α-Phosphinylsilylene의 전구체의 합성과 그 반응성 연구

장웅상 연세대학교 1993 국내박사

실용음악전공 학생의 전공 만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 진로성숙도 간의 관계 : 고등학생과 대학생의 비교를 중심으로

장웅상 서경대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내박사

현대사회는 대중문화예술분야가 사회문화 분야뿐만 아니라 정치, 외교, 경제까지도 거대한 영향력을 발휘하고 있다. 전 세계적으로 지속되고 있는 k-pop의 열풍은 문화전파효과를 넘어서 매우 긍정적인 외교효과, 경제효과를 불러일으키고 있다. 현재 많은 대학들에서 전문적인 대중음악인을 양성시키고 체계적인 교육을 시키기 위해 실용음악과 관련한 학과를 설치하였으며, 해마다 입시에서 가장 경쟁률이 높은 학과를 실용음악학과의 보컬전공이 차지하고 있다. 실용음악전공에 대한 예비대학생들의 관심과 기대가 높은 만큼 대학 입학에서의 높은 경쟁률에도 불구하고 전공으로 선택하는 학생이 증가하고 있다. 높은 경쟁률을 통해 대학에 입학한 이후 이들이 얼마나 향후 직업과 관련한 진로준비를 얼마나 하고 있는지는 아직 연구가 부족하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 실용음악 전공에 대한 경쟁이 치열하고 이들이 대학 졸업 이후 기능적인 사회구성원으로서 성장하기 위해서 이들에 대한 세부적인 진로프로그램은 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 실용음악전공을 결정한 대학생과 고등학생들을 대상으로 진로결정에 영향을 미치는 변인을 분석하고 이들의 진로준비행동수준이 어떻게 다른지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 실용음악을 전공하는 학생들에게 실질적인 진로준비를 도우며, 이들의 기대에 부합하는 교육과정을 마련하고 대학 졸업 이후 취업을 위한 준비행동에 영향을 줄 수 있는 진로지도를 하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 다음과 같이 독립변인과 종속변인을 설정하였다. 독립변인은 성별, 학년별, 전공별, 전공결정시기이며 종속변인은 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 진로성숙도 5가지가 변인으로 설정되었다. 본 연구에서는 총 세 가지로 나누어 가설을 설정하였다. 첫째, ‘독립변인인 성별, 학년별, 전공별, 전공결정시기에 따라 종속변인인 실용음악전공생의 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 진로성숙도가 차이를 보일 것이다’라는 것이다. 둘째, 실용음악전공생의 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 진로성숙도 간의 구조적인 관계를 살펴보고 연구자가 설정한 구조모형이 적합한지를 보는 것이다. 연구자의 설정한 각 변인들 간의 구조적 관계는 이러하다. 전공만족도는 우선 진로준비행동과 진로성숙도에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 보았다. 그리고 학습몰입과 진로결정 자기효능감은 매개변인으로 보았다. 그래서 전공만족도는 학습몰입을 매개효과로 진로준비행동과 진로성숙도에 간접적인 영향을 미치고, 또한 전공만족도는 진로결정 자기효능감을 매개효과로 진로준비행동과 진로성숙도에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보았다. 마지막으로 실용음악전공생의 대학진학여부를 조절변인으로 놓고 고등학생 집단과 대학생 집단의 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 진로성숙도가 차이를 보이는지 살펴보았다. 이와 같은 연구문제를 해결하기 위하여 서울, 경기도 및 전북 소재 5개 대학의 실용음악학과에 재학 중인 남녀대학생과 서울 및 대구 소재 5개 실용음악 특성화고등학교 재학생을 대상으로 조사가 이루어졌다. 대학생 총 230명, 고등학생 228명의 총 458건의 자료가 수집되었다. 이중에서 대학생 9건, 고등학생 7건의 자료는 성실하게 응답되지 않은 자료로 자료 분석에서 제외되었다. 최종 분석에 포함된 자료는 대학생 221건, 고등학생 221건으로 총 442건이었다. 실용음악전공 고등학생과 대학생을 대상으로 한 조사도구는 전공만족도(21문항), 학습몰입(29문항), 진로결정 자기효능감(25문항), 진로준비행동(17문항), 진로성숙도(26문항)로 구성된 질문지를 활용하였으며, 모두 Likert(리커트) 5점 척도로 구성되었다. 자료 수집은 온라인 설문지의 링크를 발송하여 응답을 수집하는 온라인 설문조사 방법을 통하여 실시하였으며, 각 설문 별로 항목을 나누어 필수 응답하도록 하였다. 자료 분석은 통계 패키지 R 3.6.2와 IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0을 사용하였다. 자료를 분석하기 좋은 형태로 만들기 위하여 데이터 전처리를 수행하고 각 변인의 하위요인에 대한 신뢰도 확인을 위하여 신뢰도분석을 실시하였다. 각 변인의 집단 별 차이를 검정하기 위해 t-test 검정과 ANOVA(아노바) 검정을 실시하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 수립하고 모수의 유의성을 검정하였고, Sobel(소벨) 검정을 이용하여 직접효과와 간접효과의 유의성을 검정하였다. 연구의 결과를 살펴보면, 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실용음악전공생들의 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 진로성숙도의 성별, 학년별, 전공별, 전공결정시기에 따라 차이를 알아본 결과 전공만족도와 진로준비행동, 그리고 진로성숙도가 학년에 따른 차이를 보였다. 전공만족도는 고등학교 1학년보다는 대학교 1학년이 전공만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 대학교 3학년보다는 대학교 1학년이 전공만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 현재 실용음악전공 대학생이 겪는 상황과도 매우 유사한데, 실용음악전공 대학생들은 어려운 입시관문을 통과하여 최고의 목표치를 달성한 이후 가장 전공만족도가 높으며, 이후 대학 시기를 거치면서 재능에 대한 현실적 자각, 무한경쟁, 구직에 대한 현실적 자각 등으로 인하여 자신의 전공에 대해 재인식하는 과정을 거치고 있다. 성별에 따른 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 진로성숙도의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동에 있어서 남녀의 차이는 없었으며 그 수준이 같았다. 이는 실용음악 전공에 있어서 여학생과 남학생의 차이가 더 이상 나타나지 않는 다는 것을 의미하며, 선행연구에서 분석한 대외적 활동의 제약이나 소속감의 제약, 악기나 장비의 사용과 연습 등에 있어서 남녀의 차이가 발생하지 않는 다는 것을 의미한다. 이 결과는 실용음악 전공의 만족도가 남녀가 가지는 생물학적 특성에 의한 불가피한 제약의 영향을 받지 않는 다는 것을 의미하는 것으로 학문의 발전에 있어 긍정적인 측면으로 볼 수가 있다. 그러나 진로성숙도에 있어서 남녀의 차이가 나타났는데, 여성의 진로성숙도 보다 남성의 진로성숙도가 높게 나타났다. 여학생보다 남학생이 진로성숙도 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 남학생이 여학생보다 좀 더 현실적으로 진로계획 및 직업세계에 대해 인식하고 있음을 드러낸다(Super, 1990). 