공동주택 지하주차장 평면형태 및 환기구의 배치에 따른 공기유동에 관한 연구

박성원 부산대학교 2010 국내석사

The study on the airflow based on the array of ventilator and plan of the underground parking lot in apartment As demands of the residents have been variously changing according to the construction of the apartment house and the fast economic growth, the construction companies spurs the development of the apartment house flavored with environmental friendly factors. Also because of the multiple apartment project, the basement car park alone can not handle the rapid growth of the vehicles and the resident puts more and more emphasis on securing car park space for the freedom from the vehicles on the ground and for the safety of their children. Recently, as the interest about natural energy, the tendency minimizing the mechanical energy also appears. According to this trend, there has been growing attempts in order to apply the environmental friendly technologies to the apartment house. But the reality is that the systems doesn't virtually function well because the existing mechanical systems are applied. Consequently, the deterioration of the air and the brightness in the basement car park exacerbates the environments of the basement car park. And the study on the feasibility of the natural ventilation according to the unit-plan type of the basement car park and the performance of the skylight, is still insignificant. Thus, in this study, we intend to simulate, through the CFD, the air current by natural driving power by classifying the existing basement car parks into the unit-plan type and the direction of the vehicle traffic. Through classifying the existing basement car parks by the type of vehicle traffic that is the type of arrangement such as one-way or bidirectional traffic and deploying the ventilating openings by 3 types which enables the skylights, linked the ground for the purpose of collecting the light, play the role of ventilation at the same time, we forecast the air current of the basement car park by using CFD(Computational Fluids Dynamics) and, based on that, suggest the plan to improve the ventilating function of the basement car park by utilizing the natural ventilation. In this study, we research the general theories, that is 'the ventilation theory of underground space and the test method of ventilating performance' and interpret, through CFD, the air current of the target models according to the layout of the ventilation openings based on mean of air age and air exchange effectiveness by using computer simulation. As a result, we draw the conclusion as follows: (1) In respect of the air age according to the type of the vehicle traffic such as one way traffic and bidirectional traffic, the bidirectional traffic shows 30,405 seconds while 14,070 seconds in one way traffic indicating that the one way traffic abates by more than 50%. Therefore, the air of the basement car park with one way traffic has superior air quality because of its' shorter air age. (2) In case of the existing basement car parks, Case A' air exchange rate is 4.44 while 7.76 times/h in Case B and 1.94 times/h in Case C. It appears comparatively small in Case C. We can draw the conclusion, through this finding, that the placement of several natural ventilators in the middle and on the edge is more effective than the placement of the natural ventilator with big area in the middle when placing natural ventilator. (3) In case of Case B where the installation is in the middle and on the edge of the basement car park, it appears excellent in both the air exchange and the air age, but the effective area of the space on the ground abates. There requires a plan for the placement accordingly. (4) In case of Case C where the circular air-vent with the smallest area of air-vent is installed, the velocity of air current appears the fastest. Thus, it seems that there requires the research on the appropriate size and the layout plan of the circular air-vents for the purpose of the increase of effective space on the ground. It is also necessary to comprehend the appropriate locations in order to improve the performance of the natural ventilation, through examining the characteristic of the air current according to the type of ventilating openings installed in the basement car park, the velocity of the current, the pressure distribution and the installation of the auxiliary equipments for the natural ventilation.

Genetic analysis of PARK2 gene in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease

박인원 忠南大學校 新藥專門大學院 2016 국내박사

Mutations in PARK2 are considered a common cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To assess the frequency of PARK2 mutations in the Korean population, we screened the PARK2 gene in 83 Korean PD patients: two young onset (YO, ≤49), 32 middle onset (MO, 50-69) and 49 late onset (LO, 70). Detection of the point mutations was performed by direct sequencing of the PARK2 exons, and exonic rearrangements were analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Five known PARK2 variants were identified in 53 (63.9%) of the Korean PD patients: two missense mutations (Y267H and M458L) and three polymorphisms (S167N, L272I and V380L). We also found an increased frequency of PARK2 variants in PD patients and a lowered PD age at onset (AAO) in those having two variants, suggesting that the genetic variation in PARK2 gene might be a genetic risk factor of PD in Korean population.

