doesn't exist. In Buddhism "Nonsef" can explain this. The change of family doesn't make only a change of shape, but also of rule of family members. Hence the family has not their fixed and unchanged shape. Therefore the family must be here and keep neutrality and their figure of the moment. This is "Middle-Way" in Buddhism. Based on that I mentioned before, I applied "Sim-Wo-Do"(ten oxberding pictures), which is a Buddhism consultative approaching, to how to solve problems that are occurred between parent and children in family. In Buddhism "Sim-Wo-Do"(ten oxberding pictures) is 10 drawings which portrays the way to get Enlightenment through Seon Practice. Each drawing has the process to find themselves by men and cows. It is applied to how to solve problems that are occurred between parent and children. According to that, to solve problems between parent and children, it is important that we see and understand the occurring problem without prejudice but with Dependent Originaton understanding about relationship between parent and children. In addition, never staying on his Enlightenment, we have to help our children, who will be like us in days to come, to get Enlightenment. So far, we thought and understand the family problem in terms of Buddhism and we tried to find a solution through a mode of practice in Buddhism. From now I hope that many studies about family consultation are accomplished in Buddhism consultation. It is urgent to develop a program which can be used right now.

사성제 관점에서 본 정신분석 상담

김영애 동국대학교 2012 국내석사

MBCT(Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression, 마음챙김 명상에 기초한 인지치료)에 대한 佛敎的 考察 : 12연기와 위빠사나 명상을 중심으로

김병국 동국대학교 2014 국내석사

Cognitive therapy is the most proven scientific and clinical techniques of Depression treatment. Depression relapse prevention techniques one step further than this technique is the MBCT. MBCT is new Depression relapse prevention program which mindfulness(sati) meditation and Cognitive therapy techniques combined. On the other hand, Buddhism are as follows: At the time of the Buddha, Opinion is and the eternalistic view(sassata diṭṭhi) and the nihilistic view(uccheda diṭṭhi), Mental Culture(bhāvanā) is samatha training and ascetic training. Both deny, and He found new The middle path(majjhimā paṭipadā) and new Buddhist meditation(samatha and vipassanā) The subject of consultation of MBCT is a person who have Depression experience. The subject of Buddhism is all the unknown living. The source of recurrence in MBCT is thirst(taṇhā), and the source of Dukkha in Buddhism is ignorance (avijjā). For treatment principle, MBCT has decentralized the negative thoughts through awareness of mindfulness meditation and Depression is treated. Buddhism will realize the nature of reality by Impermanency(anicca)ㆍPain(dukkha)ㆍNo-Soul (anattan) wisdom through awareness of mindfulness meditation. Then, Attachment to put down and We are freed from the target. MBCT is the practice of 8 session training program and Buddhism is the practice of Ethical Conduct(sīla)ㆍMental Discipline(samādhi)ㆍWisdom(paññā). Mindfulness(sati) meditation technique of Buddhism is similar with MBCT. If there is difference, MBCT is limited a person who have Depression experience. and Buddhism is all the living who do not realize. Treatment tools does same Mindfulness meditation, but MBCT focuses on Decentering, and Buddhism focuses on sati only and continuance of sati. MBCT is not in the realization of a self and Buddhism is in the realization of a self. Because View is different. MBCT is thought to exist independently a self with craving and basic perspectives and mental models, which experienced when was Depression. Even decentralized, it will be still remains and The future will be able to recur. Buddhism is thought to occur self and thirst(taṇhā) because of ignorance(avijjā). Because it is ignorant to see my ideas without seeing as it is, That is because the attachment. If you realize ignorance, thirst and self will disappear. The way to set down the attachment have to do only sati. We have to do sati for 24 hours and We have to hold on a Topic for 24 hours. Then, Desire(ragā)ㆍhatred(dosa)ㆍillusion(moha), defilement(āsava) will be disappear and will be to free from all Dukkha.