이 결과는 선행연구에서 남학생이 여학생보다 진로탐색활동을 더 많이 하는 것으로 보고되는 것과 유사한 맥락을 가지고 있다. 학년은 진로준비행동에 영향을 미쳤는데, 고등학교 3학년이 대학교 3학년보다 진로준비행동 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 실용음악전공생들은 입시에 대한 경쟁률이 다른 어떤 전공보다 높은 만큼 대학입시까지가 진로준비가 최고조에 다르고, 대학 입학 이후 오히려 진로준비행동이 낮아지는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 이는 현실을 매우 잘 반영하고 있다. 자신의 한계, 구직에의 어려움, 직업에 대한 현실적 자각 등으로 대학교 상위학년으로 갈수록 진로이탈이나 진로준비에 어려움을 겪는 것이 이번 조사에서도 나타났다. 그러므로 대학에서의 진로지도가 얼마나 중요한지 시사하는 바가 크다. 이는 연구자가 실제 실용음악전공 대학생을 지도하면서도 그 필요성과 그리고 실용음악전공생들을 위한 커스터마이징 된 진로지도가 필요하다고 본다. 학년은 진로성숙도에도 역시 영향을 미쳤는데, 대학교 1학년이 고등학교 1학년보다 진로성숙도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 전공별로 각 변인에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 전공의 차이는 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 전공만족도, 진로성숙도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 전공 결정 시기에 따른 각 변인의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 전공 결정 시기는 전공만족도, 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동, 전공만족도, 진로성숙도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 실용음악전공생의 전공만족도가 학습몰입, 진로결정 자기효능감을 매개효과로 진로준비행동과 진로성숙도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구자의 가설적 연구모형은 지지되었는데, 전공만족도는 진로준비행동과 진로성숙도에 직접효과를 가지며, 전공만족도는 학습몰입과 진로결정 자기효능감을 매개효과로 진로준비행동과 진로성숙도에 간접적으로 영향을 미친다. 학습몰입과 진로결정 자기효능감의 매개효과가 확인되었다. 고등학생과 대학생을 조절변인으로 하여 살펴본 결과, 두 집단 간에 차이가 있음이 나타나서 대학진학여부는 조절변인으로 작용하고 있음을 나타내었다 In modern society, pop culture and arts have enormous influence not only in social and cultural fields but also in politics, diplomacy, and the economy. The global craze for K-pop has gone beyond the cultural propagation effect to create a very positive diplomatic and economic effect. Currently, many universities have established departments related to practical music to train professional pop musicians and provide systematic education, and vocal majors in the department of practical music take up the most competitive departments in the entrance examination every year. As prospective college students have high interest and expectations in practical music majors, a growing number of students are choosing their majors despite the high competition rate in college admissions. There is still a lack of research on how much they are preparing for their future careers after entering college through high competition rates. Nevertheless, competition for practical music majors is fierce and detailed career programs are essential for them to grow up as functional members of society after college. In this study, we would like to analyze variables affecting career decisions for college and high school students who have decided to major in practical music and see how their level of career preparation behavior differs. It is expected that this will help students majoring in practical music prepare for their careers, prepare courses that meet their expectations, and provide career guidance that can affect their preparation for employment after graduating from college. Accordingly, in this study, independent and dependent variables were established as follows: Independent spokesmen are gender, grade, major, and major decision period. The five subordinate variables were set up as variables: satisfaction level of major, immersion in learning, self-efficacy in career decision, career preparation behavior, and career proficiency. In this study, a total of three hypotheses were established. First, depending on the gender, grade, major, and major decision-making period of independent variables, the satisfaction level of practical music majors, immersion in learning, self-efficacy of career decision, career preparation behavior, and career proficiency will be different. Second, it is to examine the structural relationship between the major satisfaction level of students majoring in practical