Production of 10R-hydroxy fatty acids from linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, hempseed oil hydrolyzate by recombinant cells expressing PpoC from Aspergillus nidulans

한정은 건국대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

The first and second preferred substrates of recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing 10R-dioxygenase (PpoC) from Aspergillus nidulans and the purified enzyme were linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively. PpoC in cells showed higher thermal and reaction stabilities compared to purified PpoC. Thus, 10R-hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids were produced from linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and hempseed oil hydrolyzate containing linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid as substrates by whole recombinant cells expressing PpoC. The optimal reaction conditions for the production of 10R-hydroxy-8E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (10R-HODE) were pH 8.0, 30 °C, 250 rpm, 5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide, 5 g/L linoleic acid, 60 g/L cells in 100-ml baffled flask. Under these conditions, whole recombinant cells expressing PpoC produced 2.7 g/L 10R-HODE from 5 g/L linoleic acid for 40 min, with a conversion yield of 54% (w/w) and a productivity of 4.0 g/L/h; produced 2.2 g/L 10R-hydroxy-8E,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid (10R-HOTrE) from 3 g/L α-linolenic acid for 30 min, with a conversion yield of 72% (w/w) and a productivity of 4.3 g/L/h; and produced 1.8 g/L 10R-HODE and 0.5 g/L 10R-HOTrE from 5 g/L hempseed oil hydrolyzate containing 2.5 g/L linoleic acid and 1.0 g/L α-linolenic acid for 30 min, with a conversion yield of 74% and 51% (w/w), respectively, and a productivity of 3.6 and 1.0 g/L/h, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the biotechnological production of 10R-hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids. Aspergillus nidulans 유래의 linoleate 10R-dioxygenase (PpoC)를 발현시킨 재조합 세포와 정제된 효소가 선호하는 기질은 리놀레산, 두 번째로 알파-리놀렌산이었다. 세포 내의 PpoC는 정제된 PpoC에 비해 높은 열 안정성과 반응 안정성을 보였다. 그러므로 PpoC를 발현시킨 재조합 세포를 이용하여 리놀레산, 알파-리놀렌산, 그리고 리놀레산과 알파-리놀렌산을 포함하는 대마씨유 가수분해물을 기질로 하여 10R-수산화 불포화 지방산을 생산하였다. 10R-Hydroxy-8E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (10R-HODE) 의 생산에 대한 최적 조건은 100-ml baffled flask에서 pH 8.0, 30 °C, 250 rpm, 5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide, 5 g/L substrate, 60 g/L cells이었다. 이 최적 조건에서 PpoC를 발현시킨 재조합 세포는 리놀레산으로부터 40분 동안 10R-HODE를 2.7 g/L 생산하였고 54%의 전환율과 4.0 g/L/h의 생산성을 나타냈으며, 알파-리놀렌산으로부터 30분 동안 10R-hydroxy-8E,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid (10R-HOTrE)를 2.1 g/L 생산하였으며 42%의 전환율과 4.1 g/L/h의 생산성을 나타냈다. 2.5 g/L 리놀레산과 1.0 g/L 알파-리놀렌산을 포함하는 5 g/L 대마씨유 가수분해물로부터는 30분 동안 1.8 g/L 10R-HODE와 0.5 g/L 10R-HOTrE를 생산하였으며, 각각 72%, 50%의 전환율과 3.6, 1.0 g/L/h의 생산성을 나타냈다. 우리가 아는 한, 이는 10R-수산화 불포화 지방산의 생물공학적 생산에 대한 처음 보고되는 것이다.