How does the national park management deliver their services? The perspective of service marketing focused on gunung gede pangrango national park, Indonesia

Maulana, Firman 서울시립대학교 국제도시과학대학원 2018 국내석사

인도네시아에 설립된 가장 오래된 국립공원 중 하나인 구눙 게대 빵랑오 국립공원(GGPNP)은 관광 개발의 기초로 생태관광을 선택했다. 생태관광과 관련된 모든 혜택에 관계 없이 미래에 최적의 이익을 얻으려면 여전히 해결해야 할 과제가 있다. 정부기관으로서 GGPNP는 방문객에게 서비스를 제공하는 관광 활동을 지원하는 단순한 관리 이상의 또 다른 역할을 한다. 최근의 사실은 국립공원에 방문하는 관광객 수가 여전히 적다는 것을 보여주며 그 이유 중 하나는 국립공원에서 마케팅에 대한 관심이 낮기 때문이다. 국립공원은 또한 성과 중 하나인 방문 관광객 수에 대한 목표를 달성해야 하지만 GGPNP의 경영진은 서비스 마케팅을 시행하여 국립공원을 홍보하는 방법에 주목하기 시작해야 한다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구는 서비스 마케팅 관점에서 GGPNP가 서비스를 제공하는 방법을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 또한 이 논문은 생태관광 원리를 강조하는 경영진 측면과 인지된 서비스 성과 차원을 강조하는 방문객 관점에서 서비스 마케팅의 3가지 요소(인력, 물리적 증거, 프로세스 관리)를 탐구한다. 조사 결과에 따르면 GGPNP의 서비스 마케팅 구현은 전반적으로 중간 수준이다. 이는 GGPNP가 이미 표준 서비스 마케팅을 수행하지만 마케팅 가치를 높이기 위해 해결하고 개선해야 할 몇 가지 사항이 있다는 것을 의미한다. 인적 요소의 경우 GGPNP는 방문객에게 더 나은 서비스를 제공하기 위해 더 많은 인력을 충원하고 더 많은 교육을 제공해야 한다. 물리적 증거 요소의 경우 방문객은 GGPNP가 국립공원 지역에 머무는 동안 방문객에게 더 많은 지식과 편의를 제공하기 위해 국립공원 지역에 정보 표지판과 위생 시설을 개선하거나 추가해야 한다고 생각한다. 마지막으로, 프로세스 관리 요소에서 GGPNP는 더 많은 절차를 추가하고 고객 평가, 방문 우선순위 시민에 대한 대우(노인, 임산부, 장애인, 어린이), 방문객에게 피드백을 제공하는 방식에 대해 구체적인 사항을 추가해야 한다. GGPNP의 경영진에게 이 결과가 의미하는 바는 특히 인도네시아에서 국립공원의 서비스 마케팅에 대해 논의하는 이전 연구가 없었기 때문에 공식적인 계획 전략을 위한 마케팅 참조자료와 디딤돌을 제공하는 것이다. 또한 훌륭한 서비스 마케팅을 시행함으로써 장기적으로 국립공원을 방문하여 보존 메시지를 받고 환경에 대한 소속감을 높일 수 있는 사람들이 더 많아질 것이다. Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) one of the oldest national parks established in Indonesia has chosen ecotourism as the basis of their strategy in developing tourism. Regardless of all of the benefits that come with ecotourism, there are challenges that are still need to be addressed to gain optimum benefit in the future. As a government agency, GGPNP has another role than just mere conservation which is supporting tourism activities which mainly about delivering a service to its visitors. The recent data shows that the number of tourist arrival to the national park is still low, and one of the reasons is the low interest of marketing for a national park. While the national park also needs to achieve the target for tourist arrival as one of their performance, the management of GGPNP needs to start their attention on how to market the national park through the implementation of service marketing. Due to these reasons, this research was conducted to examine how the GGPNP delivers their services from the perspective of services marketing. In particularly, this thesis explores the three elements of services marketing (personnel, physical evidence, and process management) from the perspective of management which emphasizes ecotourism principles and the perspective of visitor which emphasizes on perceived service performance dimension. The results of this survey show that as overall the implementation of service marketing in GGPNP is at a moderate level. This means that GGPNP already perform standard service marketing but there are several things that need to be addressed and improved to increase their marketing value. From the personnel element, the GGPNP need to consider adding more personnel and provide them with more training in order to deliver better services to the visitor. For the physical evidence element, the result also shows that the visitor thinks that GGPNP needs to improve or add more information signage and sanitary facilities in the national park area to give more knowledge and comfortability toward visitor during their stay in the area of national park. Lastly, from the process management element shown that GGPNP need to add more procedure and put more specific details on customer evaluation, treatment for priority citizen (elderly, pregnant woman, disabled person, and children) that come to visit, and how they provide their feedback to the visitor. This research is expected to serve as a stepping stone and reference on marketing and planning strategies of GGPNP since there was no previous research that discusses service marketing in the national park especially in Indonesia. Furthermore, by implementing good services marketing it is expected that for long-term outcome there will be more people to visit a national park to receive the message of conservation and hence increase their sense of belonging toward the environment.