music, immersion in learning, self-efficacy in career decision, career preparation behavior, and career proficiency, and see if the structural model set by the researcher is appropriate. This is the structural relationship between each established variable of the researcher. First of all, the degree of satisfaction in majors is expected to have a direct impact on career preparation behavior and career proficiency. And learning immersion and career decision self-efficacy were seen as parameters. Therefore, the major satisfaction level indirectly affects career preparation behavior and career proficiency through the medium effect of study immersion, and also the major satisfaction level indirectly affects career preparation behavior and career proficiency through the medium effect of career decision self-effectiveness. Finally, we put the university entrance status of students majoring in practical music as a control variable and looked at whether high school and college students' satisfaction with their majors, immersion in learning, self-efficacy in career decision, career preparation behavior, and career proficiency were different. To solve such research problems, a survey was conducted on male and female college students attending the department of practical music at five universities in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Jeonbuk, and students enrolled in five practical music specialized high schools in Seoul and Daegu. A total of 458 cases of data from 230 college students and 228 high school students were collected. Among them, nine cases of university students and seven cases of high school students were excluded from the data analysis because they were not faithfully answered. The data included in the final analysis was 221 for college students and 221 for high school students, with a total of 442 cases. The survey tools for high school students and college students majoring in practical music used questionnaires consisting of satisfaction level (21 questions), immersion (29 questions), self-efficacy in career decision (25 questions), career preparation (17 questions), and career proficiency (26 questions), all consisting of a scale of five points. The data collection was conducted through an online survey method, which collects responses by sending links to online questionnaires, and the required responses were divided into sections for each survey. Data analysis used statistical packages R 3.6.2 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. In order to make the data a good form to analyze, data preprocessing was performed and reliability analysis was performed to verify the reliability of the lower factors of each variable. The t-test and ANOVA (Anova) tests were performed to test the group differences of each variable. A structural equation model was established, the significance of parameters was tested, and the significance of direct and indirect effects was tested using the Sobel test. The results of this study are as follows. First, students majoring in practical music showed differences in major satisfaction, learning immersion, career decision self-efficacy, career preparation behavior, gender of career preparation, grade, major, and major decision time. The satisfaction level of the major was found to be higher for first-year college students than for first-year high school students, and for first-year college students, the satisfaction level of the major was higher than for third-year students. This is very similar to the current situation experienced by college students majoring in practical music, who are the most satisfied with their major since they passed difficult entrance exams and achieved the highest goal, and later went through college to re-recognize their major due to realistic awareness of talent, unlimited competition, and realistic