일상(日常) 대상을 통한 인간표현 연구

한정은 동덕여자대학교 일반대학원 2008 국내석사

This study was composed of concepts, intentions, forms of object, composition and techniques of my paintings which had held my 1st solo private exhibition, ‘My Paintings is My Portrait’, at the Dongduk Art Gallery from 12th October, 2005 to 18th October, 2005, for evaluating my artistic presentation at a postgraduate school. Art, bring the formation of ego to a conclusion, is one of various human activities based on experiences in ordinary lives. My creative works, my main activity, have started from the scene of a studio in my ordinary lives. Amid my work, the acts of ‘drawing’ have been started from the minute observations and researches of the objects by the artist. In my early works, I was interested in leaning toward person and/or people, however, it has been changed to indoor scenes. As my life itself becomes a drawing’s objects, such as chairs, desks, painting tools, an electric fan and so on, which Is imply overlooked out of abstract and fixed consciousness in the studio, suddenly came to meas new subject matters when I was working on a master’s course. The work, presented to the exhibition for obtaining a master’s degree and based on the observation of the shape of objects, and also their space and time for artistic presentation, is a study on expression of human being through ordinary objects The observation of a person in a landscape makes me think that I would be able to find out the various shapes and its thoughts that I have about another’s appearance as I perceive it. One day, I could seek for appearances similar to the diverse aspects of the modern people in the objects of the studios’ sences where things are piled up, entangled, and scattered by me and my colleagues. There are many reasons for the existences of the shapes in the objects of the studios’ scene, such as functionality, economic efficiency, and usability and soon, as you know, each object has a certain a esthetic value. Since we are used to seeing those objects and are so familiar with them, we are likely to perceive empirical reality insensibly due to the repetition of ordinary lives. However, when I see the objects in the scene who ever it created and discovered, from a different perspective, I am able to infer my own appearance in relationship with those objects, such as in an interpersonal relationship, as those objects reflect the appearance of a person as he/she is. Near by objects are displayed in my paintings as I bring them, and they are expressed by exclusion and filling in my paintings. Suddenly, when common and non-heroic objects are with me, they are not trivial things anymore and are expressed on my paintings by part of me that breathes with them. Objects on my paintings were born again with me, besides they show me in reverse. Not all of everything in ordinary lives is what I would like to see. Formally, those objects exist in their own ways without me, like wise include me in a relationship between them and me. I can be one with them or return to ‘me’, which is an individual being, depending on my consciousness choices to interact with them or not. These things are created as artwork in combination with inner sensibility while going beyond the simple meaning of things through my empathy. Therefore, I do not simply revive the objects themselves in my works, but I identify the inner image of the objects. As drawing is repeated, an