Adequacy evaluation of urban park provision considering accessibility and amenity by age and gender cohorts

박시진 한양대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

Characterization and evaluation of the gene expression profile for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

박영목 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2024 국내박사

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human-wildlife Conflict in Bardia National Park, Nepal

PAUDEL, Prabin University of Seoul, International School of Urban 2021 국내석사

지구 생태계의 균형을 이루기 위해서는 야생 생물 보존이 필수적이다. 하지만 야생 동물이 인간에게 피해를 입히면 인간은 그에 대한 복수로 야생 동물을 살상한다. 따라서 생태계 및 인간이 영위하는 생활의 지속 가능성을 위해서는 충돌을 최소화해야 한다. 인간과 야생 동물의 충돌은 바르디아 국립 공원(Bardia National Park)의 주요한 해결 과제이다. 효과적인 충돌 관리를 위해서는 구체적인 시공간 정보가 필수적이다. 그렇기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 바르디아 국립 공원의 완충 지대에서 11년(2010~2020) 동안 발생하여 기록된 충돌의 시공간적 분포를 조사하였다. 데이터 분석에는 기술 및 추론 통계를 사용하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면 기록된 충돌 횟수가 매년 증가하고 있다. 평균적으로 연간 806 건의 충돌이 기록되었다. 이 보호 구역에서 발생한 충돌의 주요 대상 종은 코끼리와 표범인데, 충돌의 59%가 남부 지역에서 기록되었다. 인간과 코끼리의 충돌 중 60% 이상이 8월, 9월, 10월 및 11월에 발생했다. 충돌이 가장 빈번한 계절은 종마다 다르지만, 코끼리, 표범, 호랑이 및 멧돼지의 경우 충돌의 계절적 분포가 유의미하다. 조사 대상 기간 동안의 손실 평가액 중 37%만이 보조금 형태로 지급되었다. 보조금을 받기까지의 과정도 길다. 따라서 지역을 바탕으로 주요 충돌 종을 관리하기 위한 월간 일정이 필수적이다. 초식 동물의 입맛에 덜 맞는 대체 작물을 재배하고 육식 동물의 침입을 막을 수 있는 축사를 장려하는 것이 필요하다. 전기 울타리를 설치하고 유지하며 대체 생계 수단을 제공함으로써 사람들의 삼림 출입을 줄이는 것 또한 중요하다. 이에 더해, 지역 사회를 대상으로 야생 동물의 행동에 대한 지식을 제공하고 교육을 실시하는 또한 바르디아 국립 공원 내에서의 충돌 사고를 축소하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 주요어: 인간과 야생 동물의 충돌, 시공간 분포, 바르디아 국립 공권, 완충 지대 Human-wildlife conflict is one of the major conservation challenges. Detail spatial and temporal information is essential for effective conflict management. Therefore, this study examines the distribution of conflicts based on space and time for eleven years (2010 to 2020) in the buffer zone of Bardia National Park. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The result shows that the number of human-wildlife conflicts is increasing annually. Where on average, 806 conflicts per year were recorded. Elephant and leopard are the major conflicting species in this protected area, and 59 % of the conflict was recorded in the southern regions. More than sixty percent of human-elephant conflicts are recorded in August, September, October, and November. Major conflicting seasons vary with the species, where the distribution of conflict is significantly varied with the seasons for elephant, leopard, tiger, and wild boar. Attack due to carnivore is significantly higher in the new moon phase periods. Only 37 % of the evaluated loss was paid to the victim as a relief. A monthly calendar for the management of major conflicting species is essential. Farming of alternative crops that are less palatable for the herbivores and promoting predator-proof livestock shelter is needed. Where construction and maintenance of electric fences and reduction of dependency over forest resources by providing alternative sources of livelihood are crucial. Furthermore, providing knowledge and training about wildlife behavior to the local community will reduce the conflict and increase the harmony between people and wildlife.

