(The) impact of the nairobi ministerial declaration in the WTO framework about agricultural export subsidies in the agriculture sector of some country members of WTO

Hoang, Vuong Yen TLBU Graduate School of Law 2018 국내석사

Analysis of Morphological Characteristics and Karyomorphology of Wild Chrysanthemums and Their Applications for Chromosome Doubling

Hoang, Thanh Kim 세종대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

국화는 세계적으로 중요한 관상식물로 미용, 향, 약초 등 다양한 용도로 이용되어 왔다. 국화속(Chrysanthemum) 식물은 오랜 시간동안 육종에 의해 재배되어져 왔으며, 대부분의 국화 품종들은 자생지에서 야생원종의 종간교잡종으로부터 유래되었다. 그러나, 야생국화의 유전자원에 대해서는 아직 충분히 연구된 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 국화의 형태적 특성과 핵형 분석, 그리고 이배체 국화의 배수성 유도를 통해 국화 종간의 유연관계와 환경 조건에 적응하기 위한 진화 과정을 조사하였다. 식물의 배수성 정도를 조사하는 것은 종의 구분뿐만 아니라 연구에 필요한 양친을 선발하기 위해 사용된다. 본 연구의 결과는 국화 형질에 대한 진화 과정과 게놈 연구에 대한 기초 연구 지식을 제공하고 국화 육종 프로그램에 있어서 공여친 및 수여친 식물의 선발에 도움을 줄 것이다. 키워드: 핵형, 국화, 유전체, 야생국화, 공여친, 수여친, 진화 Chrysanthemum is a leading ornamental species and enjoys worldwide acceptance due to several useful applications in beauty, fragrance, and herbal. The genus Chrysanthemum have been undergone thousands of years by breeding and cultivation, and recently most of the Chrysanthemum varieties seemed to be originated from interspecific crosses of wild species in natural habitats, which shows wide variation in morphological characteristics. However, the promising genetic resources in wild Chrysanthemum have not been fully explored. In this study, we conducted analysis in morphological characteristics, karyomorphology, and induced polyploidy in diploid Chrysanthemum to understand the relationships between species and their evolution to adapt to the environmental conditions. Besides, analyzing the ploidy levels of plants is important role in identifying species and selecting parental lines in future research. According to our results, this study would provide basic knowledge of the relationships between the evolution and genomic studies on Chrysanthemum traits, and contribute to select the paternal and maternal plants for Chrysanthemum breeding program. Keywords: Chromosome, donor plants, evolution, karyotype, recipient plants, wild Chrysanthemums.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Seed Linolenic Acid Isomers : Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators? = 석류(Punica granatum) 종자유에서 분리된 리노렌산 이성체들의 선택적 에스트로겐 리셉터 수식자 (SERMs) 로의 작용성 : Tran Hoang Ngoc Ai

Hoang, Ngoc Ai Tran 경북대학교 2006 국내석사

All-trans Retinoic Acid Triggers Cell Surface Heat Shock Protein 90 Complex-mediated Bacterial Flagellin Internalization in Human Monocyte THP-1 Cell Hoang