other appearance of mine,‘Blue and Green Portrait- Ego’ namely ‘Expression of Human Being’, was reemerged from anew perspective. Thus, I would like to have detailed explanations with concepts and intentions of my paintings from the main subject as below; First, I analyzed concepts and intentions of my paintings into two theories, “Vordergrund and Hintergrund” through a theory of the stratified relation by Mr. Nicolai Hartmann, modern western philosopher, and “Ch 'I-yun” or “Spirit-Consonance” and “Hyung-sa (Moved up as a visible picture with an artist’s intention)” in the oriental paintings. Second, I studied the oriental and occidental etymologies of a word, blue and green which is my main colors of my paintings. I interpret the meaning of “line of black (Chinese ink)” and “line of color”. In addition, a mental state of sight on blue and green, a mental state of black (Chinese ink) and important factors of my paintings from creative process were studied. Artworks created in that way have their nature in themselves, and can form the spiritual inside meaning from a contemplator who intends to interpret that nature. In this regard, the powerful and solid combination of invariability between the front view and the back view appears. Therefore, this study pursues the fact that when an artist’s emotion and view of value and himself or herself become one, there is the creation of another objects which may be artwork. 본 논문은 <그림은 나의 초상> 이라는 주제로 대학원 졸업 작품 평가를 위한 개인전(2005년 10월 12일 - 10월 18일, 동덕아트 갤러리)에 전시된 나의 작품들의 창작에서 완성과정까지, 작품의 제작의도와 형·색·구도와 기법들에 관한 연구를 중심으로 이루어졌다. 자아의 형상화로 귀결되는 예술은 일상생활의 경험을 토대로 이루어지는 인간의 여러 활동 중 하나이다. 나의 주된 활동인 창작 작업은 나의 일상 속 작업실 풍경에서 시작되었다. 그 가운데 ‘그리다’는 행위는 작가가 대상을 보고 탐구하는 관찰에서 시작된다. 작업 초기에 인간으로 향해있던 나의 관심은 어느 순간 실내풍경으로 전환되었다. 석사과정에서 생활자체가 그리기가 되면서 작업실 안에서의 관념적이고 고정적인 의식에서 평소 무의미하게 지나치던 의자, 책상, 화구, 선풍기 등의 정물이 새로운 소재로 다가왔다. 석사청구 전에 제출된 작품들은 바로 그러한 사물의 형태와 그들 간의 공간, 그리고 시간에 관한 관찰을 토대로 하여, 일상대상을 통하여 인간표현 연구를 한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 풍경 속에서 인간을 관찰하면서 나는 내가 보는 타인의 여러 가지 모습에서 내가 가진 여러 형태와 생각들을 찾을 수 있다고 생각했다. 어느 날 나와 동료들로 인해 발생된 쌓이고, 엉키고 널브러진 작업실 풍경 속 사물들에서 현대 인간들의 여러 모습들과 흡사한 형상을 찾을 수 있었다. 작업실 풍경 속 사물의 형태는 기능성·경제성·유용성 등의 존재이유도 있지만, 대상마다 그 나름의 어떤 미적 가치를 내포하고 있었다. 우리는 너무나 흔히, 그리고 익숙히 보아왔기 때문에 경험적 현실세계를 일상의 반복으로 무감각하게 받아들이고 있는 것은 아닌가 생각되었다. 그러나 인간으로 인하여 생성되고 발생되는 풍경 속 사물들을, 다른 면에서 보면, 인간의 모습 그대로가 투영되어 인간관계와 같은 대상들의 관계 안에서 나의 모습을 유추 할 수 있다. 주변의 대상들이 나에 의해 불려와 화면에 배열되고 그것들은 화면 안에서 제외됨과 채워짐으로 표현되었다. 주인공이 아니고 그저 언제나처럼 주변 대상들이 나와 같이 하는 순간, 그 대상은 이미 사소한 것이 아니라, 같이 숨 쉬고 있는 나의 일부가 되어 화면에 표출되었다. 화면 속 사물들은 나로 인하여 새로이 탄생했지만, 그것은 역으로 나를 보여주고 있었다. 일상에서 내 눈앞에는 보고 싶은 것만 보이는 것이 아니다. 형식적으로는 나를 제외하고 그들 나름의 모습으로 존재하며, 그들과 나의 관계로 나를 감싸고 있다. 내 의식이 그것에 응하느냐 아니냐에 따라 나는 그들과 하나가 되었다가 다시 또 ‘나’라는 개별적인 존재로 돌아왔다. 이런 것들이 나의 감정이입(感情移入)을 통하여 단순한 사물의 의미를 넘어 내면의 감성과 결합하여 하나의 그림으로 형성이 되었다. 그리하여 나의 그림은, 대상 자체를 그대로 재현하는 것이 아니라 대상 속에 내면의 이미지를 파악하는 것이었고, 그림이 거듭됨에 따라 새로운 시각으로 또 다른 나의 모습이 ‘푸른 초상 - 我’, 즉 인간표현으로 재현되었다. 따라서 본론에서는 그러한 나의 그림들을 형과 색으로 나누어, 첫째, 근대 서양 철학자 N.하르트만의 성층이론(成層理論)을 통한 전경(前景)과 후경(後景)의 이론, 동양화에서의 ‘기운(氣韻)’과 ‘형사(形似)’의 이론 두 가지를 대입하여 분석하고자 하였고, 둘째, 나의 작업의 주조색인 푸른색(blue and green)의 동양과 서양의 어원을 알아보고, 먹(墨)선과 색선(色線)의 의미를 해석하였으며, 푸른색의 시각적인 심리와 먹(black, 墨)색의 심리, 작품 제작과정에서 나타난 화면 속 요소들을 고찰하였다. 본 논문에서는 예술작품을 직접적으로 형성할 수 있는 것과 그로인하여 나의 작품 안에서 인식한 대상의 형과 주관적인 감정, 그리고 이성의 활동을 동시에 보여주려 하였고, 그리하여 작가의 감정 및 가치관이 예술작품과 하나가 될 때 또 다른 대상으로 인간을 어떻게 표현할 수 있는지에 관하여 연구해 보고자 하였다.