First-Principles Characterization of Transition Metals on Oxide Films

Park, Jinwoo University of Seoul 2010 해외박사

Oxide-supported metal clusters and thin films have attracted a great deal of interest due to their importance in a wide range of technological applications, such as heterogeneous catalysis, gas sensors, corrosion-protective coatings, photovoltaic devices, and microelectronics. The adsorption, growth, and electronic characteristics of metal atoms adsorbed on oxides are of special interest, because these factors are supposed to help design and optimize methods for controlling processes concerning the desired chemical reaction and product. In this thesis, we performed ab initio electronic structure calculations to study the interactions of metal adatoms with ionic oxide atoms involving regular oxide surface atoms, surface oxygen defects like Fs centers, and metal supports. As an oxide, an MgO(001) surface, a prototype of an ionic oxide surface, was chosen here. All calculations were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT). First, a systematic approach was employed to investigate the adsorption geometries and electronic structures of late transition series (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt) on ideal defect-free MgO(001) surfaces. For the above elements, the adsorption geometries, diffusion, and associated electronic structures were examined. Our calculations showed the favorable adsorption of the transition metal (TM) adatoms on top of the surface O atom. Further analysis showed that the TM-induced states formed in the gap region of MgO(001) vary significantly with the adsorption geometries. The DFT calculations have been also applied to investigate the adsorption of the TM adatoms (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt) on defective MgO(001) surfaces with Fs centers as surface defects of oxides. The TM adatoms were found to favorably bind on the Fs centers. From the calculated adsorption structures and electronic structures, we carried out a systematic comparative analysis of the interactions of the metal adatoms with the surface oxygen vacancy and the regular surface oxygen atom of MgO(001). Finally, the adsorption of metal adatoms (Au and Pd) on Fe-supported ultrathin MgO(001) films was studied. Experimentally, it is well known that MgO films are epitaxially grown on Fe(001) due to their favorable physical properties. As such, the Fe/MgO/Fe junctions have been used as a system for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with huge tunneling-magnetoresistance (TMR) values. Interestingly, our calculations showed that the MgO/Fe(001) films we propose in this work can be used as a viable thin oxide model system. An analysis of the electronic structures in the systems reveals the negative charging even for Pd adatoms with a lower electron affinity. This indicates that the Fe substrate supporting the MgO films significantly influences charge and/or spin states of the metal adatoms. The physical origin of the negative charging of Pd was also discussed. These calculations demonstrate the importance of the interactions of the metal adatoms with underlying oxides for controlling the electronic and chemical properties of metal adatoms, such as charge and spin states.