진언수행(신묘장구대다라니)의 심신치유 효과에 관한 사례연구

김준표(무념) 동국대학교 2012 국내석사

In this study, Korean Traditional Buddhist Mantra Meditation using the maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼), one of the Korean traditional mantras, was tested whether it may have physical and mental relaxation effect. Many of Buddhist meditation techniques have been adopted to many fields including not only counselling but clinical approach. Mindfulness-based programs including MBSR, MBCT, ACT, and DBT have been widely used and spreaded through out the world. Scientific research has played the key role in their application in many departments. Although there are many supreme meditation techniques in Korea, few of them have been adapted to counselling programs. The Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara Sūtra is the most famous Korean sutra. The maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼), the main mantra in which is one of the most popular Buddhist mantras in Korea. Recitation of the maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼) is similar to that of TM which many scientific research have been accumulated in. Three volunteers who have been Buddhists for years were collected for the mantra recitation to be practiced for three hours. Before and after the maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼) practice, EEG(electroencephalogram) of the participates were measured and eight quotients were calculated from them. As a result some of the quotients increased, and others decreased. But BQ, which shows the final brain condition, increased for all of the three participates. To add the experiential and qualitative meaning to the scientific data, narrative inquiry was gathered from the participates and combined with those quotients. Here are the summary of final results for three participates. All of the eight quotients except left-BRQ increased for A after the practice. According to A, after the maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼) practice, A 'felt more relieved and mentally relaxed' and 'got positive physical feelings'. B reported that she has been practicing mantra meditation everyday for a year. Before the practice, EEG and the quotients of B showed the best condition among the three. However only right-BRQ and left-ACQ among the quotients improved after 3 hour mantra practice. Although EEG suggested that B take a rest instead of 3 hour practice, B reported that B 'felt more relieved after the practice in comparison to the physical condition'. EEG and quotients of C after the practice showed almost similar or slightly decreasing compared to before the practice. Before the practice, C felt 'tired', 'nervous about the EEG test', and 'worried about the EEG result because her vestibular organs were in trouble.' After 3 hour's practice C felt 'more calm and quiet in mind.' From those three case studies, we can draw some conclusions. First, Korean Traditional Buddhist Mantra Meditation has the effect of reducing stress level. Second, daily practice of mantra meditation may contribute to physical and mental fitness. Third, mantra meditation helps the practitioner relax mentally in spite of the physical tiredness. This study is the first trial of EEG and narrative inquiry using the Korean traditional Buddhist mantra meditation. Although this study has many shortages, it may initiate the scientific research and application of Korean Buddhist mantra meditation. Key words: mantra, meditation, maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼), EEG(electroencephalogram), Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara Sūtra

몸의 관점에서 본 실존상담과 불교상담

이건우 서울불교대학원대학교 2019 국내석사

『화엄경』의 십바라밀을 통한 상담자의 자기도야

구영미 東國大學校 2015 국내석사

Traditionally, the counseling field was dominated by the psychologists, philosophers, and psychiatrists. Now more people in the religion field as well as the lay men participate in the counselling field. Accordingly, the scholars on the counseling have continued to study on the programs which would effectively solve the issue of the counselees and also make the counselors themselves get improved of their capabilities. In case of Buddhist counseling, a lot of efforts have been made to develop the counseling programs which have the feature of Buddhism and improve the capability of the counselors. While the counselors learn the counseling technique and give the counseling services in practices, they face the various problems related to the conflict with the counselees or the failure of counselling as well as the uncertainty in the self identity as the counsellors and the lack of awakening of their inner self. To overcome the negative experiences, the counselors need to retrospect themselves and give deep thoughts on themselves. The integration of the technical knowledge to the counseling practices and the effort of self realization as the mechanism of development of continued professionalism and enlightenment can start only with the self examination. Avatamsaka sutra teaches 10 principles (paramita) for Bodhisattva to practice focusing on the mind of Bodhisattva to save the people and self awakening. It can be said that as they are for the pursuit of self realization and for not avoiding the other's agony, they are the desirable attitude for counselors. If the counselors can accomplish their own self management, they would become good counselors from the perspective of Buddhist as they can make the self growth and give the efficient counselling to the counselees. The Buddhism is based on the idea of "mutual benefits to me and others" such as "Seek the enlightenment at the upside and save the general public at the downside". The Buddhist counselling does not only reflect the knowledge but also shows the practices of wisdom and love. The mind of benefiting to all people through the broad wisdom and the service of Bodhisattva, leading them to the comfort and happiness and getting out of the agony are just the practices of Bodhisattva. Accordingly, the Buddhist counselor' problems such as the uncertainty in self identity, self enlightenment, doubt in their own personality and conflict with the people during consultation can be solved through the completion of their own personality. If the counselors try to conduct the self examination for the self development by practicing 10 principles(paramita) of Bodhisattva based on the ideology of Bodhisattva, they would overcome the difficulties and limitation encountered during the counseling and accomplish good counselling as good counselors and reach their own enlightenment.