직업계고등학교에서 근무하는 전문교과 교사의 산업안전보건에 대한 지식∙태도∙실천

한정은 가톨릭대학교 보건대학원 2020 국내석사

교사 주도 교수설계 모형 개발 가능성 탐색 연구

한정은 서울大學校 大學院 1996 국내석사

비서직 종사자의 직무 스트레스 요인과 대처에 관한 연구

한정은 이화여자대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

Occupational stress can be experienced by employees at every level in the work place, however, little research has been conducted on occupational stress among secretaries. Although secretaries play an essential role in any work organization, their contributions and support in the daily management activities are rarely recognized. The purpose of the study was to examine the reasons of job stressors caused by the secretary's nature of job and common coping methods and desired coping methods of organizations. For this purpose, first of all, the research examined the role of secretaries, characteristics, job environment, what kinds of stress the secretary experienced, when the situations broke out, how to cope with it and whether there are desired coping methods of the organization. The study selected a total of ten participants categorized according to experiences from one to ten years of experience. The data was collected using one-to-one in-depth interviews. The collected data was ordered by transcription and content analysis was completed after coding, which explains certain parts of the text as a word based on the research issues when certain parts of texts seem to refer to other parts while reading the original data. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the most common stress among secretaries were divided to six factors including details. They were stress associated with seniors (when work order is definite, indefinite), stress caused by interpersonal relationships with colleagues excluding seniors (lack of cooperation of related departments, colleagues' lack of understanding of secretarial duties), stress depending on the organization and organizational culture (personnel and promotion systems, differences between the ideal secretary and realistic secretary), stress as the nature of a secretary (theoretical gender roles combined with official duties of the secretary, invisible labor), stress when performing the role of a secretary (vague anxiety over future employment, when obeying senior's instruction unconditionally, about clothes) and stress as a result of differing from the expected secretarial job. Second, reactions of secretaries against job stress were classified as four kinds - psychological shrinkage and burden, turnover decision and refraining or unresponsiveness. Third, upon examining common methods for coping with stress among secretaries, five methods were found, including the method to regard stress as self-development and make it opportunities for self-development, method to use consumption such as shopping and binge eating, method to regard stress as a problem and remove the problem, method to mind-control herself while abandoning the control of the situation, and method to make her own time at lunch time as personal ways. In addition, many secretaries relieved stress through emotional support from close friends and family and some of them created a common bond by participating in formal meetings