Hoang Thi Xoan 가천대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내박사

Retinoic acid (RA)-the active form of vitamin A, has been known for its integral role in immunity. The superior effect of RA in both innate and adaptive immunity has been extensively studied for decades. The function of RA in strengthening host immune response against pathogenic infection has recently been emerged. However, little is known about the molecular mode of action beneath its critical role in boosting the host immune system for an effective pathogenic agent recognition. In the present study, we investigated the role of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in facilitating monocytic-derived macrophage in response to bacterial flagellin. Treatment of 1 µM ATRA was found to induce cell surface Hsp90α as revealed by cell surface biotinylation assay coupled with western blot analysis. Using cell surface cross-linking reagent BS3, it was further demonstrated that this cell surface elevation of Hsp90α protein is due to the increased formation of its complex on the cell surface of human monocyte THP-1. The Hsp90α complex formation was dependent on the concentrations and incubation time of ATRA. For the identification of Hsp90α complex, the protein complex obtained by co-immunoprecipitation was subjected to LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics analysis of the resultant peptides showed the presence of Hsp70 which has been well characterized as the co-chaperone of Hsp90. Noticeably, together with Hsp70, there is the presence of integrin αMβ2 the cell surface receptor involved in cell adhesion and trafficking. On the other hand, purified flagellin from Salmonella Typhimurium was found to be internalized into THP-1 cell. This internalization event was dependent on the presence of ATRA in concentration- and time- dependent manners. Uptake of flagellin by ATRA-treated THP-1 cells was almost completely blocked by the treatment with cell surface HSP90α-specific inhibitor. Experiments with different types of endocytosis inhibitors demonstrated that bacterial flagellins are primarily taken up by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We next investigated the possibility of Hsp90’s client protein-integrin αMβ2 as the mediator responsible for the uptake of bacterial flagellin induced by ATRA treatment. The cell surface level of β2 integrin was remarkably elevated by flagellin treatment in ATRA-stimulated THP-1 cells. Consistently, our flow cytometry and fluorescent microscope results showed the colocalization of integrin αMβ2 and flagellin, revealing the role of αMβ2 as a carrier for flagellin uptake. Additionally, we also found the increased level of anthrax toxin receptors in ATRA-stimulated THP-1 cells in challenge with flagellin. The treatment of anthrax toxin receptor endocytosis inhibitor resulted in the decreased level of intracellular flagellin. Interestingly, the bioinformatics analysis showed high similarity of sequence and structure between integrin αM chain and anthrax toxin receptors, suggesting that integrin αMβ2 and anthrax toxin receptors may act synergistically or alternatively in transporting flagellin from extracellular environment to the cytosolic compartment. Finally, the internalized flagellin leads to activation of inflammasome, which results in Caspase-1 activation and IL-1β cytokine secretion. Collectively, the findings presented herein provide a new insight into how ATRA induces immune response to bacterial flagellin. Our results revealed that ATRA induces the formation of cell surface HSP90α complex with the association of Hsp70 and integrin αMβ2, which plays the role as carrier for bacterial flagellin internalization through clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathways. This suggests that vitamin A supplementation triggers a strengthened immune response for the host to develop effective strategies against bacterial infection.