선불교상담에서 심신불가분성과 돈오

곽대호 서울불교대학원대학교 2019 국내석사

불교의 요가 수행을 통한 심리치료 : 아스탕가 요가 수행체계 중심으로

이미경 동국대학교 불교문화대학원 2007 국내석사

The purpose of this study is First is to find the causes of psychological problems and mental anguish of human through Buddhism and Yoga. Second is to understand the importance and the necessity of the personal practice in Buddhism and yoga achievement that appears in the practice of Buddhism. Third is to recognize the psychological effectiveness achieved on the process of analyzing and performing the each level of the practices of classical yoga. Fourth, With traditional achievement system of yoga the real values of the practice of yoga can be admitted and applied to modern counselling and psychical cure for improving human mental conditions. The traditional yoga can be said that it is a kind of a practical method of achievement in the early Buddhism. The view of human in Buddhism is that everyone has the nature of buddha and to be as human being or to be as a buddha depend on their mind. That is, everything is created by their mind. In Buddhism it is said that human consist of panca-skandha form, perceptions, thought, mental formations, consciousness. All kinds of mental pains are originated from ignorance and this ignorance causes psychological pains. By performing yoga practice we can control the mind and obtain psychological peaceful mind condition. Generally, three types of yoga are used to performing yoga practice. One is Astanga yoga another is Hatha yoga and the last is Raja yoga. Astanga yoga emphasizes ethical commandment and admonition to be kept. Astanga yoga is not to restrict human free will but to find the real nature of human and to obtain peaceful mind condition and the real I. On the other hand Hatha yoga emphasizes physical practice rather than Astanga yoga. Asana- a way of physical yoga practice-and Pranayama- a way of breathing- are important part of Hatha yoga. Practicing Hatha yoga enable human to vitalize their body system and to clear their mind. Concentration and meditation are the core factors in Raja yoga. Practicing Raja yoga helps to concentrate on one subject in mind and maintain the concentration and finally reach the real relaxation. At the moment of performing yoga practice all the process of mind stops and enables us to gaze in one spot in mind and finally make us to realize that all the appearance occurring in mind is just action of mind created by cause and occasion like chains. The the existing state of things and the real nature of human are not different things. They are come from the same origin. The entire practical system of Astanga yoga is to balance human body condition and mind condition. Performing physical practice improves mind condition and vice versa. In modern society yoga is just known as a kind of physical practice method. But yoga has more meanings than what we think. As human beings consist of physical things and spiritual things they are interacting each other. They seem to be far from each other but actually are not. In order to improve their conditions we must know what the real relations they have. At this point the traditional yoga is not simple physical practice method. By performing yoga practice we can achieve not only physical advancement but also spiritual promotion. Furthermore mastering each stage of yoga we can reduce personal stress and tension, overcome mental obstacles and finally achieve the real goal Modern medical science and western psychical cure have an effect on healing small parts of spirit and body of human. But yoga is not a way of therapy that only heals one part of problems human beings might have. Yoga can be holistic way of therapy. By performing the practice of yoga human can solve their physical and spiritual problems and change themselves and achieve the real goal.

불교상담모델에 따른『법화경』장자궁자의 비유

정지훈 서울불교대학원대학교 2018 국내석사