and social activities for secretaries. Meanwhile, coping methods of an organization desired by secretaries were mainly to adapt an awareness of the secretary to modern times and to be supported as human resources for the long-term by providing educational opportunities. Thus, the research escaped from conventional studies of secretary's job stress and aimed at identifying the relationship and effects of job attitudes, job satisfaction and organizational commitment as stress level objectively and examined the stress and situations causing secretary's job stress and coping methods as a basic study to search for obstacles preventing the secretary's long service and upgrade the status of secretarial profession by changing the recognition of a secretary as a professional job field, focusing on the case study. It is significant in that more comprehensive understandings about secretary's job characteristics and realistic coping methods are possible. Finally, it is hopeful that this study will give more practical help to the organizational management, while transferring the old awareness of secretaries by providing more practical information to job seekers and interested persons. 본 연구의 목적은 비서직 종사자가 직무의 특성으로 인해 유발되는 직무 스트레스 요인과 대처에 관한 평소 방법 및 조직에 바라는 대처법을 파악하는 것이며, 이를 위해 우선, 비서의 조직 내 역할과 직무 특성 및 직무 환경에 대해 살펴보고, 비서가 어떠한 양상의 직무 스트레스를 경험하고 있으며 그러한 상황은 언제 발생하는지와 어떻게 스트레스에 대처하고 있으며, 조직에 바라는 대처법이 있는지를 탐색하였다. 본 연구는 경력 1년 이상부터 10년까지의 현직비서를 대상으로 일정한 경력별로 나누어 총 10명을 연구 참여자로 선정 및 섭외하였으며, 일대일 심층 면접을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 필사(transcription)하여 정리하였고, 원 자료를 읽으면서 텍스트의 특정 부분이 어떤 특정한 주제를 언급하고 있다고 판단될 때 연구문제에 근거하여 그 텍스트의 특정 부분을 잘 설명해주는 단어로 압축하는 코딩(coding)을 거쳐 내용분석을 마쳤다. 본 연구의 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비서직 종사자가 직무와 관련하여 가장 자주 받는 스트레스는 6가지로 각 항목에 따라 세부요인을 포함하기도 하였는데, 상사와 관계된 스트레스(업무 지시 명확시, 불명확시), 상사 이외의 대인관계로 발생하는 스트레스(현업부서의 협조미비, 동료의 비서직무 이해부족), 조직 및 조직문화에 따라 발생하는 스트레스(인사고과 및 승진체계 불명확, 이상적인 비서상과 현실적인 비서상의 차이), 비서과업의 특성에 따른 스트레스(관념상의 성역할이 비서의 공식직무로 결합, 보이지 않는 노동), 비서역할을 수행할 때 발생하는 스트레스(미래 고용에 대한 막연한 불안감, 상사의 지시에 무조건 복종해야 할 때, 옷차림 관련), 비서직이 예상과 달라서 받는 스트레스가 있었다. 둘째, 직무 스트레스에 영향을 받아 비서가 반응하는 경우는 4가지로 분류되었으며, 심리적 위축 및 부담감, 신체적 부담, 이직 결심, 참거나 무반응이 포함되었다. 셋째, 비서가 평소 스트레스에 대처하는 방법에는 무엇이 있는지 확인한 결과, 5가지의 대처법이 발견되었는데, 스트레스를 자기계발로 인식하여 발전의 기회로 삼는 방법, 쇼핑이나 폭식 등 소비행동을 통해 해소하는 방법, 또는 스트레스를 문제로 인식하고 그 요인을 제거하는 적극적인 대처하는 방법, 자기의 상황을 조정할 수 없다는 것을 체념한 상태로 마인드 컨트롤을 하는 방법과 비서 개인이 점심시간에 자기만의 시간을 갖는 것으로서 개인별 해소법을 마련한 경우였다. 이 밖에도 많은 비서들이 친한 친구 및 가족들로부터 정서적 지지를 통해 스트레스를 경감 및 해소하고 있었으며, 일부 비서들은 비서의 공식적인 모임 및 친목 활동을 함으로써 비서 직무에 대한 공감대를 형성하고 스트레스를 경감시키고 있었다. 한편, 비서들이 조직에 바라는 스트레스 대처 지원방안으로는 비서에 대한 인식을 현대에 맞게 수정하고, 교육에 대한 기회를 제공함으로써 장기적인 관점에서 회사의 재원이 될 수 있도록 지지해주는 것이 주된 내용이었다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서는 종래까지 진행되었던 비서직 종사자의 직무 스트레스에 대한 연구들이 보편적이고 객관적인 방법으로 스트레스 정도에 따른 직무태도, 직무 만족도, 조직 몰입도 등과의 관계 및 영향조건을 규명하는 것에서 벗어나 비서직 종사자가 우리 사회에서 10년 이상 장기적으로 근무하고 비서직을 전문직으로 인식을 전환시켜서 비서직의 위상이 격상될 수 있도록 하기 위하여, 비서의 장기근속을 유해하는 것이 무엇인지를 알아보는 기초연구로서 비서가 실제 업무 수행 중에 인식하는 직무 스트레스 및 상황은 무엇이며 또 어떻게 대처를 하고 있는지에 관하여 사례를 중심으로 탐색하고자 하였으며, 이로써 비서직의 업무 특성 및 현실적인 대처에 대한 보다 포괄적인 이해를 가능하게 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