베트남의 낙태 현실과 가톨릭교회의 역할

HOANG VAN TOAN 인천가톨릭대학교 인천가톨릭대학교 대학원 2024 국내석사

낙태는 1945년에 베트남에서 공산당 정부에 의해 허용되었으며, 1960년대 이후부터는 국가 주도의 경제 성장을 촉진하기 위해 인구 증가를 늦추기 위한 방법으로 채택되었다. 그 이후 수십 년 동안 시행된 베트남 공산당 정부의 가족계획 프로그램과 인구 정책은 베트남을 세계에서 낙태율이 가장 높은 나라 중 하나로 만들었다. 베트남에서 낙태와 관련된 규정은 포괄적이거나 하나의 법률로 묶여 있지 않으며 오히려 여러 다른 입법 문서에서 규제되어 있다. 그중에 󰡔인구 조례󰡕, 󰡔인민건강보호법󰡕, 󰡔노동법󰡕, 󰡔형법󰡕, 󰡔사회보험법󰡕 등의 부분적으로 수행된 법에 낙태에 관한 규정이 되어있다. 그러나 이러한 법들을 검토하고 낙태 관련 정책과 통계를 조사하면, 낙태 법안의 이행 미숙과 법 자체의 불합리한 문제가 상당함을 알 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 베트남 법과 정책이 엄격하게 불법적인 낙태를 관리하지 않았음을 알게 된다. 교회는 언제나 고의적 낙태를 수정에서 출생에 이르는 인간 존재의 출발 단계에서 의도적으로 죽이는 행위로 보고, 이를 엄격하게 금지하고 있다. 베트남 주교회의 또한 사목 교서를 통해서 지속적으로 태아의 생명 존중을 강조하고 여러 가지 실천적 행동으로 생명의 수호를 촉구하고 있다. 그러나 일당제 사회주의 국가로, 공산당이 정치권력을 독점하고 있는 베트남 사회에서 소수의 가톨릭 공동체가 생명 존중을 위한 사목활동을 펼쳐나가기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 그러한 이유로 지금까지 베트남 교회의 생명 존중 운동은 주로 주교회의 가정사목본부와 카리타스-프로라이프 등 전국 단위 기구를 통해 이루어지고 있는데, 미흡한 생명 교육 차원과 사회 안에 다른 종교들과의 연대감 부족 등의 한계로 생명 존중 운동은 전체사회의 협력을 받지 못했다. 그러나 이러한 한계에도 교회의 역할은 분명하다. 그것은 사람들이 올바른 양심을 가지며 인간의 존엄성과 생명을 존중하는 정의로운 삶을 건설하기 위해 종교 간의 연대를 통하여 생명 교육 활성화와 양심 교육에 심혈을 기울이는 것이다. 이러한 노력으로 태아의 생명과 그 생명을 보호하는 이들의 삶이 존중될 것이고 베트남에서도 생명문화가 건설될 것으로 생각한다. Abortion was legalized in Vietnam in 1945 by the Communist government, and since the 1960s, abortion has been implemented as a tool for various measures to slow population growth and promote state-led economic growth. After decades of family planning programs and population policies, the abortion rate in Vietnam is now among the highest in the world. Regulations related to abortion in Vietnam are not comprehensive or consolidated into one law, but rather regulated in several different legislative documents. Among them, provisions related to abortion are included in partially implemented laws such as the Population Ordinance, Law on Protection of People's Health, Labor Law, Criminal Law, and Social Insurance Law. Reviewing these laws and investigating abortion-related policies and statistics reveals not only the inadequacy of the implementation of abortion legislation and the inherent flaws in the law but also that Vietnam's laws and policies have not effectively managed illegal abortions. According to the teachings of the Catholic Church, intentional abortion is considered an act of deliberately killing a human from conception to birth, regardless of means, and is strictly prohibited. The Vietnam Bishops' Conference also continues to emphasize respect for the life of the fetus through its doctrinal teachings and various practical actions. However, in the socialist state of Vietnam, where the Communist Party monopolizes political power, there are many obstacles for the minority Catholic community to carry out pro-life activities. For this reason, the pro-life movement of the Church in Vietnam has mainly been carried out through national-level organizations such as the Episcopal Commission for Family and Caritas-ProLife but has not received full cooperation from society due to insufficient education on the sanctity of life and lack of solidarity with other religions. Nevertheless, despite these limitations, the role of the Church is clear and significant. It strives to activate life education and conscience education through interfaith solidarity, in the belief that people can work together to lead a just life that respects human dignity. Through these efforts, hope remains that the lives of fetuses and those who protect them will be respected, and a culture of life will be fostered in Vietnam.