awareness of job openings. As a result of examining the differences in major satisfaction, learning immersion, career decision self-efficacy, career preparation behavior, major satisfaction level, and career proficiency according to gender, there was no difference between men and women in major satisfaction, learning immersion, career decision self-efficacy, and career preparation behavior, and the level was the same. This means that there is no longer a difference between girls and boys in practical music majors, and that there is no difference between men and women in the use and practice of musical instruments or equipment, as analyzed in prior research. This result means that satisfaction in the major of practical music is not affected by the inevitable constraints of the biological characteristics of men and women, which can be seen as a positive aspect of the development of learning. However, there was a difference between men and women in career advancement, and men's career advancement was higher than women's career advancement. It turns out that boys have higher levels of career proficiency than girls, indicating that boys are more realistic about career planning and the world of work than girls (Super, 1990). This result has a similar context to that reported in the preceding study that male students were more likely to do career exploration activities than female students. The grade affected career preparation behavior, with high school seniors having higher career preparation behavior scores than college seniors. As the competition rate for entrance exams is higher than any other major, students majoring in practical music tend to prepare for their careers at their peak until college entrance, and their career preparation behavior tends to decrease after entering university, which reflects the reality very well. The survey also showed that the higher the university's senior year, due to his limitations, difficulty in finding a job, and realistic awareness of a job, the harder it is to get away from or prepare for a career. Therefore, there is much to suggest how important a career path in college is. This suggests that researchers need to guide college students majoring in practical music, but also need customized career maps for students majoring in practical music. The school year also affected career proficiency, with university freshmen showing higher career proficiency than high school freshmen. According to a study of the impact on each variable by major, the difference in major does not affect major satisfaction, immersion in learning, self-efficacy in career decision, career preparation behavior, major satisfaction level, and career proficiency. After examining the differences between each variable according to the period of major decision, it was found that the timing of major decision does not affect major satisfaction, immersion in learning, self-efficacy in career decision, career preparation behavior, major satisfaction, and career proficiency. The researcher's hypothetical research model on the effect of the major satisfaction level of students majoring in practical music on career preparation behavior and career proficiency is supported by the mediating effect of learning immersion and career decision self-efficacy, and the major satisfaction has a direct effect on career preparation behavior and career proficiency, and indirectly affects career preparation behavior and career proficiency through the mediating effect of learning immersion and career decision self-effectiveness. The mediated effect of learning immersion and career decision self-efficacy has been confirmed. The study of high school and college students as control variables showed that there was a difference between the two groups, indicating that college entrance was acting as a control variable.