CIMAGE : exploiting the conditional independence in masked graph auto-encoders 

Park, Jongwon Sungkyunkwan University 2024 국내석사

Advanced wastewater treatment and biogas production by hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge

Park, Munsik Graduate School, Yonsei 2018 국내박사

Sewage sludge is a problematic biowaste in the area of wastewater treatment. Its conventional treatment methods such as landfill and ocean pumping are not recommended nowadays due to possibility of problems as serious secondary pollutant. However, sewage sludge can be used as raw materials for production of variable resources including bioenergy because it has a large organic matter content. Therefore, hydrothermal treatment can be used to treat the sewage sludge. Hydrothermal treatment is one of the technologies to solubilize sewage sludge, which has been used to treat wet biomass including sewage sludge. During the operation of hydrothermal treatment, water can act as a solvent for hydrothermal reaction or as a reactant for the reaction. Generated organic matters are dissolved into water phase, which is called as a thermo-hydrolysate solution. It has a high concentration of organic matters, thus it must be a good candidate of external carbon source for biological nitrogen removal process and a good feed for biogas production. The conventional biological wastewater treatment process is suitable for the treatment of organic matters in wastewater. To treat the nitrogen content, application of thermo-hydrolysate solution during biological denitrification can increase its removal efficiency. Thermo-hydrolysate solution obtained at high temperature enhanced biological denitrification rate owing to the high content of organic compounds within it. However, high temperature also caused the increase of ammonia in thermo-hydrolysate solution, which decreased the benefit of other organic compounds and established the optimum profile for thermo-hydrolysate solution according to process conditions. As a result, hydrothermal conditions (200 ℃ and 2 h) were set as the optimum conditions. Thermo-hydrolysate solution was added into the two types of biological nitrogen removal processes; Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) process and Anoxic-Oxic (AO) process. Finally, biological denitrification could be enhanced by the addition of thermo-hydrolysate solution; and then the efficiency of each process could be enhanced by the optimization of operation condition including hydraulic retention time or recycling ratio. When the thermo-hydrolysate solution was used as organic feed for biogas production, experimental results were heavily dependent on operation condition of hydrothermal treatment. For example, when the hydrothermal temperature was ranged from 200 ℃ to 225 ℃, biogas production was maximized; in addition, after anaerobic digestion, there was greater nutrient concentration in the residual solution. These residual could be loaded into wastewater treatment process. Here, to