원/달러 환율이 주가에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 글로벌 금융위기 전후 비대칭성을 중심으로

한정은 연세대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

한국화 재료를 활용한 미술치료가 ADHD 아동의 학교생활적응에 미치는 효과

한정은 대구대학교 특수교육대학원 2009 국내석사

This study which sees surplus and emotional stability makes the most of characteristics of Korean painting which is the possibility of decreasing reduces the effect which is affirmative and knows the report person does an attention power scarcity and an impulsive characteristic. The strong point of Korean painting gives a fresh eye about color, becomes the practice of sentimental control, to be made to know a traditional culture. This art therapy using Korean painting material leads in ADHD children and the effect which reaches in school life examines, these people have an emotional sense of stability, further there is the goal improves a sociability. The study which sees divided school life adaptation conduct with disruption characteristic conduct and same age between cooperation. The purposes are detailed below: First, it is to find out whether art therapy using Korean painting materials has an effect on decreasing the problem behavior of ADHD children. Second, it is to find out whether art therapy using Korean painting materials has an effect on improving peer-cooperative behavior of ADHD children. The research child whom saw was in the process of U metropolitan city O elementary school general class 1 grade attending and related with ADHD qualities and of 6 or more months was continued. The sample research project got divided with three kind. The inspection were assessed using DSM-IV checklist, direct observation, and K-HTP, KSD picture analysis. DSM-IV checklist divided at 10 phases. Produced the result indolently with percentage and compared. The direct observation the fine arts therapy study and the school puts out became accomplished from activity. K-HTP leads family relationship and characteristic grasp of the child and becomes the help which examines the relationship of the family and social life. The usual house psychology expresses, the tree self realization expresses, the person that meant a body self expression, was able to interpret. This leads and the change which the child was psychological and observes the report person does. KSD was to try to draw a school life. This was able to express the thought which is emotional about the person. The findings of the study is as follows: First, the art therapy using Korean painting material gives the effect which is affirmative in disruption characteristic conduct decrement of ADHD children. The art therapy using Korean painting material is applied in ADHD children and brings about the change which is affirmative with disruption characteristic conduct decrement. Second, the art therapy using Korean painting material gives the effect is affirmative in cooperation conduct increase of ADHD children. The art therapy using Korean painting material is applied in ADHD children and brought about the change which is affirmative with cooperation conduct increase. Research result for a succeeding research with base sacrifice freezes and character does. Researching only one child in the object, in order generalizes from the research is necessary about ADHD children where the quality is various. Hits to the quality of ADHD, children composes the program which is various and every anniversary of death will provide the chance of conduct change the motive preparation is necessary. Reaches in school life adjustment of ADHD, children in order to examine the effect which applies the fine arts therapeutic program of 24 good opportunities, more the research is necessary about the program application effect which extends in long period.

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling induced Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia

한정은 가천대학교 2014 국내석사

Cerebral ischemia is the second most common cause of death and featured as excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. The latter has become a target for new drug development along with an evaluation of new molecular target to modulate it. Moreover, how to modulate neuroinflammation has become an important issue to overcome brain damages by recurrent stroke. Receptor-mediated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling has been suggested to be important in neuroinflammation and cerebral ischemia, but the precise mechanisms are not clear yet. In the present study, it has been investigated whether S1P signaling can act as a pathogenetic factor for the augmented damage in recurrent stroke-mimicking situations, especially focusing on S1P signaling-mediated neuroinflammation. Moreover, this study has been designed to find a new molecular target that is controlled by activated S1P receptors in neuroinflammation occurring in cerebral ischemia using a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia (middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, M/R). Antagonism of S1P receptors by FTY720 reduced brain infarction and neuroinflammation in M/R-challenged brain where S1P3 and ligand producing enzyme (sphingosine kinase 1) are upregulated and S1P1 is downregulated. When mice were challenged by M/R after S1P microinjection into corpus callosum that resembles recurrent stroke conditions, brain damages were augmented more than M/R only, which was assessed by brain infarction and neural cell survival/death. In this condition, neuroinflammation occurred more severely. All of which were reduced by an antagonism of S1P receptors with FTY720. These results indicate that S1P signaling is involved in neuroinflammation-related brain damages occurring in recurrent stroke. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) was come out as one of neuroinflammatory modulator. MMP-8 seems to be controlled by S1P signaling, based on that S1P induces an upregulation of MMP-8 in microglial cells. Because there is no report on the role of MMP-8 in cerebral ischemia, this study has determined the role using a pharmacological inhibitor (MMP-8 inhibitor, M8I) and a genetic knockdown tool (MMP-8 shRNA lentivirus). M/R induced an upregulation of MMP-8 expression in the brain, which was determined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the upregulation was evident in activated microglia, a main locus for neuroinflammation. Importantly, administration of M8I or MMP-8 shRNA significantly reduced the extent of M/R-induced brain damages assessed by brain infarction, neurological score, and neural cell death along with a reduction of neuroinflammation assessed by microglial activation and TNF- expression. These results demonstrate that MMP-8 is a novel molecule to mediate neuroinflammation and brain damages in cerebral ischemia, in which S1P signaling may play a role via a modulation of MMP-8 expression. Collectively, this study indicates that S1P signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, especially in neuroinflammation.