항원제시세포로서 CD40-활성 B 세포와 수지상세포의 기능 비교

NGUYEN HOANG TUYET MINH 전남대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

종양항원에 특이적인 세포독성 T 림프구를 이용한 종양의 세포면역 치료는 종양에 대해서 특이 반응을 보이면서 부작용이 매우 적은 치료법으로 주목을 받고 있다. 이와 같이 종양-특이 T 세포 면역 반응을 유발시키기 위해서는 T 세포에 효과적으로 항원을 제시할 수 있는 항원제시세포의 매개가 필수적이다. 가장 강력한 항원제시세포로 알려진 수지상세포를 임상에 적용하기 위해서는 수회에 걸쳐서 다량의 수지상세포를 투여하여야 하는데, 시험관 내에서 수지상세포를 증폭할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 대량 생산하는데 고비용이 소요되어서 임상적용을 하는데 어려운 문제점이 있다. 본 연구자는 이러한 수지상세포의 단점을 보완하여 종양에 대한 세포면역치료의 효과를 증대시킬 수 있는 대체 항원제시세포로서 CD40-활성 B 세포의 이용 가능성을 알아보기 위해서 CD40-활성 B 세포와 수지상세포의 항원제시기능을 비교 분석하였다. 정상인의 말초혈액에서 단핵구를 분리한 후 다시 림프구와 단구를 분리하였다. 분리된 단구는 GM-CSF와 IL-4를 첨가한 배양액에서 미성숙 수지상세포로 분화시켰으며, 배양 6일째에 IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 및 PGE2를 첨가하여 표준 성숙 수지상세포로 분화시켰다. 림프구는 IL-4를 첨가한 배양액에서 CD40 리간드를 핵산전달감염시킨 J558 세포주와 공조배양하여 14일동안 B 세포를 활성화시켰다. 유세포분석기를 이용한 면역표현형 분석에서 CD40-활성 B세포와 수지상세포에서 항원제시세포의 기능과 연관된 costimulatory factor (CD80, CD86), 부착분자(CD54) 및 MHC-II 분자의 발현 정도가 두 세포에서 유사하게 높게 발현되었다. CCR7은 CD40-활성 B 세포에 비해 수지상세포에서 현저히 높게 발현되었지만, CD40-활성 B 세포의 표면에서도 이 분자의 발현이 증가되었다. CD40-활성화 B세포의 자가 T 림프구와 동종 T 림프구에 대한 자극 능력은 수지상세포에 비해서 다소 낮았다. 종양 특이 세포독성 T 림프구는 자가 CD3+ T 세포를 ARH77 세포주 융해질이 부가된 CD40-활성 B 세포나 수지상세포로 1주일 간격으로 3차례 반복 자극하여 제조되었으며, 자가 종양에 대한 세포독성 T 림프구에서 분비된 IFF-γ 분비 세포의 수는 ELSPOT 분석을 통해 측정하였다. 수지상세포로 자극되어 제조된 종양 특이 세포독성 T 림프구는 CD40-활성 B세포로 자극되어 제조된 것 보다 IFN- 분비능이 더 높게 나타났다. 그러나 CD40-활성 B 세포는 시험관내에서 대량 증폭이 가능함으로 종양항원-특이 세포독성 T 세포를 유도할 때 종양항원을 부가시킨 CD40-활성 B세포의 수를 두배 증가시켜 배양할 경우 발현된 IFN-γ 분비 세포의 수가 현저히 증가되어 수지상세포와 유사한 효과를 나타내었으며, 세포종양에 대한 살상효과는 오히려 약간 더 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 종양 특이적인 세포면역치료에 있어서 CD40-활성 B세포가 향후 수지상세포를 대체할 수 있는 차세대 항원제시세포로써 매우 유용한 역할을 할 수 있음을 제시하였다. The use of cellular vaccines reliably generates tumor antigen-specific T cells both in animal models and in human. Highly efficient antigen presentation by professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) is a requisite for the development of T cell mediated immunity in vitro and in vivo. The potential need for continuous application of large number of dendritic cells (DCs) which are though as the most powerful APC might be a principle obstacle for clinical use of DC vaccines. In this study, we evaluated and compared the functions of antigen presentation of CD40-activated B (CD40-B) cells with those of DCs to confirm whether CD40-B cells could be an efficient alternative source of APCs which can compensate the limitation of DCs for cancer immunotherapy. Lymphocytes and monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of normal donors using Percoll gradient centrifugation. To generate CD40-B cells, lymphocytes were co-cultured with CD40L-transfected J558 cell line in the presence of IL-4. Monocyte-derived DCs were differentiated from the same donor with conventional cytokine cocktail of IL-1, TNFα, IL-6 and PGE2. Both of CD40-B cells and DCs consistently expressed a high level of cell surface molecules related to APC function, such as CD80, CD86, CD54 and HLA-DR. Although the level of expression of CCR7 on mature DCs was much higher than that on CD40-B cells, this molecule was clearly up-regulated on CD40-B cells. Although DCs had superior capacity of allogeneic T cell stimulation compare to CD40-B cells, the level of cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by CD40-activated B cells pulsed with ARH77 lysates against ARH77 was higher than that of CTLs induced by DCs pulsed with ARH77 lysates. CTLs stimulated by mature DCs pulsed with ARH77 lysates showed a larger number of IFN- secreting cells than those stimulated by CD40-B cells pulsed with ARH77 lysates in a culture ratio of 5:1. However, CTLs stimulated by CD40-B cells pulsed with ARH77 lysates at the 1:2.5 culture ratio demonstrated the increased number of IFN γ-secreting cells against ARH77 as much as CTLs stimulated by tumor antigen pulsed DCs at 5:1 culture ratio displayed. Because CD40-B cells can be easily expanded in vitro, these results suggest that CD40-B cells are an excellent alternative source of professional APCs for antigen-specific immunotherapy for cancer.

VOCs abatement using a DBD non-thermal plasma device

NGUYEN HOANG PHUONG Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, 2018 국내석사

Decomposition of VOCs such as toluene and MEK was performed to evaluate the operating efficiency of a novel surface dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma device. Two reactors with different scale and configuration were assembled to carry out the experiments. The device was tested with various operating parameters including relative humidity (0 – 90% RH), discharge power (4.3 – 6.5 kV and 60 – 200 Hz) and discharge area (215 – 645 cm2) using a big reactor chamber. Then, the removal efficiency of single and mixture gases was comparatively evaluated using small serial reactors. The results showed a good decomposition efficiency for dilute phase flow (90 – 95% for inlet concentration of 20 ppmv). Removal rate decreased with the increment of inlet VOCs (50 – 60% for initial concentration of 100 ppmv). Relative humidity posed a limiting effect on VOCs destruction, and an optimum RH was found at 20% RH for toluene. Increase of both input power and plasma area positively influenced pollutant control, but caused reduction in energy efficiency of the system. Low energy efficiency was more significant for high concentration of inlet pollutants. On the other hand, the decomposition of single species of toluene and MEK or of mixed VOCs revealed that single MEK was easier to be completely eliminated than toluene. MEK acted as a limiting factor for mixture removal. Besides, higher molecular weight toluene aided high decomposition efficiency. In addition, ozone concentration was measured at a quite high level in this study (up to 2000 ppmv). Ozone generation rate was in proportional to the inlet power. Even though ozone played a little role in oxidizing the target pollutants, it can be utilized for further VOCs destruction as a source of oxygen atom with the assistance of suitable catalysts.