optimize the hydrothermal condition for anaerobic digestion, both maximum biogas production and minimum content concentration in anaerobic digestion effluent should be considered. As a result, hydrothermal condition was optimized at 186.34 ℃ (± 3.90 ℃) and 105.69 min (± 5.87 min). Thermo-hydrolysate solution was added into the Anaerobic Sequential Batch Reactor (ASBR) process. Finally, biogas production could be improved by addition of thermo-hydrolysate solution and by the optimization of injection amount of it. In addition, after anaerobic digestion, liquid effluent was separated from its residual and could be treated by AO process under optimized conditions. In conclusion, hydrothermal treatment was used to solubilize sewage sludge for minimum discharge in wastewater treatment plants; and then it could be used for the improvement of nitrogen removal efficiency in advanced wastewater treatment process and the enhancement of biogas production in anaerobic digestion process even though stable control of anaerobic digestion effluent. These results can help as useful information for handling sewage sludge and for its solubilized product in general wastewater treatment plants. 급격한 인구 증가 및 생활환경 개선을 위해 지속적으로 생물학적 처리를 기반으로 하는 하수처리장이 증가했고, 이로 인해 하수슬러지의 생산량이 지속적으로 증가해왔다. 발생된 하수슬러지는 매립이나 해양투기 등으로 처리되어 왔으나, 환경 규제 강화 및 폐기물에 대한 인식 전환으로 인해 새로운 처리 방법을 필요로 하고 있다. 기존 유기성 폐기물의 경우 처리 및 처분을 목적으로 하고 있지만, 폐기물 자체의 발생을 최소화 시키는 동시에 적절한 기술을 통해 자원으로 순환시키는 방향으로 변화하고 있다. 하지만 하수슬러지의 특성(탈수 이후에도 95% 이상의 수분 함유)으로 직접적인 재활용이 어렵기 때문에 다양한 전처리 방법(생물학적, 물리학적, 화학적)을 통해 이를 처리하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 전처리 방법 중 열가수분해는 유기성폐기물 내에 수분을 반응물질 또는 용매로 활용하는 장점을 가지고 있어 수분이 많은 바이오매스를 처리하기 위한 전처리 방법으로 주목 받고 있다. 열가수분해처리를 통해 만들어진 열가수분해액은 고형분이 용존 물질로 가용화 되어 고농도 유기물질을 포함한다. 본연구에서는 열가수분해액을 하수처리장에서 탈질을 위한 탄소원 또는 바이오가스 생산을 위한 원료원으로 사용하는 연구를 진행하였다. 하수 내에 존재하는 총질소는 질산화-탈질 공정을 통해 생물학적으로 처리가 가능하지만, 탈질과정에서 원수내에 잔류하는 유기탄소가 부족한 경우 외부탄소원을 공급해야하는 문제가 있어 소∙중규모 하수처리장에서 총질소 제어에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 앞서 언급한 바와 같이, 열가수분해액을 탄소원으로 활용하는 경우 생물학적 탈질 속도를 빠르게 하여 외부탄소원으로의 가능성을 보였다. 특히 높은 온도 또는 긴 처리시간에서 얻어진 열가수분해액이 투입된 경우 빠른 탈질 속도를 보였지만, 열가수분해 중 발생한 고농도 암모니아로 인해 방류되는 질소의 농도가 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 따라서 생물학적 탈질을 위한 유기탄소 및 증가되는 암모니아의 농도를 고려하여 열가수분해 조건(200 ℃, 1시간)으로 설정하였고, 실제 하수를 기반으로 하는 연속운전 실험에서 탄소원으로 가능성을 평가하였다. 선탈질 공정을 기반으로 두가지 형태(SBR, AO)의 반응기에서 연속 실험을 진행했고, 안정적인 처리효율과 법적기준(20 mg-N/L)을 만족하는 운전조건을 설정하였다. 열가수분해액을 혐기소화조로 투입하는 경우 가수분해 단계를 최소화하는 동시에 바이오가스 생산량의 증가를 확인하였다. 특히 225℃ 이상의 온도에서 전처리 한 경우 바이오가스 생산량이 감소하는 결과를 보였고, 열가수분해 온도가 증가함에 따라 혐기소화 이후 잔류물 중 농축액에 고농도 영양염류가 잔존하였다. 따라서 바이오가스 생산량과 혐기소화 농축액의 농도를 고려하여 열가수분해 온도는 중요도 설정에 따라 186.34 ℃ (±3.90 ℃), 105.69 분 (±5.87 분)의 범위를 보였다. 이후 연속 혐기소화 운전 실험에서 투입량을 조절하여 최적 체류시간을 15일로 설정하였고, 이때 얻어진 혐기소화 농축액을 선탈질공정에서 안정적으로 처리할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 하수처리장에서 발생하는 유기성 폐기물인 하수슬러지를 열가수분해 처리하여 하수처리장내에서 생물학적 탈질 효율 및 바이오가스 생산 효율을 증가시켰다. 추가로 혐기소화 이후 액상으로 존재하는 잔류물을 처리하기 위한 하수처리공정을 운전하여 안정적인 처리효율을 확인하였다.