샐린저와 벨로우의 작품과 도연명의 작품 비교 연구 : 불교(佛敎)와 노장사상(老莊思想)을 중심으로

장웅상 建國大學校 2002 국내박사

The aim of this thesis is to examine the oriental philosophies, especially Buddhism and Taoism in the works of Doe Yeonmyeong, with novels The Catcher in the Rye by J.D.Salinger and Herzog by Saul Bellow in the light of Comparative Literature. Although the works of Doe Yeonmyeong, Salinger and Bellow were written in different time periods under different circumstances, all of these works contain the common element of Buddhism and Taoism. Salinger and Bellow were influenced by the oriental philosophies of Buddhism and Taoism and their works can be explained in the light of these belief systems. Doe Yeonmyeong's works were also written with a focus on Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. From their biographies, it is known that Salinger and Bellow were influenced by Zen Buddhism. A major concern that Salinger wants to reveal in his works can be said to be man's loss of attachment to nature in an increasingly developed industrial society. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye describes the course whereby Holden comes to realize his true self in a modern society where material civilization dominates. It is said that the message Salinger tries to convey in his novel is Zen-like. Salinger's novel concludes with the main character's mental realization, and this is a dominant theme of Buddhism: realization permeates like a flashing light. Bellow's novel Herzog also contains considerable Buddhist elements when we survey it from an oriental viewpoint. Bellow made it his major subject to ask about mancs self reflection amidst the chaos of modern times. A relation with Buddhism was made since he was very young. Doe Yeonmyeong was a great poet and prose writer in the period of Dongjin in China. He was the first poet in the Chinese History that left enormous volumes of creative works on the subject matter of country life. Do Yeonmyeong's great point is that he practiced Taoism in the course of his rural district life. Doe Yeonmyeong's poems share the common denominator of Buddhism and Taoism with novels of the Jewish writers Salinger and Bellow. The Catcher in the Rye is a work that reveals the absurdity of modern American society. The story of this novel is about a high school student who is expelled from school because of very poor grades. He then wanders for three days around New York. This work gained overwhelming popularity because of a simple and cynical style. This work used adolescent terms freely in the 1950s, and it became a best-seller. Holden is expelled from high school and wanders around taverns and meets a prostitute. He becomes disgusted by adult society, which is contrary to his strong ego. What Holden sees and experiences when he wanders around New York is neither crime nor sin. It is a vulgarity of mentality; that is, it is 'phony'. Holden is anxious to do good in this chaotic world and wanders in search of love. At last, he discovers all this beauty from his younger sister Phoebe, and returns to the real world. What he wants is only one thing: to play the role of the "Catcher" who protects children playing in the rye from falling off a cliff. When Holden tries to drink alcohol to escape from the world full of Phonies, it is like when Doe Yeonmyeng drinks alcohol to escape from the world full of corruption. Also, when Holden dreams of his Utopia and escapes from the world full of phonies and tries to live in a certain western cottage, it is like when Doe Yeonmyeng tries to return to a rural district to escape a chaotic world. Bellow once lived in a lonely cottage in the Hudson river valley in New York, and this place became the idea for Ludeyville cottage in Bellow's novel Herzog. In this story, Herzog wanders from his wife Madeleine and his friend's betrayal to discover himself. The novel begins with Herzog recalling the past in the Ludeyville cottage. Letters in this novel are objects that Herzog uses to reform his mental chaos and search for stability of mind. These letters perform the function of an inner monologue because they are not sent to the receiver. These letters are also a media to reveal his Utopia. The desolate lonely cottage of Ludeyville expresses Herzog's silly life of the past. Herzog's cleaning and repairing of this cottage represents his mental enlightenment. When Herzog returns to the old lonely cottage and really recognizes himself, it is like when Do Yeonmyeong feels disgusted by his corrupt society and calls "Let's go to the rural district" and returns there. The old lonely cottage of Ludeyville is said to be an objective correlative of Herzog's mental enlightenment. Doe Yeonmyeong was influenced by Buddhism and Taoism when he wrote his works. Salinger and Bellow were also influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. These writers' works are abundant with Buddhist and Taoist elements. I want to use a comparative viewpoint to compare the novels of the American writers Salinger and Bellow with the works of Doe Yeonmyeong, the representative rural district poet.

Synthesis and characterization of photorefractive materials : 광굴절 재료의 합성과 특성연구

장웅상 서울大學校 大學院 2001 국내박사

John Steinbeck의 作品 속에 投影된 東洋 思想 照明 : 人本主義, 自然 親和 思想, 老莊思想, 空思想, 禪思想, 慈悲를 中心으로

장 웅상 建國大學校 1998 국내석사

The aim of this paper es in illuminating Oriental Thoughts revealed in the Works of John Steinbeck. Of course, it is not likely that Steinbeck wrote a novel on the ground of Oriental Thoughts. Only the central contents revealed in his works are connected with Oriental Thoughts. The real interest of John Steinbeck lies in man. He deals with a literature in the light of Humanism. This Humanism is said to be coulected with Humanism of confucian ideas. The description of Nature comes in the works of John Steinbeck, and his description of Nature is connected with Harmony with Nature in the Orient and Taoism that think highly of Nothingness. The Works of John Steinbeck can be accessed in the light of Buddhism. The central meanig Projected in The Pearl, which reveals that all mortal things come to nothingness, is connected with Emptiness of Buddhism. The process that the hero obtains a new perception is very similar to the Zen Buddhism of the Orient. Also, the expression that All that lives is holy projected in the Grapes of Wrath is said to be connected with Mercy, which means Universal Love that covers a lower animal. Of course, there are two difficulties in completing this paper. Firstly, I cannot find a reference book and a paper that describe the Works of John Steinbeck in the light of Oriental Thoughts. Secontlly, it is not likely tllat he wrote a novel on the ground of Oriental Thoughts, although the Works of John Steinbeck is a little oriental. I can say that the contents projected in the Works of John Steinbeck are similar to the Oriental Thoughts. I think it is very meaningful to illuminate the Works of John Steinbeck through the instruction of Oriental Thoughts.

J.D.Salinger와 Saul Bellow의 주요 작품들에 나타난 선사상(禪思想) : 도연명(陶淵明)의 전원시, Gary Snyder의 선시, 노장사상(老莊思想)과의 비교를 중심으로

장 웅상 건국대학교 대학원 2002 국내박사