Dependences Between Oil Prices And Exchange Rate in Vietnamese Economy

Tran Hoang Tieu Quyen 인제대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내석사

ABSTRACT Dependences between Oil Price and Exchange Rate in Vietnamese Economy Tran Hoang Tieu Quyen (Advisor: Prof. Sang – Kuck Chung) Department of International Trade Graduate School, Inje University This thesis is conducted to analyze the bivariate relationship between three kinds of Vietnamese exchange rates and crude oil prices. In this study, the conventional vector autoregressive model is applied for the monthly data series from January 2008 to November 2017. Overall, our study demonstrates Crude oil price is not depended by any kind of exchange rate, including real effective exchange rate. Besides that, crude oil price also does not affect both Nominal exchange rate and Real exchange rate, while shows significant impact on real effective exchange rate. These results are assessed to consistent with theoretical relationships and Vietnamese financial policies. Moreover, Impulse response function and variance decomposition are used to make understand clearly about the responses of all variables to its innovations during that time period. They indicate that both oil price and exchange rate response negatively to shocks its own lags and shocks in oil price make a positive response of real effective exchange rate after 2 months, which is close to zero thereafter. Simultaneously, the number of variances in forecasted errors of real effective exchange rate in Vietnam economy can be explained more than nominal exchange rate and real exchange rate by crude oil price. Key Word: oil price, exchange rate, real effective exchange rate, VAR model.

계획된 행동이론을 활용한 베트남 식당 예약 애플리케이션에 관한 연구

NGUYEN HOANG ANH 세종대학교 대학원 2024 국내석사

Abstract A Study on Vietnamese Restaurant Reservation Application Using Theory of Planned Behavior Nguyen Hoang Anh Department of Culinary and food service management The Graduate School Sejong University When the covid-19 epidemic occurred, it caused many crises in all aspects of society globally. The recovery of the economy in general and the hotel, restaurant and tourism service industry in particular is a big challenge. Changing the way of operating is necessary to create newness to attract customers' return and is considered one of the marketing strategies. Booking a table at a restaurant is not a new thing, but the method needs to be improved. Since then, restaurant table booking applications in Vietnam have been born and brought into the market. However, the use of restaurant reservation applications is only really popular in big cities. This study was conducted to evaluate user awareness of restaurant table reservation applications in Vietnam. The study was conducted on people currently living in Vietnam for 1 month and a total of 630 copies were obtained. Research results were performed using SPSS software. The results show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and information quality of the restaurant reservation application have a positive impact on users' usage attitude. In addition, usage attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a positive impact on users' intention to use. This study will be a premise for future studies aimed at more in-depth evaluation of other aspects of a mobile application or social influences on users' intention to use. user. Keywords: restaurant reservation application, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, information quality, theory of planned behavior (TPB).

A quantification of inorganic mass partitioning to particle between low/high humidity and with/without seed particle and VOCs.

Duong Hoang Do Duong Hoang Do 2020 국내석사

Ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in the atmosphere have critical impacts on the nitrogen cycle, ecosystem, and secondary organic aerosol formation. NH3 and NOx uptake occurs into aerosol liquid water (ALW), which is formed in inorganic-rich hygroscopic particles at a high relative humidity (RH), and this is an important process in East Asia. Therefore, the NH3 participation in NOx photochemistry of secondary aerosol formation, focusing on quantifying inorganic compounds, needs to be explored. In this study, we conduct photochemical reactions of particles in a smog chamber (6 m3) to monitor NH3 and NOx partitioning from the gas phase to wet aerosols, varying four different factors: relative humidity (RH), present of seed particle, present of volatile organic compound and effects of NOx concentration. Experiments are conducted separately to study the impact of those factor Atomizing solution of (NH4)2SO4 is introduced to the smog chamber as seed particles with polluted or clean relevant conditions while toluene is an organic precursor used for photochemistry. NH3 and NOx concentration is monitored online continuously for 3 hours while collected samples during the reaction time are weighted and then analyzed by Ion chromatography (IC) to determine cations (NH4+) and anions (SO42-, NO3-). As a result, a significant partitioning of semi-volatile inorganic from the gas phase to particles under high humidity with a present of seed particle. While organic did not show evidence of its effects on ammonium and nitrate formation, a lower concentration of gaseous caused a time delay on the formation of the inorganic compound in the particle phase.