(A) study of logic implemented computation demonstrated by DNA algorithmic self-assembly

Park, Suyoun Sungkyunkwan University 2022 국내박사

Although structural DNA nanotechnology is a well-established field, computations performed using DNA algorithmic self-assembly is still in the primitive stages in terms of its adaptability of rule implementation and experimental complexity. Owing to its high information density, energy efficiency, and massive parallelism, DNA computing has undergone several advances and made significant contributions to nanotechnology. Firstly, we discuss the feasibility of constructing an M-input/N-output logic gate implemented into simple DNA building blocks. To date, no experimental demonstrations have been reported with M > 2 owing to the difficulty of tile design. To overcome this problem, we introduce a special tile referred to as an operator. We design appropriate binding domains in DNA tiles, and we demonstrate the growth of DNA algorithmic lattices generated by eight different rules from among 256 rules in a 3-input/1-output logic. The DNA lattices show simple, line-like, random and mixed patterns, which we analyze to obtain errors and sorting factors. The errors vary from 0.8% to 12.8% depending upon the pattern complexity, and sorting factors obtained from the experiment are in good agreement with simulation results within a range of 1 ~ 18%. Notably, arithmetic calculations implemented by multiple logic gates such as adders and subtractors have received much attention because of their well-established logic algorithms and feasibility of experimental implementation. Although small molecules have been used to implement these computations, a DNA tile-based calculator has been rarely addressed owing to complexity of rule design and experimental challenges for direct verification. Secondly, we construct a DNA-based calculator with three types of building blocks (propagator, connector, and solution tiles) to perform addition and subtraction operations through algorithmic self-assembly. An atomic force microscope is used to verify the solutions. Although logic implementation using DNA molecules is well established in binary systems (base value of 2) via decoration of hairpin structures on DNA duplexes, systems with base values of >2 (e.g., 3, corresponding to a ternary system) are rarely discussed owing to the complexity of the design and the experimental difficulties with DNA. Thirdly, DNA rule tiles that participate to form algorithmic DNA crystals exhibiting the ternary representation of an N (N = 1 or 2)-input and 1-output assembly are conceived. The number of possible algorithmic patterns is 3^((3^N)) in the ternary N-input and 1-output logic gate. Thus, the number of possible rules is 27 (=33) for a 1-input and 1-output algorithmic logic gate and 19638 (=39) for a 2-input and 1-output algorithmic logic gate. Ternary bit information (i.e., 0-, 1-, and 2-bit) is encoded on rule tiles without hairpins and with short and long hairpins. We construct converged, line-like, alternating, and commutative patterns by implementing six specific rules for the 1-input and 1-output gate and an ascending line-like pattern for the 2-input and 1-output gate. Specific patterns generated on ternary-representing rule-embedded algorithmic DNA crystals are visualized via atomic force microscopy, and the errors during the growth of the crystals are analyzed (average error rates obtained