영어 중간구문의 통사적 특성과 구조분석

한정은 부산대학교 2015 국내석사

여행을 활용한 아동의 자기주도력 및 협동능력 강화 프로그램 효과 연구

한정은 서울여자대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내박사

This study aims to carry out a program developed to cultivate individuals possessing the abilities essential for 21stcentury society, otherwise known as the fourth industrial revolution, and to evaluate this program’s effectiveness. This study proposed self-directedness and cooperative ability to be essential skills for 21stcentury society. It comprehended the concept and components of self-directedness and cooperative ability as its theoretical background, and it examined the impact of self-directedness and cooperation on childhood through precedent research. The study also examined self-directed study and cooperative study models, looked into strengths perspective and empowerment, and explored traveling as a way to enhance children’s self-directedness and cooperative abilities to comprehend a program developed to enhance children’s self-directedness and cooperative abilities. This study utilized the ‘Program Utilizing Travel Experience to Enhance Children’s Self-directedness and Cooperative Ability’, developed by Soon-Hye Hong and Jeong-Eun Han (2018). The study used an integrated research approach to carry out this program in the field of social welfare and evaluate its effectiveness. It also carried out quantitative research through the implementation of nonequivalent control group design and qualitative research through the completion of observation record and individual interviews with participant children. Before evaluating the effectiveness of the program, to aid the comprehension of the program, an outline, constitutive model, execution model, and information about execution have been provided. The results were produced by analyzing both quantitative and qualitative study results separately, comparing them, and discussing the results of comparison. Quantitative study showed that children who participated in the study had higher self-directedness and cooperative ability scores than those who did not participate. These post-scores of the experimental group and control group had statistically significant differences only when the pre-score was controlled. To organize this effectiveness according to the subfactors of self-directedness and cooperative ability, the experimental group’s post-scores of self-directedness’ eight subfactors – openness to learning, self-concept as an effective learner, initiative and independence in learning, responsibility for learning, love of learning, creativity in learning, future-oriented self-understanding, and ability to use basic study skills and problem-solving skills – all increased, and there was a statistically significant positive change in the experimental group’s post-scores in openness to learning, initiative and independence in learning, responsibility for learning, and creativity in learning compared to those of the control group. In the case of cooperative ability, there was an increase in the post-score of the experimental group in three of four subfactors excluding positive interaction: individual responsibility, interpersonal skills, and self-awareness. Qualitative study results were analyzed by dividing the changes in children’s self-directedness and cooperative ability made through participation in the program into the changes that appeared during the program and the changes that the children recognized after the program. The main themes of the change in children’s self-directedness during participation in the program was ‘As the program progressed, the children changed from being demotivated and distracted to acting with self-initiative and trying their best to fulfil their positions.’ The main themes of the change in cooperative ability was ‘The children developed relationship construction skills, began acting responsibly in group activities, and became more respectful and considerate towards others.’ The main themes of the changes in self-directedness that the children recognized after the program was ‘On the basis of the confidence gained through participation in the program, the children’s character and temperament changed, and their self-directedness, including traits such as leadership and creativity, was enhanced.’ The main themes of the change in cooperative ability was ‘The children’s personalities changed positively after they experienced diverse relationships, situations, and roles through group activities in the program, and they became responsible and cooperative.’ These results suggest that the program has a positive impact on enhancing children’s self-directedness and cooperative ability, that factors that may influence the program’s effectiveness must be taken into account when carrying out subsequent programs, and that traveling received a positive evaluation from children as a method of enhancing their self-directedness and cooperative ability. In order to improve the study, regarding the evaluation of the program’s effectiveness, diversification of research design should be considered in future studies. Regarding the execution of the program, age, area, and field of practice should be diversified and the program’s effectiveness according to these factors must be verified so that the program’s effectiveness can be generalized. The program must also be modified through continuous execution and research to produce and supply a structured program manual, and political efforts to develop programs aiming to enhance children’s competence and to apply these programs to the fields of children’s education and welfare must be made.