for all experimental data are <4%). Our method can easily be extended to a system having base values of >3. Multiple models and simulations have been proposed and performed to understand the mechanism of the various pattern formations existing in nature. However, the logical implementation of those patterns through efficient building blocks such as nano-materials and biological molecules is rarely discussed. Lastly, we adopt a cellular automata model to generate the simulation patterns and experimental patterns obtained from DNA lattices similar to the discrete horizontal brown-colour line-like patterns on the bark of the Zelkova serrata tree, known as lenticels (observation patterns). simulation patterns and experimental patterns are generated through the implementation of six representative rules in 3-input/1-output algorithmic logic gates. The experimental patterns obtained through DNA algorithmic self-assembly are visualised by atomic force microscopy. Three different modules (A, B and C) are introduced to analyse the similarities between the simulation patterns, experimental patterns and observation patterns of Zelkova serrata lenticels. Each module has unique configurations with specific orientations allowing the calculation of the deviation of the simulation patterns and the experimental patterns with respect to the observation patterns within each module. The findings show that both the simulation pattern and the experimental pattern with module B provide relatively similar Zelkova serrata lenticel-like patterns than others, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Our method provides a potential platform for the construction of various types of DNA algorithmic crystals (such as flip-flops, encoders, and multiplexers) by embedding multiple logic gate operations in the DNA base sequences. In addition, DNA algorithmic assembly provides a novel perspective for the construction of various complex natural patterns. DNA 는 유전 정보를 후손에게 전달하는 매개체의 역할과, 다양한 형태의 나노 구조물을 제작하는 재료의 역할 또한 수행한다. 이러한 구조적 DNA 나노기술분야는 많은 연구를 통해 확립되어 있지만, DNA 알고리즘 자가조립을 이용하여 수행하는 계산은 규칙 구현의 적응성과 실험 복잡성의 측면에서 여전히 초기단계에 머물러 있다. DNA 컴퓨팅은 높은 정보 밀도, 에너지 효율성 및 대규모 병렬 처리로 인해 여러 가지 발전을 거쳤고 나노 기술에 상당한 기여를했다. 본 학위 논문은 DNA 알고리즘 자가조립의 특성을 이용하여 논리를 DNA 구조물에 구현하는 연구로 이루어졌다. 먼저, 간단한 DNA 구성 요소로 구현된 M-입력/N-출력 논리 게이트를 구성하였다. 타일 설계의 어려움으로 인해 M > 2 입력 논리 게이트의 실험적인 시연은 보고되지 않았고, 이를 위해 ‘연산자’ 타일을 도입하였다. DNA 타일에 적절한 결합 도메인을 설계하고, 3-입력/1 출력 로직의 256 개 규칙 중 8 개의 다른 규칙에 의해 생성된 DNA 알고리즘 격자의 성장을 보여준다. DNA 격자는 단순하고 선과 유사한 무작위 및 혼합 패턴을 보여주며, 오류와 정렬 요인을 얻기 위해 분석하였다. 복수의 논리 게이트로 구현되는 산술 계산은 논리 알고리즘이 잘 확립되어 있으며 실험 구현 가능성이 높아 많은 주목을 받았다. 이러한 계산을 구현하기 위해 작은 분자가 사용되었지만 규칙 설계의 복잡성과 직접 검증을 위한 실험과제 때문에 DNA 타일 기반 계산기는 거의 다루어 지지 않았다. 따라서 DNA 알고리즘 자가 조립을 통해 덧셈 및 뺄셈 연산을 수행하기 위해 DNA 기반 계산기를 구성하였으며 원자힘현미경(AFM)을 통해 결과를 보였다. DNA 나노 구조물의 헤어핀 구조를 이용하여 N (N = 1 또는 2)-입력/1-출력의 3 진법 알고리즘 DNA 구조물을 형성하는 DNA 규칙 타일이 구상하였다. 3 진수의 정보는 헤어핀이 없고 (0), 짧고(1), 긴(2) DNA 타일에 인코딩 된다. 1-입력/1-출력 게이트에 대한 6 가지 특정 규칙과 2-입력/1-출력 게이트에대한 선 모양의 패턴을 구현하여 융합, 선형, 교대 및 정류 패턴을 구성하였다. 패턴은 원자힘현미경을 통해 시각화 하였으며, 결정 성장 중 오차를 분석하였다. 해당 방법은 3 이상의 기본값을 갖는 시스템으로 확장될 수 있다. 자연에 존재하는 다양한 패턴 형성 메커니즘을 이해하기 위해 여러 모델과 시뮬레이션이 제안되고 수행되었다. 세포 자동화 모델을 이용하여 느티나무의 나무껍질 패턴과 유사한 DNA 격자에서 얻은 시뮬레이션 패턴과 실험 패턴을 구현하였다. 시뮬레이션 패턴과 실험 패턴은 3-입력/1-출력 알고리즘 논리게이트에서 6 가지의 대표적인 규칙을 통해 생성된다. DNA 알고리즘 자가조립을 통해 얻은 실험 패턴은 원자힘현미경으로 시각화 하였다. 각 패턴 사이의 유사성을 분석하기 위해 세 가지 모듈(A, B, C)을 도입하였으며, 각 모듈 내에 존재하는 배열의 표준편차를 이용하여 유사도를 분석하였다.